메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 19, Issue 4-6, 2005, Pages 235-255

Non-human primates in medical research and drug development: A critical review

Author keywords

Animal; Monkeys; NHP; Primates

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ALZHEIMER DISEASE VACCINE; AMRINONE; BENOXAPROFEN; CARBENOXOLONE; HORMONE; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS VACCINE; IMATINIB; INDOPROFEN; ISOPRENALINE; LEVODOPA; NUCLEOSIDE ANALOG; POLIOMYELITIS VACCINE; PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; THALIDOMIDE;

EID: 29444441457     PISSN: 01688561     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/156939105774647385     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (42)

References (91)
  • 1
    • 29444450212 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of current trends with particular reference to regulatory toxicology
    • Animal Procedures Committee (2002). The use of primates under the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act
    • Animal Procedures Committee (2002). The use of primates under the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act (1986). Analysis of current trends with particular reference to regulatory toxicology.
    • (1986)
  • 2
    • 0038271888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative sequencing of human and chimpanzee MHC class I regions unveils insertions/deletions as the major path to genomic divergence
    • Anzai, T., et al. (2003). Comparative sequencing of human and chimpanzee MHC class I regions unveils insertions/deletions as the major path to genomic divergence, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100, 7708-7713.
    • (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.100 , pp. 7708-7713
    • Anzai, T.1
  • 3
    • 21344475387 scopus 로고
    • The ethical socialization of animal researchers
    • (June)
    • Arluke, A. (1994). The ethical socialization of animal researchers, Lab. Animals (June), 30-35.
    • (1994) Lab. Animals , pp. 30-35
    • Arluke, A.1
  • 4
    • 21344468371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The future of teratology research is in vitro
    • Bailey, J., Knight, A. and Balcombe, J. (2005). The future of teratology research is in vitro, Biogenic Amines 19, 97-145.
    • (2005) Biogenic Amines , vol.19 , pp. 97-145
    • Bailey, J.1    Knight, A.2    Balcombe, J.3
  • 5
    • 0023578840 scopus 로고
    • Combined (thalamotomy and stimulation) stereotactic surgery of the VIM thalamic nucleus for bilateral Parkinson disease
    • Benabid, A. L., Pollak, P., Louveau, A., Henry, S. and de Rougemont, J. (1987). Combined (thalamotomy and stimulation) stereotactic surgery of the VIM thalamic nucleus for bilateral Parkinson disease, Appl. Neurophysiol. 50, 344-346.
    • (1987) Appl. Neurophysiol. , vol.50 , pp. 344-346
    • Benabid, A.L.1    Pollak, P.2    Louveau, A.3    Henry, S.4    de Rougemont, J.5
  • 6
    • 0024551113 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of Parkinson tremor by chronic stimulation of the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus
    • (in French)
    • Benabid, A. L., Pollak, P., Hommel, M., Gaio, J. M., de Rougemont, J. and Perret, J. (1989). Treatment of Parkinson tremor by chronic stimulation of the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus, Rev. Neurol. (Paris) 145, 320-323 (in French).
    • (1989) Rev. Neurol. (Paris) , vol.145 , pp. 320-323
    • Benabid, A.L.1    Pollak, P.2    Hommel, M.3    Gaio, J.M.4    de Rougemont, J.5    Perret, J.6
  • 7
    • 0011583109 scopus 로고
    • A live-virus AIDS vaccine?
    • Bolognesi, D. P. (1994). A live-virus AIDS vaccine? J. NIH Res. 6, 59-62.
    • (1994) J. NIH Res. , vol.6 , pp. 59-62
    • Bolognesi, D.P.1
  • 8
    • 15344343495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Use of Non-Human Primates in Research and Testing
    • Boyd Group Papers
    • Boyd Group Papers (2002). The Use of Non-Human Primates in Research and Testing, http://www.boyd-group.demon.co.uk.
