Newspapers and protest: An examination of protest coverage from 1960 to 1999

Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly

Volumn 82, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 638-653

  Boyle, Michael P ^a   McCluskey, Michael R ^b   McLeod, Douglas M ^c   Stein, Sue E ^d  

^a WICHITA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

^d DREXEL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MEDIA ROLE; POLITICAL CONFLICT; POLITICAL DISCOURSE;

EID: 29744456457     PISSN: 10776990     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/107769900508200310     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Dieter Rucht, ed., Research on Social Movements: The State of the Art in Western Europe and the USA (Campus Verlag: Westview Press, 1991);
2. Dieter Rucht, Ruud Koopmans, and Friedholm Neidhardt, eds., Acts of Dissent: New Developments in the Study of Protest (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 1999).
3. William A. Gamson and Gadi Wolsfsfeld, "Movements and Media as Interacting Systems," The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 528 (July 1993): 114-25;
4. Douglas M. McLeod, "Communicating Deviance: The Effects of Television News Coverage of Social Protest," Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 39 (winter 1995): 4-19;
5. Douglas M. McLeod and Ben H. Detenber, "Framing Effects of Television News Coverage of Social Protest," Journal of Communication 49 (summer 1999): 3-23;
6. Douglas M. McLeod and James K. Hertog, "Social Control and the Mass Media's Role in the Regulation of Protest Groups: The Communicative Acts Perspective," in Mass Media, Social Control and Social Change, ed. Dave Demers and K. Viswanath (Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press, 1998), 305-330.
7. Anthony Downs, "Up and Down with Ecology: The Issue Attention Cycle," Public Interest 28 (summer 1972): 38-50;
8. David Snyder and William R. Kelly, "Conflict Intensity, Media Sensitivity and the Validity of Newspaper Data," American Sociological Review 42 (February 1977): 105-123;
9. Simon Hug and Dominique Wisler, "Correcting for Selection Bias in Social Movement Research," Mobilization 3 (2, 1998): 141-61;
10. John D. McCarthy, Clark McPhail, and Jackie Smith, "Images of Protest: Dimensions of Selection Bias in Media Coverage of Washington Demonstrations, 1982 and 1991" American Sociological Review 61 (June 1996): 478-99;
11. Pamela E. Oliver and Daniel J. Myers, "How Events Enter the Public Sphere: Conflict, Location, and Sponsorship in Local Newspaper Coverage of Public Events," American Journal of Sociology 105 (1, 1999): 38-87.
12. Hug and Wisler, "Correcting for Selection Bias in Social Movement Research";
13. McCarthy, McPhail, and Smith, "Images of Protest."
14. Joseph M. Chan and Chi-Chuan Lee, "Journalistic 'Paradigms' of Civil Protests: A Case Study in Hong Kong," in The News Media in National and International Conflict, ed. A. Arno and W. Dissanayake (Boulder and London: Westview Press, 1984), 183-202.
15. Chan and Lee, "Journalistic 'Paradigms' of Civil Protests: A Case Study in Hong Kong";
16. McLeod and Hertog, "Social Control and the Mass Media's Role in the Regulation of Protest Groups."
17. Pamela J. Shoemaker and Steve D. Reese, Mediating the Message: Theories of Influences on Mass Media Content, 2d ed. (NY: Longman, 1996).
18. Chan and Lee, "Journalistic 'Paradigms' of Civil Protests: A Case Study in Hong Kong";
19. Douglas M. McLeod and James K. Hertog, "The Manufacture of Public Opinion by Reporters: Informal Cues for Public Perceptions of Protest Groups," Discourse and Society 3 (3, 1992): 259-75;
20. James K. Hertog and Douglas M. McLeod, "Anarchists Wreak Havoc in Downtown Minneapolis," Journalism & Mass Communication Monographs 151 (June 1995): 1-48.
21. Pamela J. Shoemaker, "Media Treatment of Deviant Political Groups," Journalism Quarterly 61 (spring 1984): 66-75, 82;
