Histomorphology of osteoporosis

Orthopaedic Issues in Osteoporosis

Volumn , Issue , 2002, Pages 19-37

  Schnitzler, Christine M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND   (South Africa)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 2942727107     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (98)

1. Mundy, G.R., “Bone remodeling,” in Bone Remodeling and Its Disorders, Martin Dunitz, London, 1995, chap. 1.
2. Wickramasinghe, S.N., Human Bone Marrow, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1975, 36.
3. Burkhardt, R., Kettner, G., Bohm, W., et al., “Changes in trabecular bone, hematopoiesis and bone marrow vessels in aplastic anemia, primary osteoporosis, and old age: a comparative histomorphometric study,” Bone, 8, 157, 1987.
4. Nuttall, M.E. and Gimble, J.M., “Is there a therapeutic opportunity to either prevent or treat osteopenic disorders by inhibiting marrow adipogenesis?" Bone, 27, 177, 2000.
5. Martin, R.B. and Lucas, P.A., “Bone marrow fat content in relation to bone remodeling and serum chemistry in intact and ovariectomized dogs,” Calcif. Tissue Int., 46, 189, 1990.
6. Davies, D.V. and Coupland, R.E., Eds., Gray’s Anatomy, 34th ed., Longmans, Green, London, 1972, 39.
7. Parfitt, A.M., Villanueva, A.R., Foldes, J., and Rao, D.S., “Relations between histologic indices of bone formation: implications for the pathogenesis of spinal osteoporosis,” J. Bone Miner. Res., 10, 466, 1995.
8. Parfitt, A.M., Travers, R., Rauch, F., and Glorieux, F.H., “Structural and cellular changes during bone growth in healthy children,” Bone, 27, 487, 2000.
9. Burger, E.H. and Klein-Nulend, J., “Mechanotransduction in bone - role of the lacuno-canalicular network,” FASEB J., 13, S101, 1999.
10. Mori, S. and Burr, D.B., “Increased intracortical remodeling following fatigue damage,” Bone, 14, 103, 1993.
11. Schaffler, M.B., Choi, K., and Milgrom, C., “Aging and matrix microdamage accumulation in human compact bone,” Bone, 17, 521, 1995.
12. Manolagas, S.C. and Weinstein, R.S., “New developments in the pathogenesis and treatment of steroidinduced osteoporosis,” J. Bone Miner. Res., 14, 1061, 1999.
13. Smit, T.H. and Burger, E.H., “Is BMU-coupling a strain-regulated phenomenon? A finite element analysis,” J. Bone Miner. Res., 15, 301, 2000.
14. Parfitt, A.M., “Osteonal and hemi-osteonal remodeling: the spatial and temporal framework for signal traffic in adult human bone,” J. Cell. Biochem., 55, 273, 1994.
15. Frost, H.M., Bone Remodeling and Its Relationship to Metabolic Bone Diseases, Charles C Thomas, Springfield, IL, 1973, 28.
16. Baron, R.E., “Anatomy and ultrastructure of bone,” in Primer on the Metabolic Bone Diseases and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism, 4th ed., Favus, M.J., Ed., Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, 1996, chap. 1.
17. Termine, J. and Robey, P.G., “Bone matrix proteins and the mineralization process,” in Primer on the Metabolic Bone Diseases and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism, 3rd ed., Favus, M.J., Ed., Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, 1996, chap. 4.
18. Parfitt, A.M., “The physiologic and clinical significance of bone histomorphometric data,” in Bone Histomorphometry: Techniques and Interpretation, Recker, R.R., Ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1983, chap. 9.
19. Jowsey, J., “Age changes in human bone,” Clin. Orthop., 17, 210, 1960.
20. Nijweide, P.J., Burger, E.H., Klein-Nulend, J., and van der Plas, A., “The osteocyte,” in Principles of Bone Biology, Bilezikian, J.P., Raisz, L.G., and Rodan, G.A., Eds., Academic Press, San Diego, 1996, chap. 9.
