Homoerotic development during childhood and adolescence

Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America

Volumn 13, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 529-549

  Savin Williams, Ritch C ^a   Cohen, Kenneth M ^a  

^a Department of Obstetrics Gynecology   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; CHILD; CHILD BEHAVIOR; CHILDHOOD; CONCEPTION; CONFUSION; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; EROTISM; EXPERIMENTATION; GENDER IDENTITY; HEREDITY; HETEROSEXUALITY; HOMOSEXUALITY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; MENTAL DISEASE; MENTAL HEALTH; PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOANALYSIS; REVIEW; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT; SEXUAL DEVIATION; SEXUAL ORIENTATION; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE;

ADOLESCENT; CHILD; FEMALE; GENDER IDENTITY; HOMOSEXUALITY; HUMANS; MALE; PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR;

EID: 2942554832     PISSN: 10564993     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2004.02.005     Document Type: Review

References (99)

1. Kinsey A.C., Pomeroy W.B., Martin C.E. Sexual behavior in the human male. 1948;W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia
2. Kinsey A.C., Pomeroy W.B., Martin C.E., Gebhard P.H. Sexual behavior in the human female. 1953;W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia
3. Brown L.S. Lesbian identities: concepts and issues. D'Augelli A.R., Patterson C.J. Lesbian, gay, and bisexual identities over the lifespan: psychological perspectives. 1995;3-23 Oxford University Press, New York
4. Golden C. What's in a name? sexual self-identification among women. Savin-Williams R.C., Cohen K.M. The lives of lesbians, gays, and bisexuals: children to adults. 1996;229-249 Harcourt Brace College, Fort Worth (TX)
5. Kitzinger C. The social construction of lesbianism. 1987;Sage, London
6. Sanders S.A., Reinisch J.M. Would you say you 'had sex' if ? JAMA. 281:1999;275-277
7. Savin-Williams R.C., Diamond L.M. Sex. Lerner R.M., Steinberg L. Handbook of adolescent psychology. 2nd edition:2004;189-231 John Wiley and Sons, New York
8. Mustanski B. Semantic heterogeneity in the definition of "having sex" for homosexuals. 2002;Indiana University, Bloomington (IN)
9. Diamond M. Sex and gender are different: sexual identity and gender identity are different. Clin Child Psychology Psychiatry. 7:2002;320-334
10. Diamond L.M. Was it a phase? Young women's relinquishment of lesbian/bisexual identities over a 5-year period. J Pers Soc Psychol. 84:2003;352-364
11. Weinberg M.S., Williams C.J., Pryor D.W. Dual attraction: understanding bisexuality. 1994;Oxford University Press, New York
12. Laumann E.O., Gagnon J., Michael R.T., Michaels S. The social organization of sexuality: sexual practices in the United States. 1994;University of Chicago Press, Chicago
13. Sell R.L., Wells J.A., Wypij D. The prevalence of homosexual behavior and attraction in the United States, the United Kingdom and France: results of national population-based samples. Arch Sex Behav. 24:1995;235-248
14. Lippa R.A. Gender-related traits in gay men, lesbian women, and heterosexual men and women: the virtual identity of homosexual-heterosexual diagnosticity and gender diagnosticity. J Pers. 68:2000;899-926
15. Remafedi G., Resnick M., Blum R., Harris L. Demography of sexual orientation in adolescents. Pediatrics. 89:1992;714-721
16. Savin-Williams R.C. Gay and lesbian youth: expressions of identity. 1990;Hemisphere, Washington, DC
17. Savin-Williams R.C. Verbal and physical abuse as stressors in the lives of sexual minority youth: associations with school problems, running away, substance abuse, prostitution, and suicide. J Consult Clin Psychol. 62:1994;261-269
18. Savin-Williams R.C. Suicide attempts among sexual-minority youth: population and measurement issues. J Consult Clin Psychol. 69:2001;983-991
19. Savin-Williams R.C., Ream G.L. Suicide attempts among sexual-minority male youth. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 32:2003;509-522
20. Cass V.C. Homosexual identity: a concept in need of a definition. J Homosex. 9:1984;105-126