22. Chan and Lee, "Journalistic 'Paradigms' of Civil Protests: A Case Study in Hong Kong."
23. Todd Gitlin, The Whole World is Watching: Mass Media and the Making and Unmaking of the New Left (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980);
24. Douglas M. McLeod, "The Protest Paradigm and News Coverage of the 'Right to Party' Movement," in It's Show Timek!: Media, Politics, and Popular Culture, ed. David A. Schultz (NY. Peter Lang Publishing, 1999), 29-49;
25. McLeod and Hertog, "The Manufacture of Public Opinion by Reporters."
26. McLeod and Hertog, "Social Control and the Mass Media's Role in the Regulation of Protest Groups."
27. McLeod and Hertog, "Social Control and the Mass Media's Role in the Regulation of Protest Groups."
28. McLeod, "The Protest Paradigm and News Coverage."
29. Oliver and Myers, "How Events Enter the Public Sphere."
30. Michael P. Boyle, Michael R. McCluskey, Narayan Devanathan, Sue E. Stein, and Douglas M. McLeod, "The Influence of Level of Deviance and Protest Type on Coverage of Social Protest in Wisconsin from 1960 to 1999," Mass Communication & Society 7 (1, 2004): 43-60.
31. Shoemaker, "Media Treatment of Deviant Political Groups."
32. McLeod and Hertog, "The Manufacture of Public Opinion by Reporters."
33. Douglas M. McLeod and Roya Akhavan-Majid, "The Media and Social Movements: A Case Study of the Minneapolis Anti-pornography Ordinance" (paper presented to the Theory and Methodology Mini-conference, Champaign, IL, 1984. Champaign, IL 1984.
34. McLeod and Hertog, "Social Control and the Mass Media's Role in the Regulation of Protest Groups."
35. Boyle et al., "The Influence of Level of Deviance."
36. Sidney Tarrow, "Cycles of Collective Action: Between Moments of Madness and the Repertoire of Contention," Social Science History 17 (summer 1993): 281-308;
37. Ruud Koopmans, "The Dynamics of Protest Waves: West Germany, 1965 to 1989," American Sociological Review 58 (October 1993): 637-58;
38. Andre G. Frank and Marta Fuentes, "On Studying the Cycles in Social Movements," Research in Social Movements, Conflicts and Change 17 (1994): 173-96.
39. Gitlin, The Whole World is Watching.
40. Laura Ashley and Beth Olson, "Constructing Reality: Print Media's Framing of Women's Movement, 1966 to 1986," Journalism & Mass Communication Quaterly 75 (summer 1998): 263-77.
41. Dennis Chong, Collective Action and the Civil Rights Movement (Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press, 1991).
42. Philip M. Taylor, War and the Media: Propaganda and Persuasion in the Gulf War (NY: Manchester University Press, 1992).
43. Kevin Featherly, "TV's Threat Gets Bigger on the Web," mediainfo.com Magazine, November 1998.
44. Jay Cheshes, "News for the Next Generation: Give the Kid a Burger," Columbia Journalism Review 41 (January/February 2003): 25-26;
45. Featherly, "TV's Threat Gets Bigger on the Web."
46. Wolfram Peiser, "Cohort Replacement and the Downward Trend in Newspaper Readership," Newspaper Research Journal 21 (spring 2000): 11-22.
47. Shoemaker, "Media Treatment of Deviant Political Groups."
48. McLeod and Hertog, "The Manufacture of Public Opinion by Reporters."
49. We used two checks to ensure the appropriateness of Pearson's r for these data. First, lag correlations were run testing for autocorrelation. The data indicate that autocorrelation is not a concern for either of the key dependent variables. Second, checks for seasonal influences were run by day of the month and month of the year. No significant or discernable patterns emerged suggesting there is not a seasonal effect on the measures of level of deviance, or headline and article valence.
50. David Maranis, They Marched Into Sunlight: War and Peace, Vietnam and America, October 1967 (NY: Simon & Schuster, 2003).
51. Mark Fishman, Manufacturing the News (Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 1980).