Odor and other air quality issues associated with organic and inorganic by-products

Land Application of Agricultural, Industrial, and Municipal By-Products

Volumn , Issue , 2018, Pages 289-314

  Millner, Patricia D ^a   McConnell, Laura L ^b  

^a AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE   (United States)

^b AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE   (United States)

Author keywords

Air quality; By product handling; Chemical compounds; Electronic nose; Gaseous pollutants; Land application; Odor; Organic by product processing; Particulates

Indexed keywords

EID: 2942754898     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.2136/sssabookser6.c9     Document Type: Chapter

References (91)

1. Amoore, J.E., and E. Hautala. 1983. Odor as an aid to chemical safety: Odor thresholds compared with threshold limit values and volatilities for 214 industrial chemicals in air and water dilution. J. Appl. Toxicol. 3:272-290.
2. American Society of Testing Materials. 1968. Basic principles of sensory evaluation. ASTM Spec. Tech. Publ. no. 433. ASTM, Philadelphia, PA.
3. American Society of Testing Materials. 1986. Standard test methods for measurement of odor in at-mospheres (dilution method). D1291-78. Annual book of standards. Vol. 11.5. ASTM, Philadel-phia, PA.
4. American Society of Testing Materials. 1989. Standard recommended practices for referencing supra-threshold odor intensity. E544-75(88). Annual book of standards. Vol. 11.5. ASTM, Philadel-phia, PA.
5. American Society of Testing Materials. 1991. Standard practice for determination of odor and taste thresh-olds by a forced-choice ascending concentration series methods of limits. E679-91. Annual book of standards. Vol. 11.5. ASTM, Philadelphia, PA.
6. Bailey, T.P., and R.V. Hammond. 1995. Applications for an electronic aroma detector in the analysis of beer and raw materials. J Am. Soc. Brew. Chem. 53:39-42.
7. Banwart, W.L., and J.M. Bremner. 1975. Identification of sulphur gases evolved from animal manures. J. Environ. Qual. 4:363-366.
8. Barth, C.L., L.F. Elliot, and S.W. Melvin. 1984. Using odor control technology to support animal agri-culture. Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. 27:859-864.
9. Berglund, B., U. Berglund, and T. Lindvall. 1988. Quality assurance in olfactometry, p. 12-25. In N.C. Nielsen et al. (ed.) Volatile emissions from livestock farming and sewage operations. Elsevier Appl. Sci. Publ., New York.
10. Borjesson, T., T. Eklov, A. Jonsson, H. Sundgren, and J. Schnurer. 1996. Electronic nose for odor clas-sification of grains. Cer. Chem. 73:457-461.
11. Bowker, R.P.G., J.M. Smith, and N.A. Webster. 1989. Odor and corrosion control in sanitary sewerage systems and treatment plants. Noyes Data Corp., Park Ridge, NJ.
12. Breer, H. 1997. Sense of smell: Signal recognition and transduction in olfactometry receptor neurons, p. 521-532. In E. Kress-Rogers (ed.) Handbook of biosensors and electronic noses: Medicine, food, and the environment. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
13. Bruvold, W.H., S.M. Rappaport, T.C. Wu, B.E. Bulmer, C.E. DeGrange, and J.M. Kooler. 1983. De-termination of nuisance odor in a community. J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. 53:229-233.
14. Bruvold, W.H. 1970. Laboratory panel estimation of consumer assessments of taste and flavor. J. Appl. Psychol. 54:326-331.
15. Bulley, N.R., and D. Phillips. 1980. Sensory evaluation of agricultural odors: A critical review. Can. Agric. Eng. 22:107-112.
16. Bundy, D.S., Q. Liu, and S.J. Hoff. 1993. An olfactometer for livestock odor measurement. Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. Pap. 934522. ASAE, St. Joseph, MI
17. Buonicore, A. J., and W.T. Davis (ed.) 1992. Air pollution engineering manual. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., New York.
18. Burnett, W.E. 1969. Air pollution from animal wastes. Determination of malodors by gas chromato-graphic and organoleptic techniques. Environ. Sci. Technol. 3:744-749.
19. Carney, P.G., and V.A. Dodd. 1989. The measurement of agricultural malodours. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 43:197-200.
20. Chow, J.C. 1995. Measurement methods to determine compliance with ambient air quality standards for suspended particles. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 45:320-382.
21. Diosey, P.G. 1996. Odor dispersion modeling-which models to use, how they work, what to expect, p. 373-383. In C.M. McGinley and J.R. Swanson (ed.) Odors: Indoor and environmental air. Pittsburgh, PA..