21. Cass V.C. The implications of homosexual identity formation for the Kinsey model and scale of sexual preference. McWhirter D.P., Sanders S.A., Reinisch J.M. Homosexuality/heterosexuality: concepts of sexual orientation. 1990;239-266 Oxford University Press, New York
22. Ryan C. An analysis of the content and gaps in the scientific and professional literature on the health and mental concerns of lesbian, gay and bisexual youth. 2000;American Psychological Association, Washington, DC
23. Savin-Williams R.C. The "new" gay teenager: post-gay and gayishness among contemporary teenagers. Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press; in press
24. Savin-Williams R.C. "And then I became gay." Young men's stories. 1998;Routledge, New York
25. Savin-Williams R.C., Diamond L.M. Sexual identity trajectories among sexual-minority youth: gender comparisons. Arch Sex Behav. 29:2000;419-440
26. Dubé E.M., Savin-Williams R.C. Sexual identity development among ethnic sexual-minority male youths. Dev Psychol. 35:1999;1389-1399
27. Hegarty P., Pratto F. Sexual orientation beliefs: their relationship to anti-gay attitudes and biological determinist arguments. J Homosex. 41:2001;121-135
28. Lever J. Sexual revelations: The 1994 Advocate survey of sexuality and relationships: the men. The Advocate. August 23, 1994;17-24
29. Bell A.P., Weinberg M.S., Hammersmith S.K. Sexual preference: its development in men and women. 1981;Indiana University Press, Bloomington (IN)
30. Ellis L. Theories of homosexuality. Savin-Williams R.C., Cohen K.M. The lives of lesbians, gays, and bisexuals: children to adults. 1996;11-34 Harcourt Brace College, Fort Worth (TX)
31. Pillard R.C., Weinrich J.D. Evidence of familial nature of male homosexuality. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 43:1986;808-812
32. Bailey J.M., Benishay D.S. Familial aggregation of female sexual orientation. Am J Psychiatry. 150:1993;272-277
33. Bailey J.M., Pillard R.C. A genetic study of male sexual orientation. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 48:1991;1089-1096
34. Bailey J.M., Pillard R.C., Neale M.C., Agyei Y. Heritable factors influence sexual orientation in women. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 50:1993;217-223
35. Whitam F., Diamond M., Martin J. Homosexual orientation in twins: a report of 61 pairs and three triplet sets. Arch Sex Behav. 22:1993;187-206
36. Hamer D.H., Hu S., Magnuson V.L., Hu N., Pattatucci A.M.L. A linkage between DNA markers on the X chromosome and male sexual orientation. Science. 261:1993;321-327
37. Hu S., Pattatucci A.M.L., Patterson C., Li L., Fulker D.W., Cherny S.S., et al. Linkage between sexual orientation and chromosome Xq28 in males but not in females. Nat Genet. 11:1995;248-256
38. Rice G., Anderson C., Risch N., Ebers G. Male homosexuality: absence of linkage to microsatellite markers at Xq28. Science. 284:1999;665-667
39. Collaer M.L., Hines M. Human behavioral sex differences: a role for gonadal hormones during early development? Psychol Bull. 118:1995;55-107
40. Cohen K.M. Relationships among childhood sex-atypical behavior, spatial ability, handedness, and sexual orientation in men. Arch Sex Behav. 31:2002;129-143
41. Gladue B.A., Beatty W.W., Larson J., Staton R.D. Sexual orientation and spatial ability in men and women. Psychobiology. 18:1990;101-108
42. McCormick C.M., Witelson S.F. A cognitive profile of homosexual men compared to heterosexual men and women. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 16:1991;459-473
43. Wegesin D.J. A neuropsychologic profile of homosexual and heterosexual men and women. Arch Sex Behav. 27:1998;91-108
44. Rahman Q., Abrahams S., Wilson G.D. Sexual-orientation-related differences in verbal fluency. Neuropsychol. 17(2):2003;240-246
45. Alexander J.E., Sufka K.J. Cerebral lateralization in homosexual males: a preliminary EEG investigation. Int J Psychophysiol. 15:1993;269-274
46. Wegesin D.J. Event-related potentials in homosexual and heterosexual men and women: sex-dimorphic patterns in verbal asymmetries and mental rotation. Brain Cogn. 36:1998;73-92