    • (2002)
  • 9
    • 29444445763 scopus 로고
    • Risk-Benefit Analysis in Drug Research, Proceedings of an International Symposium Held at the University of Kent at Canterbury
    • England, 1980, Cavalla, J. F. (Ed.) Society for Drug Research, Great Britain
    • Brimblecombe, R. (1981). In: Risk-Benefit Analysis in Drug Research, Proceedings of an International Symposium Held at the University of Kent at Canterbury, England, 1980, Cavalla, J. F. (Ed.), p. 153. Society for Drug Research, Great Britain.
    • (1981) , pp. 153
    • Brimblecombe, R.1
  • 10
    • 29444457171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • British Association for Tissue Banking website
    • British Association for Tissue Banking website: http://www.batb.org.uk/
  • 11
    • 79956584700 scopus 로고
    • Species differences in metabolism and their toxicological significance
    • Caldwell, J. (1992). Species differences in metabolism and their toxicological significance, Toxicol. Lett. 64, 106.
    • (1992) Toxicol. Lett. , vol.64 , pp. 106
    • Caldwell, J.1
  • 12
    • 29444442070 scopus 로고
    • Continuing toxicologic reassessment of isoprenaline aerosols
    • Carson, S., Scheimbe, J., Mackars, A. and Vogin, E. E. (1971). Continuing toxicologic reassessment of isoprenaline aerosols, Pharmacologist 13, 272.
    • (1971) Pharmacologist , vol.13 , pp. 272
    • Carson, S.1    Scheimbe, J.2    Mackars, A.3    Vogin, E.E.4
  • 13
    • 0034001402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative in vitro metabolism of indinavir in primates - A unique stereoselective hydroxylation in monkeys
    • Chiba, M., et al. (2000). Comparative in vitro metabolism of indinavir in primates - a unique stereoselective hydroxylation in monkeys, Xenobiotica 30, 117-129.
    • (2000) Xenobiotica , vol.30 , pp. 117-129
    • Chiba, M.1
  • 16
    • 0033987746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lessons learned from the development of an Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor for chronic myelogenous leukaemia
    • Druker, B. J. and Lydon, N. B. (2000). Lessons learned from the development of an Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor for chronic myelogenous leukaemia, J. Clin. Invest. 105, 3-7.
    • (2000) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.105 , pp. 3-7
    • Druker, B.J.1    Lydon, N.B.2
  • 17
    • 0029947186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a selective inhibitor of the Abl tyrosine kinase on the growth of Bcr-Abl positive cells
    • Druker, B. J., Tamura, S., Buchdunger, E., et al. (1996). Effects of a selective inhibitor of the Abl tyrosine kinase on the growth of Bcr-Abl positive cells, Nature Med. 2, 561-566.
    • (1996) Nature Med. , vol.2 , pp. 561-566
    • Druker, B.J.1    Tamura, S.2    Buchdunger, E.3
  • 18
    • 29444437377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Censored: Faculty who oppose vivisection
    • (April), www.zmag.org
    • Dunayer, J. (2005). Censored: Faculty who oppose vivisection, Z Magazine (April) 57-60, www.zmag.org
    • (2005) Z Magazine , pp. 57-60
    • Dunayer, J.1
  • 19
    • 29444447066 scopus 로고
    • The effect of amrinone on platelets - Cause and significance
    • Eason, C. T., et al. (1987). The effect of amrinone on platelets - cause and significance, Human Toxicol. 6, 436.
    • (1987) Human Toxicol. , vol.6 , pp. 436
    • Eason, C.T.1
  • 20
    • 0025104012 scopus 로고
    • The importance of pharmacokinetic and receptor studies in drug safety evaluation
    • Eason, C. T., et al. (1990). The importance of pharmacokinetic and receptor studies in drug safety evaluation, Regulat. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 11, 288-307.
    • (1990) Regulat. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , vol.11 , pp. 288-307
    • Eason, C.T.1
  • 21
    • 29444452535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emory University Health Sciences Center press release, 13 October
    • Emory University Health Sciences Center press release, 13 October 2003.
    • (2003)
  • 22
    • 0037066542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intra- and interspecific variation in primate gene expression patterns
    • Enard, W., Khaitovich, P. and Klose, J., et al. (2002). Intra- and interspecific variation in primate gene expression patterns, Science 296, 340-343.
