An intergroup contact-theory framework for evaluating racial climate on predominantly White college campuses

American Journal of Community Psychology

Volumn 36, Issue 3-4, 2005, Pages 239-257

  Chavous, Tabbye M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

Author keywords

College students; Intergroup contact; Racial climate

Indexed keywords

AFRICAN AMERICAN; ARTICLE; ATTITUDE; CAUCASIAN; ETHNOLOGY; FEMALE; GROUP STRUCTURE; HUMAN; HUMAN RELATION; MALE; MINORITY GROUP; PERCEPTION; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; SOCIAL PROBLEM; STUDENT; UNITED STATES; UNIVERSITY;

AFRICAN AMERICANS; ATTITUDE; EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; FEMALE; GROUP STRUCTURE; HUMANS; INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS; MALE; MINORITY GROUPS; PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY; RACE RELATIONS; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; SOCIAL PERCEPTION; STUDENTS; UNITED STATES; UNIVERSITIES;

EID: 30044445594     PISSN: 00910562     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10464-005-8623-1     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Allen, W. R. (1988). Black students in U.S. higher education: Toward improved access, adjustment, and achievement. Urban Review, 20, 165-188.
2. Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. New York: Anchor.
3. Ancis, J., Sedlacek, W., & Mohr, J. (2000). Student perceptions of campus cultural climate by race. Journal of Counseling & Development, 78(2), 180-185.
4. Astin, A. (1993). Diversity and multiculturalism on campus: How are students affected? Change, 25(2), 44-49.
5. Baldwin, J., Rackley, R., & Brown, R. (1990). Some socio-behavioral correlates of African self-consciousness in African-American college students. Journal of Black Psychology, 17(1), 1-17.
6. Baxter Magolda, M. B. (1997). Facilitating meaningful dialogues about race. About Campus, 2(5), 14-18.
7. Bennett, C. (1984). Interracial contact experience and attrition among Black undergraduates at a predominantly White university. Theory and Research in Social Education, 12(2), 19-47.
8. Berndt, T. J. (1979). Developmental changes in conformity to peers and parents. Developmental Psychology, 15, 608-616.
9. Blauner, B. (1989). Black lives, white lives: Three decades of race relations in America. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
10. Brewer, M. (1996). When contact is not enough: Social identity and intergroup cooperation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 20, 291-303.
11. Bullock, C. S. (1978). Contact theory and racial tolerance among high school students. School Review, 86(2), 187-216.
12. Buttny, R. (1999). Discursive constructions of racial boundaries and self-segregation on campus. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 18(3), 247-268.
13. Cabrera, A., Nora, A., Terenzini, P., Pascarella, E., Hagedorn, L., & Serra, L. (1999). Campus racial climate and the adjustment of students to college: A comparison between White students and African-American students. Journal of Higher Education, 70(2), 134-160.
14. Canabal, M. E. (1993). An assessment of institutional attractiveness by race/ethnicity and gender in a midwestern public baccalaureate institution. College Student Journal, 27(1), 85-95.
15. Chavous, T. M. (2000). The relationships among racial identity, perceived ethnic fit, and organizational involvement for African American students at a predominantly White university. Journal of Black Psychology, 26(1), 79-100.
16. Chavous, T., Rivas, D., Green, L., & Helaire, L. (2002). The roles of student social and economic background, perceptions of ethnic fit, and racial identification in the academic adjustment of African American college students. Journal of Black Psychology, 28(3), 234-260.
17. Cook, S. W. (1985). Experimenting on social issues: The case of school desgregation. American Psychologist, 40, 452-460.
18. Crocker, J., & Luhtanen, R. (1990). Collective self-esteem and ingroup bias. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 60-67.
19. D'Augelli, A. R., & Hershberger, S. L. (1993). African American undergraduates on a predominantly White campus: Academic factors, social networks, and campus climate. Journal of Negro Education, 61(1), 67-81.
20. Davis, J. E. (1995). College in Black and White: Campus environment and academic achievement of African American males. Journal of Negro Education, 63(4), 620-633.
21. Dutton, J. E., Dukerich, J. M., & Harquail, C. V. (1994). Organizational images and member identification. Administrative Science Quarterly, 39(2), 239-263.
22. Edmonds, G. J. (1984). Needs assessment strategy for Black students: An examination of stressors and program implications. Journal of Non-White Concerns, 12, 48-56.