47. Reite M., Sheeder J., Richardson D., Teale P. Cerebral laterality in homosexual males: preliminary communication using magnetoencephalography. Arch Sex Behav. 24:1995;585-593
48. Harms W. Study shows sexual orientation is linked to brain metabolism. University of Chicago Chronicle 2003;23(5):1, 8
49. Byne W., Tobet S., Mattiace L.A., Lasco M.S., Kemether E., Edgar M.A., et al. The interstitial nuclei of the human anterior hypothalamus: an investigation of variation within sex, sexual orientation and HIV status. Horm Behav. 40:2001;86-92
50. LeVay S. A difference in hypothalamic structure between heterosexual and homosexual men. Science. 253:1991;1034-1037
51. Allen L.S., Gorski R.A. Sexual orientation and the size of the anterior commissure in the human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 89:1992;7199-7202
52. Swaab D.F., Hofman M.A. An enlarged suprachiasmatic nucleus in homosexual men. Brain Res. 537:1990;141-148
53. Blanchard R. Fraternal birth order and the maternal immune hypothesis of male homosexuality. Horm Behav. 40:2001;105-114
54. Lippa R.A. Are 2D:4D finger-length ratios related to sexual orientation? yes for men, no for women. J Pers Soc Psychol. 85:2003;179-188
55. Brown W.M., Finn C.J., Cooke B.M., Breedlove S.M. Differences in finger length ratios between self-identified "butch" and "femme" lesbians. Arch Sex Behav. 31:2002;123-127
56. Hall L.S., Love C.T. Finger-length ratios in female monozygotic twins discordant for sexual orientation. Arch Sex Behav. 32:2003;23-28
57. Hall J.A.Y., Kimura D. Sexual orientation and performance on sexually dimorphic motor tasks. Arch Sex Behav. 24:1995;395-407
58. Lalumière M.L., Blanchard R., Zucker K.J. Sexual orientation and handedness in men and women: a meta-analysis. Psychol Bull. 126:2000;575-592
59. Rahman Q., Silber K. Sexual orientation and the sleep-wake cycle: a preliminary investigation. Arch Sex Behav. 29:2000;127-134
60. Hall J.A.Y., Kimura D. Dermatoglyphic asymmetry and sexual orientation in men. Behav Neurosci. 108:1994;1203-1206
61. McFadden D. Masculinization effects in the auditory system. Arch Sex Behav. 31:2002;99-111
62. Rahman Q., Kumari V., Wilson G.D. Sexual orientation-related differences in prepulse inhibition of the human startle response. Behav Neurosci. 117(5):2003;1096-1102
63. Green R. The "sissy boy syndrome" and the development of homosexuality. 1987;Yale University Press, New Haven (CT)
64. Zuger B. Early effeminate behavior in boys: outcome and significance for homosexuality. J Nerv Ment Dis. 172:1984;90-97
65. Bailey J.M., Zucker K.J. Childhood sex-typed behavior and sexual orientation: a conceptual analysis and quantitative review. Dev Psychol. 31:1995;43-55
66. American Psychiatric Association Position statement on psychiatric treatment and sexual orientation. Am J Psychiatry. 156(7):1999;1131
67. Cohen K.M., Savin-Williams R.C. Are converts to be believed? Assessing sexual orientation "conversions" Arch Sex Behav. 32:2003;427-429
68. Haldeman D.C. The practice and ethics of sexual orientation conversion therapy. J Consult Clin Psychol. 62:1994;221-227
69. American Psychological Association Resolution on appropriate therapeutic responses to sexual orientation. Am Psychol. 53:1998;934-935
70. American Psychiatric Association Position statement on therapies focused on attempts to change sexual orientation (reparative or conversion therapies). Am J Psychiatry. 157(10):2000;1719-1721
71. Copas A.J., Wellings K., Erens B., Mercer C.H., McManus S., Fenton K.A., et al. The accuracy of reported sensitive sexual behaviour in Britain: exploring the extent of change 1990-2000. Sex Transm Infect. 78:2002;26-30
72. Garofalo R., Wolf R.C., Wissow L.S., Woods E.R., Goodman E. Sexual orientation and risk of suicide attempts among a representative sample of youth. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 153:1999;487-493
73. Papadopoulos N.G., Stamboulides P., Triantafillou T. The psychosexual development and behavior of university students: a nationwide survey in Greece. J Psychol Human Sex. 11:2000;93-110
74. Diamond M. Homosexuality and bisexuality in different populations. Arch Sex Behav. 22:1993;291-310