21. Boyce, B.F., “Role of apoptosis in local regulation,” in Principles of Bone Biology, Bilezikian, J.P., Raisz, L.G., and Rodan, G.A., Eds., Academic Press, San Diego, 1996, chap. 53.
22. Verborgt, O., Gibson, G.J., and Schaffler, M.B., “Loss of osteocyte integrity in association with microdamage and bone remodeling after fatigue in vivo,” J. Bone Miner. Res., 15, 60, 2000.
23. Jilka, R.L., “Cytokines, bone remodeling, and estrogen deficiency: a 1998 update,” Bone, 23, 75, 1998.
24. Mundy, G.R., “Bone resorbing cells,” in Primer on the Metabolic Bone Diseases and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism, 3rd ed., Favus, M.J., Ed., Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, 1996, chap. 3.
25. Parfitt, A.M., Mundy, G.R., Roodman, G.D., et al., “A new model for the regulation of bone resorption, with particular reference to the effects of bisphosphonates,” J. Bone Miner. Res., 11, 150, 1996.
26. Puzas, J.E., “Osteoblast cell biology - lineage and function,” in Primer on the Metabolic Bone Diseases and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism, 3rd ed., Favus, M.J., Ed., Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, 1996, chap. 2.
27. Jilka, R.L., Weinstein, R.S., Bellido, T., et al., “Osteoblast programmed cell death (apoptosis): modulation by growth factors and cytokines,” J. Bone Miner. Res., 13, 793, 1998.
28. Frost, H.M., Bone Remodeling Dynamics, Charles C Thomas, Springfield, IL, 1963.
29. Consensus Development Conference: Prophylaxis and treatment of osteoporosis, Am. J. Med., 90, 107, 1991.
30. Oxlund, H., Mosekilde, Li., and Ørtoft, G., “Alterations in the stability of collagen from human trabecular bone with respect to age,” in Osteoporosis 1987, Christiansen, C., Johansen, J.S. and Riis, B.J., Eds., Osteopress ApS, Copenhagen, 1987, 313.
31. Ferris, B.D., Klenerman, L., Dodds, R.A., et al., “Altered organization of non-collagenous bone matrix in osteoporosis,” Bone, 8, 285, 1987.
32. Snyder, B.D., Piazza, S., Edwards, W.T., and Hayes, W.C., “Role of trabecular morphology in the etiology of age-related vertebral fractures,” Calcif. Tissue Int., 53(Suppl. 1), S14, 1993.
33. Lips, P. and Meunier, P.J., “Mean wall thickness of trabecular bone packets in the human iliac crest: changes with age,” Calcif. Tissue Res., 26, 13, 1978.
34. Weinstein, R.S. and Hutson, M.S., “Decreased trabecular width and increased trabecular spacing contribute to bone loss with aging,” Bone, 8, 137, 1987.
35. Parfitt, A.M., Mathews, C.H., Villanueva, A.R., et al., “Relationships between surface, volume, and thickness of iliac trabecular bone in aging and in osteoporosis,” J. Clin. Invest., 72, 1396, 1983.
36. Bell, G.H., Dunbar, O., Beck, J.S., and Gibb, A., “Variations in strength of vertebrae with age and their relation to osteoporosis,” Calcif. Tissue Res., 1, 75, 1967.
37. Mosekilde, Lis, “Consequences of the remodeling process for vertebral trabecular bone structure: a scanning electron microscopy study (uncoupling of unloaded structures),” Bone Miner., 10, 13, 1990.
38. Parfitt, A.M., “Trabecular bone architecture in the pathogenesis and prevention of fracture,” Am. J. Med., 82(Suppl. 1B), 68, 1987.
39. Mosekilde, Lis, “Sex differences in age-related loss of vertebral trabecular bone mass and structure - biomechanical consequences,” Bone, 10, 425, 1989.