23. Essed (1991). Understanding everyday racism. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
24. Fleming, J. (1984). Blacks in college: A comparative study of students' success in black and white institutions. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
25. Gaertner, S. L., Rust, M. C., Dovidio, J. F., Bachman, B. A., & Anastasio, P. A. (1994). The contact hypothesis: The role of common ingroup identity on reducing intergroup bias. Small Group Research, 25, 224-249.
26. Giles, H., & Coupland, N. (1992). Language: Contexts and consequences. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing.
27. Graham, S. W. (1998). Adult growth in college: The effects of age and educational ethos. Journal of College Student Development, 39, 239-250.
28. Gray-Little, B., & Carels, R. A. (1997). The effect of racial dissonance on academic self-esteem and achievement in elementary, junior high, and high school students. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 7(2), 109-131.
29. Green, C. W., Adams, A. M., & Turner, C. W. (1988). Development and validation of the school interracial climate scale. American Journal of Community Psychology, 16(2), 241-259.
30. Guion, R. (1973). A note on organizational climate. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 9, 120-125.
31. Gurin, P., Dey, E., Hurtado, S., & Gurin, G. (2002). Diversity and higher education: Theory and impact on educational outcomes. Harvard Educational Review, 72(3), 330-366.
32. Halpin, A. W., & Croft, D. B. (1963). The organizational climate of schools. Chicago: Midwest Administration Center, University of Chicago.
33. Harvey, W. B. (2001). Minorities in higher education 2000-2001: Eighteenth annual status report. Washington, DC: American Council on Education.
34. Helm, E., Sedlacek, W., & Prieto, D. (1998). The relationship between attitudes toward diversity and overall satisfaction of university students by race. Journal of College Counseling, 1(2), 111-120.
35. Hurtado, S. (1992). The campus racial climate: Contexts of conflict. Journal of Higher Education, 63, 539-569.
36. Hurtado, S. (1994). Graduate school racial climates and academic self-concept among minority graduate students in the 1970s. American Journal of Education, 102(3), 330-351.
37. Hurtado, S., Engberg, M., Ponjuan, L., & Landreman, L. (2003). Students' precoliege preparation for participation in a diverse democracy. Research in Higher Education, 43(2), 163-186.
38. Johnson-Durgans, V. D. (1994). Perceptions of racial climates in residence halls between African-American and Euroamerican college students. Journal of College Student Development, 35(4), 267-274.
39. Jones, J. M. (1994). The African American: A duality dilemma? In W. J. Lonner & R. Malpass (Eds.), Psychology and culture (pp. 17-23). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
40. Jones, J. M., Lynch, P. D., Tenglund, A. A., & Gaertner, S. L. (2000). Toward a diversity hypothesis: Multidimensional effects of intergroup contact. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 9, 53-62.
41. Kelly, J. G., Azelton, L. S., Burzette, R., & Mock, L. O. (1994). Creating social settings for diversity: An ecological thesis. In E. J. Trickett, R. J. Watts, & D. Birman (Eds.), Human diversity: Perspectives on people in context. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
42. Kluegel, J. R., & Bobo, L. (1993). Dimensions of whites' beliefs about the black-white socio-economic gap. In P. M. Sniderman, P. E. Tetlock, & E. G. Carmines (Eds.), Prejudice, politics, and the American dilemma (pp. 127-147). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
43. Levine, A., & Cureton, J. S. (1998). Student politics: The new localism. Review of Higher Education, 21, 137-150.
44. Loo, C. M., & Rolison, G. (1986). Alienation of ethnic minority students at a predominantly White university. Journal of Higher Education, 57, 59-77.
45. Lopez, G. E., Gurin, P., & Nagda, B. A. (1998). Education and understanding structural causes for group inequalities. Journal of Political Psychology, 19(2), 305-329.
46. Lounsbury, J., & DeNeui (1996). Collegiate psychological sense of community in relation to size of college/university and extroversion. Journal of Community Psychology, 24(4), 381-394.
47. Marcus-Newhall, A., & Heindl, T. R. (1998). Coping with interracial stress in ethnically diverse classrooms: How important are Allport's contact conditions? Journal of Social Issues, 54(4), 813-830.
48. Martin, J. N., Hecht, M. L., & Larkey, L. K. (1994). Conversational improvement strategies for interethnic communication: African American and European American perspectives. Communication Monographs, 61, 236-255.
49. McAdoo, H. P. (1997). Upward mobility across generations in African American families. In H. P. McAdoo (Ed.), Black families (3rd ed., pp. 139-162). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