75. D'Augelli A.R. Gay men in college: identity processes and adaptations. J College Student Dev. 32:1991;140-146
76. D'Augelli A.R., Hershberger S.L. Lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth in community settings: personal challenges and mental health problems. Am J Community Psychol. 21:1993;421-448
77. Hillier L., Dempsey D., Harrison L., Beale L., Matthews L., Rosenthal D. Writing themselves in: a national report on the sexuality, health and well-being of same-sex attracted young people, monograph series 7. 1998;Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, National Centre in HIV Social Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne
78. Goode E., Haber L. Sexual correlates of homosexual experience: an exploratory study of college women. J Sex Res. 13:1977;12-21
79. Sullivan H.S. The interpersonal theory of psychiatry. 1953;Norton, New York
80. Maccoby E.E. The two sexes: growing up apart and coming together. 1998;Belknap Press, Cambridge (MA)
81. DuRant R.H., Krowchuk D.P., Sinal S.H. Victimization, use of violence, and drug use at school among male adolescents who engage in same-sex sexual behavior. J Pediatr. 132:1998;113-118
82. Diamond L.M. Sexual identity, attractions, and behavior among young sexual-minority women over a two-year period. Dev Psychol. 36:2000;241-250
83. Diamond L.M. What does sexual orientation orient? a biobehavioral model distinguishing romantic love and sexual desire. Psychol Rev. 110:2003;173-192
84. Kryzan C. OutProud/Oasis internet survey of queer and questioning youth. Sponsored by OutProud, The National Coalition for Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender Youth and Oasis Magazine. 1998;. Available at http://www.outproud. org/survey/overview.html
85. Rosario M., Meyer-Bahlburg H.F.L., Hunter J., Exner T.M., Gwadz M., Keller A.M. The psychosexual development of urban lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths. J Sex Res. 33:1996;113-126
86. Saewyc E.M., Skay C.L., Bearinger L.H., Blum R.W., Resnick M.D. Demographics of sexual orientation among American-Indian adolescents. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 68:1998;590-600
87. Baumeister R.F. Gender differences in erotic plasticity: the female sex drive as socially flexible and responsive. Psychol Bull. 126:2000;247-374
88. Herdt G., Boxer A.M. Children of Horizons: how gay and lesbian teens are leading a new way out of the closet. 1993;Beacon Press, Boston
89. Frankel L.F. Do heterosexual men have a sexual identity? An exploratory study. Dissertation. 2003;Cornell University, New York
90. D'Augelli A.R. Victimization history and mental health among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths. Paper presented at the Society for Research on Adolescence, San Diego, February, 1998
91. D'Augelli A.R., Grossman A.H. Sexual orientation victimization of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths. Paper presented at the American Psychological Association, San Francisco, August, 2001
92. Sears J.T. Growing up gay in the south: race, gender, and journeys of the spirit. 1991;Harrington Park Press, New York
93. Troiden R.R. Becoming homosexual: a model of gay identity acquisition. Psychiatry. 42:1979;362-373
94. Dubé E.M. The role of sexual behavior in the identification process of gay and bisexual males. J Sex Res. 37:2000;123-132
95. Edwards W.J. Operating within the mainstream: coping and adjustment among a sample of homosexual youths. Deviant Beh: An Interdisciplinary J. 17:1996;229-251
96. Denizet-Lewis B. Double lives on the down low. New York Times Magazine 28-33, 48, 52-53. August 3, 2003
97. Kryzan C.A. OutProud/Oasis Internet survey of queer and questioning youth. Sponsored by OutProud, The National Coalition for Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender Youth and Oasis Magazine. 2000;. Available at http://www.outproud.org/survey/highlights.html. Accessed November 16, 2000
98. Rodríguez Rust P.C. Bisexuality: the state of the union. Annu Rev Sex Res. 13:2000;180-240
99. Rodríguez Rust P.C. Two many and not enough: the meanings of bisexual identities. J Bisexuality. 1:2001;31-68