    • (2002) Science , vol.296 , pp. 340-343
    • Enard, W.1    Khaitovich, P.2    Klose, J.3
  • 23
    • 22544460465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Position paper on non-clinical safety studies to support clinical trials with a single microdose
    • European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (EMEA) CPMP/SWP/2599/02
    • European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (EMEA) (2003). Position paper on non-clinical safety studies to support clinical trials with a single microdose. CPMP/SWP/2599/02.
    • (2003)
  • 25
    • 0345007767 scopus 로고
    • Basic Books, Harper Collins, London
    • Gallo, R. (1991). Virus Hunting. Basic Books, Harper Collins, London.
    • (1991) Virus Hunting
    • Gallo, R.1
  • 26
    • 0026795493 scopus 로고
    • Benzopyranones and benzothiopyranones: A class of tyrosine protein kinase inhibitors with selectivity for the v-abl kinase
    • Geissler, J. F., Roesel, J. L., Meyer, T., et al. (1992). Benzopyranones and benzothiopyranones: a class of tyrosine protein kinase inhibitors with selectivity for the v-abl kinase, Cancer Research 52, 4492-4498.
    • (1992) Cancer Research , vol.52 , pp. 4492-4498
    • Geissler, J.F.1    Roesel, J.L.2    Meyer, T.3
  • 27
    • 0026086604 scopus 로고
    • Animals in biomedical research: The undermining effect of the rhetoric of the besieged
    • Gluck, J. P. and Kubacki, S. R. (1991). Animals in biomedical research: the undermining effect of the rhetoric of the besieged, Ethics and Behavior 1, 157-173.
    • (1991) Ethics and Behavior , vol.1 , pp. 157-173
    • Gluck, J.P.1    Kubacki, S.R.2
  • 28
    • 4944254101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breast cancer and hormone-replacement therapy: The Million Women Study
    • Gray, S. (2003). Breast cancer and hormone-replacement therapy: The Million Women Study, Lancet 362, 1332.
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.362 , pp. 1332
    • Gray, S.1
  • 29
    • 1642282158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First dose of potential new medicines to humans: How animals help
    • Greaves, P., Williams, A. and Eve, M. (2004). First dose of potential new medicines to humans: how animals help, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 3, 226-236.
    • (2004) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery , vol.3 , pp. 226-236
    • Greaves, P.1    Williams, A.2    Eve, M.3
  • 31
    • 0035500619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome of the apes
    • Hacia, J. G. (2001). Genome of the apes, Trends in Genetics 17, 637-645.
    • (2001) Trends in Genetics , vol.17 , pp. 637-645
    • Hacia, J.G.1
  • 32
    • 0032213625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling dopamine system dysfunction in experimental animals
    • Hantraye, P. (1998). Modeling dopamine system dysfunction in experimental animals, Nuclear Med. Biol. 25, 721-728.
    • (1998) Nuclear Med. Biol. , vol.25 , pp. 721-728
    • Hantraye, P.1
  • 33
    • 29444441547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • More compounds failing phase I. FDA chief warns that high drug attrition rate is pushing up the cost of drug development
    • (6 August)
    • Harding, A. (2004). More compounds failing phase I. FDA chief warns that high drug attrition rate is pushing up the cost of drug development, The Scientist (6 August).
    • (2004) The Scientist
    • Harding, A.1
  • 34
    • 0001936586 scopus 로고
    • Clinical toxicity - Could it have been predicted?
    • Lumley, C. E. and Walker, S. R. (Eds), Quay, Lancaster, UK
    • Heywood, R. (1990). Clinical toxicity - could it have been predicted? In: Animal Toxicity Studies: Their Relevance for Man, Lumley, C. E. and Walker, S. R. (Eds), pp. 57-67. Quay, Lancaster, UK.
    • (1990) Animal Toxicity Studies: Their Relevance for Man , pp. 57-67
    • Heywood, R.1
  • 35
    • 0034899540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ADMET - Turning chemicals into drugs
    • Hodgson, J. (2001). ADMET - turning chemicals into drugs, Nature Biotechnol. 19, 722-726.