40. Mosekilde, Li., Mosekilde, Le., and Danielsen, C.C., “Biomechanical competence of vertebral trabecular bone in relation to ash density and age in normal individuals,” Bone, 8, 79, 1987.
41. Legrand, E., Chappard, D., Pascaretti, C., et al., “Trabecular bone microarchitecture, bone mineral density, and vertebral fractures in male osteoporosis,” J. Bone Miner. Res., 15, 13, 2000.
42. Oleksik, A., Ott, S.M., Vedi, S., et al., “Bone structure in patients with low bone mineral density with or without vertebral fractures,” J. Bone Miner. Res., 15, 1368, 2000.
43. Delmas, P.D., “How does antiresorptive therapy decrease the risk of fracture in women with osteoporosis?" Bone, 27, 1, 2000.
44. Jensen, K.S., Mosekilde, Lis, and Mosekilde, L., “A model of vertebral trabecular bone architecture and its mechanical properties,” Bone, 11, 417, 1990.
45. Maurin, A.C., Chavassieux, P.M., Frappart, L., et al., “Influence of mature adipocytes on osteoblast proliferation in human primary cocultures,” Bone, 26, 485, 2000.
46. Mosekilde, Lis and Mosekilde, L., “Sex differences in age-related changes in vertebral body size, density and biomechanical competence in normal individuals,” Bone, 11, 67, 1990.
47. Beck, T.J., Looker, A.C., Ruff, C.B., et al., “Structural trends in the aging femoral neck and proximal shaft: analysis of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry data,” J. Bone Miner. Res., 15, 2297, 2000.
48. Fyrhie, D.P. and Schaffler, M.B., “Failure mechanisms in human vertebral cancellous bone,” Bone, 15, 105, 1994.
49. Fazzalari, N.L., “Trabecular microfracture,” Calcif. Tissue Int., 53(Suppl. 1), S143, 1993.
50. Koszyca, B., Fazzalari, N.L., and Vernon-Roberts, B., “Trabecular microfractures. Nature and distribution in the proximal femur,” Clin. Orthop., 244, 208, 1989.
51. Todd, R.C., Freeman, M.A.R., and Pirie, C.J., “Isolated trabecular fatigue fractures in the femoral head,” J. Bone Joint Surg., 54B, 723, 1972.
52. Vogel, M., Hahn, M., and Delling, G., “Relation between two-and three-dimensional architecture of trabecular bone in the human spine,” Bone, 14, 199, 1993.
53. Schnitzler, C.M., Wing, J.R., Mesquita, J.M., et al., “Risk factors for the development of stress fractures during fluoride therapy for osteoporosis,” J. Bone Miner. Res., 5(Suppl. 1), S195, 1990.
54. Schnitzler, C.M., Mesquita, J.M., Gear, K.A., et al., “Iliac bone biopsies at the time of periarticular stress fractures during fluoride therapy: comparison with pretreatment biopsies,” J. Bone Miner. Res., 5, 141, 1990.
55. Schnitzler, C.M. and Solomon, L., “Histomorphometric analysis of a calcaneal stress fracture: a possible complication of fluoride therapy for osteoporosis,” Bone, 7, 193, 1986.
56. Schnitzler, C.M., Wing, J.R., Gear, K.A., and Robson, H.J., “Bone fragility in the peripheral skeleton during fluoride therapy for osteoporosis,” Clin. Orthop., 261, 268, 1990.
57. Resnick, D., Goergen, T.G., and Niwayama, G., “Physical injury: concepts and terminology,” in Diagnosis of Bone and Joint Disorders, Resnick, D., Ed., 3rd ed., W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1995, chap. 67.
58. Frost, H. M, “Micropetrosis,” J. Bone Joint Surg., 42A, 144, 1960
59. Wong, S.Y., Kariks, J., Evans, R.A., et al., “The effect of age on bone composition and viability in the femoral head,” J. Bone Joint Surg., 67A, 274, 1985.
