Loving to straighten out development: Sexuality and " ethnodevelopment" in the World Bank's ecuadorian lending

Feminist Legal Studies

Volumn 13, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 295-322

  Bedford, Kate ^a  

^a Barnard College of Columbia University   (United States)

Author keywords

Ecuador; Ethnodevelopment; Gender and development; Heteronormativity; Sexuality; World Bank

Indexed keywords

EID: 29244475080     PISSN: 09663622     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10691-005-9005-7     Document Type: Article

References (91)

1. Albo, X., "Ethnic Identity and Politics in the Central Andes: The Cases of Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru", in Politics in the Andes: Identity, Conflict, Reform, eds. J. Burt & P. Mauceri (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2004), 17-37.
2. Alexander, M.J., "Not Just (Any) Body Can Be a Citizen: The Politics of Law, Sexuality and Postcoloniality in Trinidad and Tobago and the Bahamas", Feminist Review 48 (1994), 5-23.
3. Aulestia, A, Estudios De Caso Sobre El Impacto De La Perspectiva De Génera En La Planificatión Participativa Aplicada Al Desarrollo Local En Pueblos Y Nacionalidades: Plan De Actión Para Incorporar El Enfoque De Género En Los Planes De Desarrollo Local (Quito: P.R.O.D.E.P.I.N.E., 2002).
4. Aulestia, A. & Quintero-Andrade, R, Informe Del Taller Sobre Conceptos Básicos Y Herramietas (Sic) Metodogicas De Género, Regionales Amazonia Norte Y Sur (Quito: P.R.O.D.E.P.I.N.E., 2001).
5. Bakker, I., (ed.), The Strategic Silence: Gender and Economic Policy (New Jersey: Zed Books, 1994).
6. Bakker, I. & Gill, S., (ed.), Power, Production and Social Reproduction: Human In/Security in the Global Political Economy (Toronto, Canada: York University, 2003).
7. Bedford, K., Empowering Women, Domesticating Men, and Resolving the Social Reproduction Dilemma: The World Bank's Employment Policies in Ecuador and Beyond (New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University, 2005) dissertation.
8. Benería, L. & Feldman, S., (ed.), Unequal Burden: Economic Crises, Persistent Poverty, and Women's Work (Boulder: Westview Press, 1992).
9. Berlant, L. & Warner, M., Sex in Public. Critical Inquiry (1998), 547-566.
10. Briggs, L, "Familiar Territory: Prostitution, Empires, and the Question of US Imperialism in Puerto Rico, 1849-1916", in Families of a New World: Gender, Politics, and State Development in a Global Context, eds. L. Haney & L. Pollard (New York: Routledge, 2003), 40-63.
11. Butler, J., Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity (New York: Routledge, 1990).
12. Camacho, M., Estudio De Impacto Del Programa De Caja Solidarias Implementadas For El Proyecto P.R.O.D.E.P.I.N.E. En Pueblos Y Nacionalidades Del Ecuador (Quito: P.R.O.D.E.P.I.N.E., 2002).
13. Carabine, J., "A Straight Playing Field or Queering the Pitch? Centering Sexuality in Social Policy", Feminist Review 54 (autumn 1996), 31-64.
14. Cleaver, F., (ed.), Men and Masculinities: New Directions in Gender and Development (London/New York: Zed Books, 2002).
15. Cohen, C., "Punks, Bulldaggers, and Welfare Queens", GLQ 3 (1997), 437-465.
16. Collins, J., "Linking Movement and Electoral Politics: Ecuador's Indigenous Movement and the Rise of Pachakutik", in Politics in the Andes: Identity, Conflict, Reform, eds. J. Burt & P. Mauceri (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2004), 38-57.
17. Colloreado-Mansfeld, R., The Native Leisure Class: Consumption And Cultural Creativity in the Andes (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999).
18. Conejo, M., Hablando de Sexualidad con Adolescentes Indígenas: Escuelas del Sistema Intercultural Bilingüe Imbabura (Otavalo: Jambi Huasi, 2002-2003).