    • (2001) Nature Biotechnol. , vol.19 , pp. 722-726
    • Hodgson, J.1
  • 36
    • 29444448753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Home Office Primates Stakeholder Forum Rapporteur's Report. Website
    • Home Office Primates Stakeholder Forum (2004): Rapporteur's Report. Website: http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/docs4/apc_non_human_primates.pdf
    • (2004)
  • 37
    • 29444458305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • House of Lords Select Committee on Animals in Scientific Procedures HL150-I, 16 July
    • House of Lords Select Committee on Animals in Scientific Procedures (2002). HL150-I, 16 July.
    • (2002)
  • 38
    • 0033667394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A modified transorbital baboon model of reperfused stroke
    • Huang, J., et al. (2000). A modified transorbital baboon model of reperfused stroke, Stroke 31, 3054-3063.
    • (2000) Stroke , vol.31 , pp. 3054-3063
    • Huang, J.1
  • 39
    • 29444450036 scopus 로고
    • UR researchers refused to debate
    • Democrat and Chronicle, Rochester, NY, July 19
    • Kaufman, S. R. (1991). UR researchers refused to debate, Democrat and Chronicle, Rochester, NY, July 19.
    • (1991)
    • Kaufman, S.R.1
  • 40
    • 0028240269 scopus 로고
    • Animal protection and medical science
    • [letter]
    • Kaufman, S. R. (1994). Animal protection and medical science [letter], Lancet 343, 1574.
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.343 , pp. 1574
    • Kaufman, S.R.1
  • 42
    • 0033046367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relative resistance of HIV type 1-infected chimpanzees to AIDS correlates with the maintenance of follicular architecture and the absence of infiltration by CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes
    • Koopman, G., et al. (1999). The relative resistance of HIV type 1-infected chimpanzees to AIDS correlates with the maintenance of follicular architecture and the absence of infiltration by CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes, AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 15, 365-373.
    • (1999) AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses , vol.15 , pp. 365-373
    • Koopman, G.1
  • 43
    • 0035235411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The chimpanzee model of hepatitis C virus infections
    • Lanford, R. E., Bigger, C., Bassett, S. and Kimpel, G. (2001). The chimpanzee model of hepatitis C virus infections, ILAR Journal 42, 117-126.
    • (2001) ILAR Journal , vol.42 , pp. 117-126
    • Lanford, R.E.1    Bigger, C.2    Bassett, S.3    Kimpel, G.4
  • 44
    • 0032522873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients: A meta-analysis of prospective studies
    • Lazarou, J., Pomeranz, B. H. and Corey, P. N. (1998). Incidence of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients: A meta-analysis of prospective studies, J. Amer. Med. Assocn. 279, 1200-1205.
    • (1998) J. Amer. Med. Assocn. , vol.279 , pp. 1200-1205
    • Lazarou, J.1    Pomeranz, B.H.2    Corey, P.N.3
  • 45
    • 0030612191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Models to study the role of neurotrophic factors in neurodegeneration
    • Lindholm, D. (1997). Models to study the role of neurotrophic factors in neurodegeneration, J. Neural Transm. Suppl. 49, 33-42.
    • (1997) J. Neural Transm. Suppl. , vol.49 , pp. 33-42
    • Lindholm, D.1
  • 47
    • 0025265494 scopus 로고
    • An E. coli expression system for the rapid purification and characterization of a v-abl tyrosine protein kinase
    • Lydon, N. B., Adams, B., Poschet, J. F., et al. (1990). An E. coli expression system for the rapid purification and characterization of a v-abl tyrosine protein kinase, Oncogene Research 5, 161-173.
    • (1990) Oncogene Research , vol.5 , pp. 161-173
    • Lydon, N.B.1    Adams, B.2    Poschet, J.F.3
  • 48
    • 0033992663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of hepatitic C infectious clones in chimpanzees
    • Major, M. E. and Feinstone, S. M. (2000). Characteristics of hepatitic C infectious clones in chimpanzees, Curr. Topics Microbiol. Immunol. 242, 279-298.