50. Nagda, B. A., Gurin, P., & Johnson, S. M. (2004). Living, doing, and thinking diversity: How does precollege diversity affect first-year students' engagement with college diversity? In R. S. Feldman (Ed.), Improving the first year of college: Research and practice. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
51. Nettles, M. T. (Ed.). (1988). Toward black undergraduate student equality in American higher education. New York: Greenwood Press.
52. Nettles, M. T. (1991). Racial similarities and differences in the predictors of college student achievement. In W. R. Allen, E. Epps, & N. Z. Haniff (Eds.), College in Black and White (pp. 75-91). Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
53. Nora, A., & Cabrera, A. F. (1994). The role of perceptions in prejudice and discrimination and the adjustment of minority students to college. Journal of Higher Education, 67(2), 119-148.
54. Pargament, K. I., Silverman, W., Johnson, S., Echemendia, R., & Snyder, S. (1983). The psychosocial climate of religious congregations. American Journal of Community Psychology, 11, 351-381.
55. Pascarella, E., Edison, M., Nora, A., Hagedorn, L. S., & Terenzini, P. (1996). Influences on students' openness to diversity and challenge in the first year of college. Journal of Higher Education, 67(2), 174-195.
56. Pedhazur, E. J., & Schmelkin, L. P. (1991). Measurement, design, and analysis: An Integrated approach. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
57. Pettigrew, T. F. (1998). Intergroup contact theory. Annual Review of Psychology, 49, 63-85.
58. Pewewardy, C., & Frey, B. (2002). Surveying the landscape: Perceptions of multicultural support services and racial climate at a predominantly White university. Journal of Negro Education, 71(1/2), 77-95.
59. Phinney, J. S. (1992). The multigroup ethnic identity measure: A new scale for use with diverse groups. Journal of Adolescent Research, 7(2), 156-176.
60. Phinney, J. S., Ferguson, D. L., & Tate, J. D. (1997). Intergroup attitudes among ethnic minority adolescents: A causal model. Child Development, 68(5), 955-969.
61. Powers, D. A., & Ellison, C. G. (1995). Interracial contact and black racial attitudes: The contact hypothesis and selectivity bias. Social Forces, 74(1), 205-226.
62. Schein, E. (1985). Organizational culture and leadership: A dynamic view. The Jossey-Bass management series and The Jossey-Bass social and behavioral science series. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Inc.
63. Shelton, J. N. (2001). A reconceptualization of how we study issues of racial prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 4(4), 374-339.
64. Sigelman, L., & Welch, S. (1993). The contact hypothesis revisited: Interracial contact and positive racial attitudes. Social Forces, 71, 781-795.
65. Stephan, W. (1987). The contact hypothesis in intergroup relations. In C. Hendrick (Ed.), Group processes and intergroup relations (pp. 13-40). Sage.
66. Suen, H. K. (1983). Alienation and attrition of Black college students on predominantly White campus. Journal of College Student Personnel, 19, 117-121.
67. Sydell, E. J., & Nelson, E. S. (1998). Gender and race differences in the perceptions of sexual harassment. Journal of College Counseling, 1(2), 99-110.
68. Tracey, T. J., & Sherry, P. (1984). College student distress as a function of person-environment fit. Journal of College Student Personnel, 25, 436-442.
69. Trickett, E. (1996). A future for community psychology: The contexts of diversity and the diversity of contexts. American Journal of Community Psychology, 24(2), 209-234.
70. Trickett, E., & Moos, R. H. (1973). Social environment of junior high and high school classrooms. Journal of Educational Psychology, 65(1), 93-102.
71. Tinto, V. (1975). Dropout from higher education: A theoretical synthesis of recent research. Review of Educational Research, 45, 89-125.
72. Tinto, V. (1987). Leaving college: Rethinking the causes and cures of student attrition. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
73. Watts, R., & Carter, R. (1991). Psychological aspects of racism in organizations. Group and organization studies, 16(3), 328-344.
74. Whitt, E. J., Edison, M. I., Pascarella, E. T., Terenzini, P. T., & Nora, A. (2001). Influences on students' openness to diversity and challenge in the second and third years of college. Journal of Higher Education, 72(2), 172-204.
75. Wittig, M. A., & Grant-Thompson, S. G. (1998). The utility of Allport's conditions of intergroup contact for predicting perceptions of improved racial attitudes and beliefs. Journal of Social Issues, 54(4), 795-812.
76. Zea, M. C. (1997). Predicting intention to remain in college among ethnic minority and nonminority students. Journal of Social Psychology, 137(2), 149-160.