60. Manolagas, S., “Corticosteroids and fractures: a close encounter of the third cell kind,” J. Bone Miner. Res., 15, 1001, 2000.
61. Marcove, R.C. and Arlen, M., “Metabolic diseases,” in Atlas of Bone Pathology, Marcove, R.C. and Arlen, M., Eds., J.B. Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1992, chap. 3.
62. Silverberg, S.J., Shane, E., de la Cruz, L., et al., “Skeletal disease in primary hyperparathyroidism,” J. Bone Miner. Res., 4, 283, 1989.
63. Parfitt, A.M., Kleerekoper, M., Rao, D., Stanci, J., and Villanueva, A.R., “Cellular mechanisms of cortical thinning in primary hyperparathyroidism,” J. Bone Miner. Res., 2(Suppl. 1), abstr. 384, 1987.
64. Resnick, D. and Niwayama, G., “Parathyroid disorders and renal osteodystrophy,” in Diagnosis of Bone and Joint Disorders, 3rd ed., Resnick, D., Ed., W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1995, chap. 57.
65. Eriksen, E.F., Mosekilde, L., and Melsen, F., “Trabecular bone remodeling and balance in primary hyperparathyroidism,” Bone, 7, 213, 1986.
66. Christiansen, P., Steiniche, T., Mosekilde, L., et al., “Primary hyperparathyroidism: changes in trabecular bone remodeling following surgical treatment - evaluated by histomorphometric methods,” Bone, 11, 75, 1990.
67. Parisien, M., Cosman, F., Mellish, R.W., et al., “Bone structure on postmenopausal hyperparathyroid, osteoporotic, and normal women,” J. Bone Miner. Res., 10, 1393, 1995.
68. Meunier, P.J., S.-Bianchi, G.G., Edouard, C.M., et al., “Bony manifestations of thyrotoxicosis,” Orthop. Clin. North Am., 3, 745, 1972.
69. Resnick, D., “Thyroid disorders,” in Diagnosis of Bone and Joint Disorders, 3rd ed., Resnick, D., Ed., W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1995, chap. 56.
70. Eriksen, E.F., Mosekilde, L., and Melsen, F., “Trabecular bone remodeling and bone balance in hyperthyroidism,” Bone, 6, 421, 1985.
71. Seeman, E., “The effects of tobacco and alcohol use on bone,” in Osteoporosis, Marcus, R., Feldman, D., and Kelsey, J., Eds., Academic Press, San Diego, 1996, chap. 26.
72. Diez, A., Puig, J., Serrano, S., et al., “Alcohol-induced bone disease in the absence of severe chronic liver damage,” J. Bone Miner. Res., 9, 825, 1994.
73. Bikle, D.D., “Bone disease in alcohol abuse,” Ann. Intern. Med., 103, 42, 1985.
74. Diamond, T., Stiel, D., Lunzer, M., et al., “Ethanol reduces bone formation and may cause osteoporosis,” Am. J. Med., 86, 282, 1989.
75. Lindholm, J., Steiniche, T., Rasmussen, E., et al., “Bone disorder in men with chronic alcoholism: a reversible disease?" J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 73, 118, 1991.
76. de Vernejoul, M.C., Bielakoff, J., Herve, M., et al., “Evidence for defective osteoblast function,” Clin. Orthop., 179, 107, 1983.
77. Friday, K. and Howard, G.A., “Ethanol inhibits bone cell proliferation and function in vivo,” Metabolism, 40, 562, 1991.
78. Hurley, M.M., Martin, D.L., Kream, B.E., and Raisz, L.G., “Effects of ethanol and acetaldehyde on collagen synthesis, prostaglandin release and resorption of fetal rat bone in organ culture,” Bone, 11, 47, 1990.
79. Nielsen, H.K., Lundby, L., Rasmussen, K., et al., “Alcohol decreases serum osteocalcin in a dosedependent way in normal subjects,” Calcif. Tissue Int., 46, 173, 1990.