22. Dravnieks, A. 1985. Atlas of odor character profiles. Sect. E-18.04.12, Odor Profiling of Subcomm. E-18.04, Instrument.-Sensory Relation., ASTM, Philadelphia, PA.
23. Dravnieks, A., and W.H. Prokop. 1975. Source emission odor measurement by a dynamic forced-choice triangle olfactometer. J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc. 25:28-35.
24. Dravnieks, A., W.H. Prokop, and W.R. Boehme. 1978. Measurement of ambient odors using dynamic forced-choice triangle olfactometer J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc. 28:1124-1130.
25. Epstein, E., G.B. Willson, W.D. Burge, D.C. Mullen, andN.K. Enkiri. 1976. A forced aeration system for composting wastewater sludge. J. Water Poll. Control. Fed. 48:688-694.
26. Federal Register. 1997. National ambient air quality standards for particulate matter. 62(138):38 651-38 701.
27. Gamey, P.B., and V.A. Dodd. 1989. The measurement of agricultural malodors. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 43:197-209.
28. Glenn, R.E., and B.F. Craft. 1986. Air sampling for particulates, p. 69-82. In J.A. Merchant (ed.) Oc-cupational respiratory diseases. DHHS (NIOSH) Publ. 86-102. U.S. Gov. Print. Office, Wash-ington, DC.
29. Grate, J.W., M.H. Abraham, and R.A. McGill. 1997. Sorbent polymer materials for chemical sensors and arrays, p. 593-612. In E. Kress-Rogers (ed.) Handbook of biosensors and electronic noses: Medicine, food, and the environment. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
30. Hammond, E.G., and R.J. Smith. 1981. Survey of some molecularly dispersed odorous constituents in swine-house air. Iowa State J. Res. 55:393-399.
31. Hammond, E.G., C. Fedler, and G. Junk. 1979. Identification of dust-borne odours in swine confine-ment facilities. Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. 22(5): 1186-1192.
32. Hammond E.G., C. Fedler, and R.J. Smith. 1981. Analysis of particle-borne swine house odours. Agric. Environ. 6:395-401.
33. Hangartner, M. 1988. Odour measurement and assessment of odour annoyance in Switzerland, p. 26-37. In V.C. Nielsen et al. (ed.) Volatile emissions from livestock farming and sewage oper-ations. Elsevier Appl. Sci. Publ., New York.
34. Hartung, J. 1988. Sampling of odourous air for olfactometric measurement, p. 44-51. In V.C. Nielsen et al. (ed.) Odour prevention and control of organic sludge and livestock farming. Elsevier Appl. Sci. Publ., New York.
35. Hartung, J., and H.G. Hilliger. 1980. Odour characterisation in animal houses by gas chromatographic analysis on the basis of low temperature sorption, p. 561-578. In J.K.R. Gasser (ed.) Effluents from livestock. Elsevier Appl. Sci. Publishers, London.
36. Haug, R.T. 1990. An essay on the elements of odor management. Biocycle. October, p. 60-67.
37. Hentz, L.H., C.M. Murray, J.L. Thompson, L.L. Gasner, and J.B. Dunson Jr. 1992. Odor control research at the Montgomery Country Regional Composting Facility. Water Environ. Res 64:13-18.
38. Jarvis, S.C., and B.F. Pain. 1990. Ammonia volatilization from agricultural land. Proc. 298. Fert. Soc., Peterborough, UK.
39. Jones, M., P.J. Watts, and R.J. Smith. 1994. A mobile dynamic olfactometer for feedlot odor studies. Appl. Eng. Agric. 10:417-423.
40. Kowalewsky, H.H., R. Scheu, and H. Vetter. 1980. Measurement of odour emissions and immissions, p. 609-626. In J.K.R. Gasser (ed.) Effluents from livestock. Elsevier Appl. Sci. Publ., London.
41. Leonardos, G., D. Kendall, and N. Barnard. 1969. Odor threshold determination of 53 odorant chemi-cals. Air Pollut. Control. Assoc. 19:91-95.
42. Leson, G., and A.M. Winer. 1991. Biofiltration: an innovative air pollution control technology for VOC emissions. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 41:1045-1054.
43. Lue-Hing, C., D.R. Zenz, and R. Kuchenrither. 1992. Municipal sludge management-processing, uti-lization and disposal. Water Qual. Manage. Libr. Vol. 4. Technom. Publ. Co., Inc., Lancaster, PA.
44. McFarland, A.R., J.E. Sorel, R.O. Gauntt, and J.M. Sweeten. 1982. Design of a 1-butanol scale dynamic olfactometer for ambient odor measurement. ASAE Microfiche-Collect, fiche no. 82-3085. ASE, St. Joseph, ML
45. Miedema, H.M.E., and J.M. Ham. 1988. Odour annoyance in residential areas. Atmos. Environ. 2:2501-2507.
46. Mejer, G.J. 1988. Measurements of the olfactometric efficiency of various odour control devices in ren-dering plants, p. 222-226. In V.C. Nielsen et al. (ed.) Odour prevention and control of organic sludge and livestock farming. Elsevier Appl. Sci. Publ., New York.