    • (2000) Curr. Topics Microbiol. Immunol. , vol.242 , pp. 279-298
    • Major, M.E.1    Feinstone, S.M.2
  • 50
    • 0034640230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene thereapy on trial
    • Marshall, E. (2000). Gene thereapy on trial, Science 288, 951-957.
    • (2000) Science , vol.288 , pp. 951-957
    • Marshall, E.1
  • 51
    • 0001707601 scopus 로고
    • 3′-Azido-3′deoxythymidine (BW A509U): An antiviral agent that inhibits the infectivity and cytopathic effect of human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus in vitro
    • Mitsuya, H., Weinhold, K. J., Furman, P. A., et al. (1985). 3′-Azido-3′deoxythymidine (BW A509U): an antiviral agent that inhibits the infectivity and cytopathic effect of human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus in vitro, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 82, 7096-7100.
    • (1985) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.82 , pp. 7096-7100
    • Mitsuya, H.1    Weinhold, K.J.2    Furman, P.A.3
  • 52
    • 0032430457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Galanin expression within the basal forebrain in Alzheimer's disease. Comments on therapeutic potential
    • Mufson, E. J., Kahl, U., Bowser, R., Mash, D. C., Kordower, J. H. and Deecher, D. C. (1998). Galanin expression within the basal forebrain in Alzheimer's disease. Comments on therapeutic potential, Ann. N Y Acad. Sci. 863, 291-304.
    • (1998) Ann. N Y Acad. Sci. , vol.863 , pp. 291-304
    • Mufson, E.J.1    Kahl, U.2    Bowser, R.3    Mash, D.C.4    Kordower, J.H.5    Deecher, D.C.6
  • 53
    • 0034283220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The chimpanzee and other non-human-primate models in HIV-1 vaccine research
    • Nath, B. M., et al. (2000). The chimpanzee and other non-human-primate models in HIV-1 vaccine research, Trends Microbiol. 8, 426-431.
    • (2000) Trends Microbiol. , vol.8 , pp. 426-431
    • Nath, B.M.1
  • 54
    • 0024670623 scopus 로고
    • Clinical relevance of stroke models
    • Neff, S. (1989). Clinical relevance of stroke models, Stroke 20, 699-701.
    • (1989) Stroke , vol.20 , pp. 699-701
    • Neff, S.1
  • 55
    • 29444448900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NHP Study website
    • NHP Study website: http://www.nhpstudy.com/call_for_evidence.pdf
  • 57
    • 24944550470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Ethics of Research Involving Animals
    • Nuffield Council on Bioethics
    • Nuffield Council on Bioethics (2005). The Ethics of Research Involving Animals, http://www.nuffieldbioethics.org.
    • (2005)
  • 58
    • 0033771951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concordance of the toxicity of pharmaceuticals in humans and animals
    • Olson, H., et al. (2000). Concordance of the toxicity of pharmaceuticals in humans and animals, Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 32, 56-67.
    • (2000) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , vol.32 , pp. 56-67
    • Olson, H.1
  • 59
    • 24644516435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of using human-based models in gene and drug discovery
    • [Personal communication from professional statistician]
    • Palfreyman, M. G., Charles, V. and Blander, J. (2002). The importance of using human-based models in gene and drug discovery, Drug Discovery World, 33-40, [Personal communication from professional statistician].
    • (2002) Drug Discovery World , pp. 33-40
    • Palfreyman, M.G.1    Charles, V.2    Blander, J.3
  • 60
    • 29444451825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmagene website (Active programmes)
    • Pharmagene website: http://www.pharmagene.com/ (Active programmes).
  • 61
    • 0025268321 scopus 로고
    • Rational design of peptide-based HIV proteinase inhibitors
    • Roberts, N. A., Martin, J. A., Kinchington, D., et al. (1990). Rational design of peptide-based HIV proteinase inhibitors, Science 248, 358-361.
    • (1990) Science , vol.248 , pp. 358-361
    • Roberts, N.A.1    Martin, J.A.2    Kinchington, D.3
  • 62
    • 0034520998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B and C in the liver transplant recipient
    • Rosenk, H. R. and Martin, P. (2000). Hepatitis B and C in the liver transplant recipient, Seminars Liver Dis. 20, 465-480.