80. Pepersack, T., Fuss, M., Otero, J., et al., “Longitudinal study of bone metabolism after ethanol withdrawal in alcoholic patients,” J. Bone Miner. Res., 7, 383, 1992.
81. Kiratli, B.J., “Immobilization osteopenia,” in Osteoporosis, Marcus, R., Feldman, D., and Kelsey, J., Eds., Academic Press, San Diego, 1996, chap. 42.
82. Lundberg, B. and Nilsson, B., “Osteopenia in the frozen shoulder,” Clin. Orthop., 60, 187, 1968.
83. Van der Wiel, H.E., Lips, P., Nauta, J., et al., “Loss of bone in the proximal part of the femur following unstable fractures of the leg,” J. Bone Joint Surg., 76A, 230, 1994.
84. Kannus, P., Jarvinen, M., Sievanen, H., et al., “Osteoporosis in men with a history of tibial fracture,” J. Bone Miner. Res., 9, 423, 1994.
85. Andersson, S. and Nilsson, B., “Changes in bone mineral content following ligamentous knee injuries,” Med. Sci. Sports, 11, 351, 1979.
86. Rush, P.J., Wong, J.S., Kirsh, J., and Devlin, M., “Osteopenia in patients with above knee amputation,” Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil., 75, 112, 1994.
87. Hansson, T., Roos, B., and Nachemson, A., “Development of osteopenia in the fourth lumbar vertebra during prolonged bedrest after operations for scoliosis,” Acta Orthop. Scand., 46, 621, 1975.
88. Krølner, B. and Toft, B., “Vertebral bone loss: an unheeded side effect of therapeutic bed rest,” Clin. Sci., 64, 537, 1983.
89. LeBlanc, A., Schneider, V., Spector, E., et al., “Calcium absorption, endogenous excretion, and endocrine changes during and after long-term bed rest,” Bone, 16, 301S, 1995.
90. Zerwekh, J.E., Ruml, L.A., Gottschalk, F., and Pak, C.Y., “The effects of twelve weeks of bed rest on bone histology, biochemical markers of bone turnover, and calcium homeostasis in 11 normal subjects,” J. Bone Miner. Res., 13, 1594, 1998.
91. Lueken, S.A., Arnaud, S.B., Taylor, A.K., and Baylink, D.J., “Changes in markers of bone formation and resorption in a bedrest model of weightlessness,” J. Bone Miner. Res., 8, 1433, 1993.
92. Minaire, P., Meunier, P., Edouard, C., et al., “Quantitative histologic data on disuse osteoporosis,” Calcif. Tissue Int., 17, 57, 1974.
93. Palle, S., Vico, L., Bourrin, S., and Alexandre, C., “Bone tissue response to four-month antiorthostatic bedrest: a bone histomorphometric study,” Calcif. Tissue Int., 51, 189, 1992.
94. Arnaud, S.B., Sherrard, D.J., Maloney, N., et al., “Effects of 1-week head-down tilt bed rest on bone formation and the calcium endocrine system,” Aviat. Space Environ. Med., 63, 14, 1992.
95. Jaworski, Z.F.G. and Uhthoff, H.K., “Reversibility of nontraumatic disuse osteoporosis during its active phase,” Bone, 7, 431, 1986.
96. Mosekilde, Lis, Thomsen, J.S., Mackey, M.S., and Phipps, R.J., “Treatment with risedronate or alendronate prevents hind-limb immobilization-induced loss of bone density and strength in adult female rats,” Bone, 27, 639, 2000.
97. Minaire, P., Depassio, J., Berard, E., et al., “Effects of clodronate on immobilization bone loss,” Bone, 8(Suppl. 1), S63, 1993.
98. Rauch, F., Travers, R., Norman, M.E., et al., “Deficient bone formation in idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis: a histomorphometric study of cancellous iliac bone,” J. Bone Miner. Res., 15, 957, 2000.