How property rights and patents affect antibiotic resistance

Health Economics

Volumn 13, Issue 6, 2004, Pages 575-583

  Horowitz, John B ^a   Moehring, H Brian ^b  

^a BALL STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

Antibiotic resistance; Health economics; Insurance; Patents; Property rights

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT;

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; COST; CROSS RESISTANCE; DRUG COST; DRUG INDUSTRY; DRUG MANUFACTURE; DRUG MARKETING; DRUG USE; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HUMAN; HUMAN RIGHTS; NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE; PATENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PRIVATE HEALTH INSURANCE;

DRUG RESISTANCE; ECONOMICS, PHARMACEUTICAL; HUMANS; INSURANCE, HEALTH; OWNERSHIP; PATENTS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 2942748402     PISSN: 10579230     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/hec.851     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Levy SB. The Antibiotic Paradox: How Miracle Drugs are Destroying the Miracle. Plenum Press: New York, 1992.
2. Harrison PF, Lederberg J (eds). Forum on Emerging Infections. Antimicrobial Resistance: Issues and Options, Workshop Report, Forum on Emerging Infections, Division of Health Sciences Policy, Institute of Medicine, National Academy Press: Washington DC, 1998.
3. Brown G, Layton DF. Resistance economics: social cost and the evolution of antibiotic resistance. Environ Develop Econ 1996; 1(3): 349-355.
4. Laxminarayan R. Fighting antibiotic resistance: can economic incentives play a role? Resources 2001; 143: 9-12.
5. Laxminarayan R. Bacterial resistance and the optimal use of antibiotics. Resources for the Future, Discussion Paper 01-23; 2001.
6. Coast J, Smith RD, Millar MR. An economic perspective on policy to reduce antimicrobial resistance. Soc Sci Med 1998; 46(1): 29-38.
7. Doessel DP. The 'sleeper' issue in medicine: Clem Tisdell's academic scribbling on the economics of antibiotic resistance. Int J Soc Econ 1998; 25(6/7/8): 956-967.
8. Coast J, Smith RD, Millar MR. Superbugs: should antimicrobial resistance be included as a cost in economic evaluation? Health Econ 1996; 5: 217-226.
9. Smith RD, Coast J. Controlling antimicrobial resistance: a proposed transferable permit market. Health Pol 1998; 43: 219-232.
10. Okeke, IN, Lamikanra A, Edelman R. Socioeconomic and behavioral factors leading to acquired bacterial resistance to antibiotics in developing countries. Emerging Infectious Diseases 1999; 5(1): 18-27.
11. Austin DJ, Kristinsson KG, Anderson RM. The relationship between the volume of antimicrobial consumption in human communities and the frequency of resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1999; 96: 1152-1156.
12. Levin BR, Perrot V, Walker N. Compensatory mutations, antibiotic resistance and the population genetics of adaptive evolution in bacteria. Genetics 2000; 154: 985-997.
13. Arason VA, Kristinsson KG, Sigurdsson JA, Stefansdottir G, Molstad S, Gudmundsson S. Do antimicrobials increase the carriage rate of penicillin resistant pneumococci in children? Cross sectional prevalence study. Br Med J 1996; 313(13): 387-391.
14. Chiew YF, Yeo SF, Hall LMC, Livermore DM. Can susceptibility to an antimicrobial be restored by halting its use? The case of streptomycin versus Enterobacteriaceae. J Antimicrob Chemother 1998; 41: 247-251.
15. Enne VI, Livermore DM, Stephens P, Hall LMC. Persistence of sulfonamide resistance in Escherichia coli in the UK despite national prescribing restriction. Lancet 2001; 357: 1325-1328.
16. Seppäla H, Klaukka T, Vuopio-Varkila J, Muotiala A, Helenius H, Lager K, Huovinen P and the Finnish Study Group for Antimicrobial Resistance. The effect of changes in the consumption of macrolide antibiotics on erythromycin resistance in group A Streptococci in Finland. N Eng J Med 1997; 337(7): 441-446.
17. Granizo JJ, Aguilar L, Casal J, García-rey C, Dal-Ré R, Baquero F. Streptococcus pneumoniae resistance to erythromycin and penicillin in relation to macrolide and β-lactam consumption in Spain (1979-1997). J Antimicrob Chemother 2000; 46: 767-773.
18. Coase R. The problem of social cost. J Law Econ 1960; 3: 1-44.
19. Martinez B. Insurers prepare to fight drug-resistant bacteria with reams of data. Wall Street J 2001; 9: B1 & B8.
20. Newhouse JP, The Insurance Experiment Group. Free for All? Lessons from the Rand Health Insurance Experiment Group. Harvard University Press: Cambridge, 1993.
21. Ikegami N, Campbell JC. Special report, medical care in Japan. N Eng J Med 1995; 333(19): 1295-1299.
22. Cars O, Mölstad S, Melander A. Variation in antibiotic use in the European Union. Lancet 2001, 357: 1851-1853.
23. Mölstad S, Cars O. Major change in the use of antibiotics following a national programme: Swedish strategic programme for the rational use of antimicrobial agents and surveillance of resistance (STRAMA). Scand J Infect Dis 1999; 31: 191-195.