    • (2000) Seminars Liver Dis. , vol.20 , pp. 465-480
    • Rosenk, H.R.1    Martin, P.2
  • 64
    • 8644260838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative primate genomics: The year of the chimpanzee
    • Ruvolo, M. (2004). Comparative primate genomics: the year of the chimpanzee, Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 14, 650-656.
    • (2004) Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. , vol.14 , pp. 650-656
    • Ruvolo, M.1
  • 65
    • 29444438123 scopus 로고
    • Statement before the Subcommittee on Hospitals and Health Care, Committee on Veterans Affairs, House of Representatives, April 26, serial no. 98-48
    • Sabin, A. (1984). Statement before the Subcommittee on Hospitals and Health Care, Committee on Veterans Affairs, House of Representatives, April 26, serial no. 98-48.
    • (1984)
    • Sabin, A.1
  • 67
    • 0014709310 scopus 로고
    • The evaluation of anticancer drugs in dogs and monkeys for the prediction of qualitative toxicities in man
    • Schein, P. S., Davis, R. D., Carter, S., Newman, J., Schein, D. R. and Rall, D. P. (1970). The evaluation of anticancer drugs in dogs and monkeys for the prediction of qualitative toxicities in man, Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 11, 3-40.
    • (1970) Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. , vol.11 , pp. 3-40
    • Schein, P.S.1    Davis, R.D.2    Carter, S.3    Newman, J.4    Schein, D.R.5    Rall, D.P.6
  • 68
    • 0001650127 scopus 로고
    • Human immunodeficiency virus has an aspartic-type protease that can be inhibited by pepstatin A
    • Seelmeier, S., et al. (1988). Human immunodeficiency virus has an aspartic-type protease that can be inhibited by pepstatin A, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci, USA 85, 6612-6616.
    • (1988) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci, USA , vol.85 , pp. 6612-6616
    • Seelmeier, S.1
  • 69
    • 0035235731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonhuman primates: A critical role in current disease research
    • Sibal, L. R. and Samson, K. J. (2001). Nonhuman primates: A critical role in current disease research, ILAR Joumal 42, 74-84.
    • (2001) ILAR Joumal , vol.42 , pp. 74-84
    • Sibal, L.R.1    Samson, K.J.2
  • 70
    • 25144452570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AIDS vaccine researchers turn from chimps to monkeys
    • August 16th
    • Smaglik, P. (1999). AIDS vaccine researchers turn from chimps to monkeys, The Scientist 13, 7, August 16th.
    • (1999) The Scientist , vol.13 , pp. 7
    • Smaglik, P.1
  • 71
    • 0035064882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The selection of marmoset monkeys, Callithrix jacchus, in pharmaceutical toxicology
    • Smith, D., Trennery, P., Farningham, D. and Klapwijk, J. (2001). The selection of marmoset monkeys, Callithrix jacchus, in pharmaceutical toxicology, Laboratory Animals 35, 117-130.
    • (2001) Laboratory Animals , vol.35 , pp. 117-130
    • Smith, D.1    Trennery, P.2    Farningham, D.3    Klapwijk, J.4
  • 73
    • 0025866982 scopus 로고
    • Anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1) activity and in vitro toxicity of 2′-deoxy-3′-thiacytidine (BCH 189), a novel heterocyclic nucleoside analog
    • Soudeyns, H., Yao, X.-J., Gao, Q., et al. (1991). Anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1) activity and in vitro toxicity of 2′-deoxy-3′-thiacytidine (BCH 189), a novel heterocyclic nucleoside analog, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapeutics 35, 1386-1390.
    • (1991) Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapeutics , vol.35 , pp. 1386-1390
    • Soudeyns, H.1    Yao, X.-J.2    Gao, Q.3
  • 75
    • 0033536110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's disease. Antibody clears senile plaques
    • St. George-Hyslop, P. H. and Westaway, D. A. (1999). Alzheimer's disease. Antibody clears senile plaques, Nature 400, 116-117.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.400 , pp. 116-117
    • St. George-Hyslop, P.H.1    Westaway, D.A.2
  • 76
    • 0000676441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Companies halt first Alzheimer vaccine trial
    • April 1st
    • Steinberg, D. (2002). Companies halt first Alzheimer vaccine trial, The Scientist 16, 22, April 1st.