47. Millner, P.D., S.A. Olenchock, E. Epstein, R. Rylander, J. Haines, J. Walker, B.L. Ooi, E. Home, and M. Maritato. 1994. Bioaerosols associated with composting facilities. Compost Sci. Utiliz. 2:4-55.
48. Miner, J.R., and T.E. Hazen. 1969. Ammonia and amines: Components of swine building odors. Trans. Amer. Soc. Agric. Eng. 12: 772-774.
49. Miner, J.R., M.D. Kelly, and A.W. Anderson. 1975. Identification and measurement of volatile com-pounds within a swine building and measurement of ammonia evolution rates of manure-cov-ered surfaces, p. 351-353. In Managing livestock wastes. Proc. 3rd Int. Symp. Livestock Wastes, Univ. Illinois, Urbana. 21-24 April. ASAE, St. Joseph, ML
50. Miranda-Lopez, R., L.M. Libbey, B.T. Watson, and M.R. McDaniel. 1992. Odor analysis of Pinot noir wines from grapes of different maturities by a gas chromatography-olfactometry technique (Osme). J. Food Sci. Off. Publ. Inst. Food Technol. 57:985-993.
51. Misselbrook, T.H., P.J. Hobbs, and K.C. Persaud. 1997. Use of an electronic nose to measure odour con-centration following application of cattle slurry to grassland. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 66:213-220.
52. Misselbrook, T.H., C.R. Clarkson, and B.F. Pain. 1993. Relationship between concentration and inten-sity of odours for pig slurry and broiler houses. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 55:163-169.
53. National Research Council. 1979. Odors from stationary and mobile sources. NAS, Washington, DC.
54. Nicolai, R.E., and K.A. Janni. 1997. Development of a low cost biofilter on swine production facilities. ASAE Pap. 97-4040. ASAE, St. Joseph, ML
55. Nielsen, V.C., J.H. Vborburg, and P. L'Hermite (ed.). 1986. Odour prevention and control of sludge and livestock farming. Elsevier Appl. Sci. Publ., New York.
56. O'Neill, D.H., and V.R. Phillips. 1992. A review of the control of odour nuisance from livestock build-ings: Properties of the odorous substances which have been identified in livestock wastes or in the air around them. Part 3. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 53:23-50.
57. Paduch, M. 1988. Present state of VDl-guidelines on odour assessment, p. 38-53. In V.C. Nielsen et al. (ed.) Volatile emissions from livestock farming and sewage operations. Elsevier Appl. Sci. Publ., London.
58. Pain, B.F., V.R. Phillips, C.R. Clarkson, T.H. Misselbrook, Y.J. Rees, and J.W. Farrent. 1990a. Odour and ammonia emissions following the spreading of aerobically-treated pig slurry on grassland. Biol. Wastes 34:149-160.
59. Pain, B.F., T.H. Misselbrook, C.R. Clarkson, and Y.J. Rees. 1990b. Odour and ammonia emissions fol-lowing the spreading of anaerobically-digested pig slurry on grassland. Biol. Wastes 34:259-267.
60. Pain, B.F., C.R. Clarkson, V.R. Phillips, J.V. Karenbeck, T. H. Misselbrook, and M. Bruins. 1991. Odour emission arising from application of livestock slurries on land: Measurements following spread-ing using a micrometerological techniques and olfactometry. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 48:101-110.
61. Persaud, K.C., and P.J. Travers. 1997. Arrays of broad specificity films for sensing volatile chemicals, p. 563-592. In E. Kress-Rogers (ed.) Handbook of biosensors and electronic noses: Medicine, food, and the environment. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
62. Powers, W.J., A.C. Wilkie, H.H. Van Hom, and R.A. Nordstedt. 1997. Effects of hydraulic retention time on performance and effluent odor of conventional and fixed-film anaerobic digesters fed dairy manure wastewaters. Trans Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. 40:1449-1455.
63. Reineccius, G.A. 1996. Instrumental means of monitoring the flavor quality of foods, p. 241-252. In T.-C. Lee and H.-J. Kim (ed.) Chemical markers for processed and stored foods. ACS Symp. Ser. 631. ACS, Washington, DC.
64. Ruth, J.H. 1986. Odor thresholds and irritation levels of several chemical substances: A review. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 47:A142-A151.
65. Schaefer, J. 1977. Sampling, characterization and analysis of malodours. Agric. Environ. 3:121-128.
66. Schamp, N., and H. van Langenhove. 1988. Comparison of olfactometric odour measurement and chem-ical odour measurement, p. 153-163. In V.C. Nielsen et al. (ed.) Odour prevention and control of organic sludge and livestock farming. Elsevier Appl. Sci. Publ., New York.
