Two-stage design method for realization of photonic bandgap structures with desired symmetries by interference lithography

Optics Express

Volumn 12, Issue 6, 2004, Pages 978-983

  Ao, Xianyu ^a,b   He, Sailing ^a,b,c  

^a JORCEP   (Sweden)

^b ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY   (China)

^c ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CRYSTALS; ELECTRIC FIELD EFFECTS; LATTICE CONSTANTS; LITHOGRAPHY; MIRRORS; NONLINEAR PROGRAMMING; PHOTONS; PHOTORESISTS; POLARIZATION; SELF ASSEMBLY; VECTORS;

INTERFERENCE PATTERNS; PERIODIC STRUCTURES; PHOTONIC BANDGAP STRUCTURES; PHOTONIC CRYSTALS;

LIGHT INTERFERENCE;

EID: 2942733562     PISSN: 10944087     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/OPEX.12.000978     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. E. Yablonovitch, "Inhibited spontaneous emission in solid-state physics and electronics," Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 2059-2062 (1987).
2. S. John, "Strong localization of photons in certain disordered dielectric superlattices," Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 2486-2489 (1987).
3. J. D. Joannopoulos, R. D. Meade, and J. Winn, Photonic Crystals: Molding the Flow of Light (Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ, 1995).
4. K. Aoki, H. T. Miyazaki, H. Hirayama, K. Inoshita, T. Baba, N. Shinya, and Y. Aoyagi, "Three-dimensional photonic crystals for optical wavelengths assembled by micromanipulation," Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 3122-3124 (2002).
5. J. Wijnhoven and W. L. Vos, "Preparation of photonic crystals made of air spheres in titania," Science 281, 802-804 (1998).
6. V. Berger, O. Gauthier-Lafaye, and E. Costard, "Photonic band gaps and holography," J. Appl. Phys. 82, 60-64 (1997).
7. M. Campbell, D. N. Sharp, M. T. Harrison, R. G. Denning, and A. J. Turberfield, "Fabrication of photonic crystals for the visible spectrum by holographic lithography," Nature (London) 404, 53-56 (2000).
8. T. Kondo, S. Matsuo, S. Juodkazis, and H. Misawa, "Femtosecond laser interference technique with diffractive beam splitter for fabrication of three-dimensional photonic crystals," Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 725-727 (2001).
9. L. Z. Cai, X. L. Yang, and Y. R. Wang, "Formation of three-dimensional periodic microstructures by interference of four noncoplanar beams," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 19, 2238-2244 (2002).
10. C. K. Ullal, M. Maldovan, M. Wohlgemuth, E. L. Thomas, C. A. White, and S. Yang,"Triply periodic bicontinuous structures through interference lithography: a level-set approach," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 20, 948-954 (2003).
11. M. Maldovan, C. K. Ullal, W. C. Carter, and E. L. Thomas, "Exploring for 3D photonic bandgap structures in the 11 f.c.c. space groups," Nature Mater. 2, 664-667 (2003).
12. L. Wu, F. Zhuang, and S. L. He, "Degeneracy analysis for a supercell of a photonic crystal and its application to the creation of band gaps," Phys. Rev. E 67, 026612 (2003).
13. A. Fernandez and D. W. Phillion, "Effects of phase shifts on four-beam interference patterns," Appl. Opt. 37, 473-478 (1998).
14. H. M. Su, Y. C. Zhong, X. Wang, X. G. Zheng, J. F. Xu, and H. Z. Wang, "Effects of polarization on laser holography for microstructure fabrication," Phys. Rev. E 67, 056619 (2003).
15. X. L. Yang, L. Z. Cai, and Q. Liu, "Theoretical bandgap modeling of two-dimensional triangular photonic crystals formed by interference technique of three-noncoplanar beams," Opt. Express 11, 1050-1055 (2003), http://www.optiesexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-11-9-1050.
16. S. G. Johnson and J. D. Joannopoulos, "Block-iterative frequency-domain methods for Maxwell's equations in a planewave basis," Opt. Express 8, 173-190 (2001), http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI= OPEX-8-3-173.
17. L. F. Shen, S. L. He, and S. S. Xiao, "Large absolute band gaps in two-dimensional photonic crystals formed by large dielectric pixels," Phys. Rev. B 66, 1653156 (2002).
18. I. B. Divliansky, A. Shishido, I-C Khoo, T. S. Mayer, D. Pena, S. Nishimura, C. D. Keating, and T. E. Mallouk, "Fabrication of two-dimensional photonic crystals using interference lithography and electrodeposition of CdSe," Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 3392-3394 (2001).
19. P. E. Gill, W. Murray, and M. H. Wright, Practical Optimization (Academic, London, 1981).
20. D. N. Sharp, A. J. Turberfield, and R. G. Denning, "Holographic photonic crystals with diamond symmetry," Phys. Rev. B 68, 205102 (2003).