    • (2002) The Scientist , vol.16 , pp. 22
    • Steinberg, D.1
  • 77
    • 0028960752 scopus 로고
    • Assessing animal models of AIDS
    • Stott, J. and Almond, N. (1995). Assessing animal models of AIDS, Nature Medicine 1, 295-297.
    • (1995) Nature Medicine , vol.1 , pp. 295-297
    • Stott, J.1    Almond, N.2
  • 79
    • 29444441546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UK Human Tissue Bank website
    • UK Human Tissue Bank website: http://www.ukhtb.org
  • 80
    • 29444447251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Food and Drug Administration website
    • US Food and Drug Administration website: http://www.fda.gov/oc/initiatives/criticalpath/whitepaper.html
  • 81
    • 0028222149 scopus 로고
    • L-735,524: An orally bioavailable human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitor
    • Vacca, J. P., et al. (1994). L-735,524: an orally bioavailable human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitor, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, USA 91, 4096-4011.
    • (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, USA , vol.91 , pp. 4011-4096
    • Vacca, J.P.1
  • 82
    • 2642575083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA sequence and comparative analysis of chimpanzee chromosome 22
    • Watanabe, H., et al. (2004). DNA sequence and comparative analysis of chimpanzee chromosome 22, Nature 429, 382-388.
    • (2004) Nature , vol.429 , pp. 382-388
    • Watanabe, H.1
  • 83
    • 0028207051 scopus 로고
    • Animal protection and medical science
    • Wiebers, D. O., Leaning, J. and White, R. D. (1994). Animal protection and medical science, Lancet 343, 902-904.
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.343 , pp. 902-904
    • Wiebers, D.O.1    Leaning, J.2    White, R.D.3
  • 84
    • 0025141697 scopus 로고
    • Animal models of stroke: Are they relevant to human disease?
    • Wiebers, D. O., Adams, H. P. Jr. and Whisnant, J. P. (1990a). Animal models of stroke: are they relevant to human disease? Stroke 21, 1-3.
    • (1990) Stroke , vol.21 , pp. 1-3
    • Wiebers, D.O.1    Adams Jr., H.P.2    Whisnant, J.P.3
  • 85
    • 0025287297 scopus 로고
    • Prospective comparison of a cohort with asymptomatic carotid bruit and a population-based cohort without carotid bruit
    • Wiebers, D. O., Whisnant, J. P., Sandok, B. A. and O'Fallon, W. M. (1990b). Prospective comparison of a cohort with asymptomatic carotid bruit and a population-based cohort without carotid bruit, Stroke 21, 984-988.
    • (1990) Stroke , vol.21 , pp. 984-988
    • Wiebers, D.O.1    Whisnant, J.P.2    Sandok, B.A.3    O'Fallon, W.M.4
  • 86
    • 29444459577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV vaccine hopes still high
    • 8 March
    • Wilson, C. (2003). HIV vaccine hopes still high, New Scientist 2385, 8 March.
    • (2003) New Scientist , vol.2385
    • Wilson, C.1
  • 87
    • 0026596833 scopus 로고
    • The use of SIV-infected rhesus monkeys for the preclinical evaluation of AIDS drugs and vaccines
    • Wyand, M. S. (1992). The use of SIV-infected rhesus monkeys for the preclinical evaluation of AIDS drugs and vaccines, AIDS Res. Human Retroviruses 8, 349-356.
    • (1992) AIDS Res. Human Retroviruses , vol.8 , pp. 349-356
    • Wyand, M.S.1
  • 88
    • 29444456209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Xceleron website
    • Xceleron website: http://www.xceleron.co.uk/metadot/ index.pl?id=2224&isa=Newsitem&op=show
  • 89
    • 29444432202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's vaccine trial suspended
    • 22 January
    • Young, E. (2002). Alzheimer's vaccine trial suspended, The New Scientist, 22 January.
    • (2002) The New Scientist
    • Young, E.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.