67. Schiffman, S.S. 1974. Contributions to the physicochemical dimension of odor: A psychophysical ap-proach. Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 237:164.
68. Semmelroch, P., and W. Grosch. 1995. Lebens-Analysis of roasted coffee powders and brews by gas chromatography-olfactometry of headspace samples. Wiss-TechnoL 28:310-313.
69. Smith, R.J., and P.J. Watts. 1994. Determination of odour emission rates from cattle feedlots: A review. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 57:145-155.
70. Sorel, J.E., R.O. Gauntt, J.M. Sweeten, D.L. Reddell, and A.R. McFarland. 1983. Design of a 1-butanol scale dynamic olfactometer for ambient odor measurements. Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. 26:201-1205.
71. Spoelstra, S.F. 1977. Simple phenols and indoles in anaerobically stored piggery wastes. J. Sci. Food Agric. 28:415-423.
72. Spoelstra, S.F. 1980. Origin of objectionable odorous components in piggery wastes and the possibil-ity of applying indicator components for studying odour development. Agric. Environ. 5:241-260.
73. Strassburger, K.J. 1996. Electronic nose evaluation in the flavor industry: It really works. Food Test. Anal. 2:22-26.
74. Taylor, M., T. Bailey, R. Hammond, and G. Merry. 1995. Potential applications for an electronic aroma detector within the brewing industry. Tech. Q. Master Brew. Assoc. Am. 32:175-179.
75. Tomlinson, J.B., I.H.L. Ormrod, and F.R. Sharpe. 1995. Electronic aroma detection in the brewery. J. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem. 53:167-173.
76. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1973. National survey of the odor problem. Phase III. A study of the social and economic impact of odors. EPA-650/5-73-001. Copley Int. Corp., La Jolla, Cal-ifornia.
77. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1994. Inventory of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions and sinks: 1990-1993. EPA-230-R-94-014. Office Policy, Plan. Eval., EPA, Washington, DC.
78. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1996. Review of the national ambient air quality standards for particulate matter: Policy assessment of scientific and technical information. EPA-452/R-96-013. Natl. Tech. Inform. Serv., Springfield, VA.
79. Van Hom, H.H. (ed.). 1995. Nuisance concerns in animal manure management: Odors and flies, p. 1-144. In Proc. Conf., 21-22 March. Inst. Food Agric. Sci., Univ. Florida, Gainesville, FL.
80. Verschueren, K. 1996. Handbook of environmental data on organic chemicals. 3rd ed. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
81. Vesilind, P.A., G. C. Hartman, and E.T. Skene. 1986. Sludge management and disposal for the practic-ing engineer. Lewis Publ., Inc., Chelsea, ML
82. Walker, J.M. 1993. Control of composting odors, p. 185-218. In H.A.J. Hoitink and H.M. Keener (ed.) Science and engineering of composting: Design, environmental, microbiological and utilization aspects. Renaissance Publ., Worthington, OH.
83. Walker, J.M. 1991. Fundamentals of odor control. Biocycle. September 1991, p. 50-55.
84. Wallin, G., M. Gibbs, R. Hyde, A. Rodriquez, and M. Wilson. 1992. Emission factors may cost agri-cultural operations big bucks. Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. Pap. 92-1039. ASAE, St. Joseph, ML Water Environment Federation. 1978. Odor control for wastewater facilities. Manual Pract. 22. Water Pollut. Control Fed., Alexandria, VA.
85. Watts, P.J., M. Jones, S.C. Lott, R.W. Tucker, and R.J. Smith. 1992. Odor measurement at a Queens-land feedlot. Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. Paper no. 92-4501/92-4519.
86. Wilber, C., and C. Murray. 1990. Odor source evaluation. BioCycle 31:68-72.
87. Wilby, F. V 1969. Variation in recognition odor threshold of a panel. J. Air Pollut. Contr. Assoc. 19:96-100.
88. Williams, A.G. 1989. Dust and odour relationships in broiler house air. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 44:175-190.
89. Winneke, G., and J. Kastka. 1977. Odor pollution and odor annoyance reactions in industrial areas of the Rhine-Ruhr region, p. 471-479. In J. Le Magnen and P. MacLeod (ed.) Olfaction and taste. Proc. 6th Int. Symp., Gif-sur Yvette, Paris. 15-17 July.
90. Yasuhara, A., K. Fuwa, and M. Jimbu. 1984. Identification of odorous compounds in fresh and rotten swine manure. Agric. Biol. Chem. 48:3001-3010.
91. Zahn, J.A., J.L. Hatfield, YS. Do, A.A. DiSpirito, D.A. Laird, and R.L. Pfeiffer. 1997. Characteriza-tion of volatile organic emissions and wastes from a swine production facility. J. Environ. Qual. 26:1687-1696.