19. Cooper, D., Power in Struggle: Feminism, Sexuality and the State (Buckingham: Open University Press, 1995).
20. Correia, M., Ecuador Gender Review: Issues and Recommendations. A World Bank Country Study (Washington B.C.: World Bank, 2000).
21. Correia, M., "Gender Dimensions of Vulnerability to Exogenous Shocks: The Case of Ecuador", in Crisis and Dollarization in Ecuador: Stability, Growth, and Social Equity, eds. P. Beckerman & A. Solimano (Washington D.C.: World Bank, 2002), 177-215.
22. Crain, M., "The Gendering of Ethnicity in the Ecuadorian Andres: Native Women's Self-Fashioning in the Urban Marketplace", in Machos, Mistresses, Madonnas: Contesting the Power of Latin American Gender Imagery, eds. M. Melhaus & K.A. Stolen (London: Verso, 1996), 134-158.
23. de la Cadena, M., "Women Are More Indian: Ethnicity and Gender in a Community near Cuzco", in Ethnicity, Markets, and Migration in the Andes: At the Crossroads of History and Anthropology, eds. B. Larson, O. Harris & Tandeter E. (Durham: Duke University Press, 1995), 329-348.
24. Elson, D., "Gender-Aware Analysis and Development Economics", in The Political Economy of Development and Underdevelopment, eds. K.P. Jameson & C.K. Wilber (6th ed. (New York: McGraw Hill, 1996).
25. Eguiguren, A. Maldonado, A. & Marchán, M., Seis Estudios De Caso Sobre Identidades Y Roles De Género En Las Nacionalidades Y Pueblos Del Ecuador: Estudio De Caso Sobre El Pueblo Chachi - Fecche, Norte De Esmereldas (Quito: P.R.O.D.E.P.I.N.E., 2002).
26. Escobar, A., Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995).
27. Fausto-Sterling, A., Sexing the Body: Gender Politics and the Construction of Sexuality (New York: Basic Books, 2000).
28. Folbre, N., Who Pays for the Kids? Gender and the Structures of Constraint (New York: Routledge, 1994).
29. Fox, J. & Brown, D., The Struggle for Accountability: The World Bank, NGOs, and Grassroots Movements (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1998).
30. Gibson-Graham, J.K., The End of Capitalism (as We Knew It): A Feminist Critique of Political Economy (Basil Blackwell: Cambridge, 1996).
31. Glenn, E.N., "From Servitude to Service Work: Historical Continuities in the Racial Division of Paid Domestic Labor", Signs 18/1 (Autumn 1992), 1-44.
32. Guamán, H.G., Seguimiento a Cajas Solidarias Tipo a, Regional Sierra Centro. Subcomponents De Servicios Financieros Rurales: Programa De Cajas Solidarias (Quito: P.R.O.D.E.P.I.N.E., 2003).
33. Gutmann, M., "Introduction: Discarding Manly Dichotomies in Latin America", in Changing Men and Masculinities in Latin America, ed. M. Gutmann (Durham: Duke University Press, 2003), 1-26.
34. Hafner-Burton, E. & Pollack, M., "Mainstreaming Gender in Global Governance", European Journal of International Relations 8/3 (2002), 339-373.
35. Hamilton, S., The Two-Headed Household: Gender and Rural Development in the Ecuadorian Andes (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1998).
36. Hancock, G., Lords of Poverty: The Power, Prestige, and Corruption of the International Aid Business (New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1989).
37. Hendricks, J., "Symbolic Counterhegemony among the Ecuadorian Shuar", in Nation-States and Indians in Latin America, eds. G. Urban & J. Sherzer (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1991), 53-71.
38. Hernandez Basante K., Talleres de validación de la incorporacion de los elementos de género en el manual de diagnóstico comunitario e identification participativa de proyectos con enfoque de equidad entre hombres y mujeres (Quito: PROGENIAL, n.d.).
39. Herrera Mosquera, G., "Introduccíon", in Antología De Estudios De Género, ed. G. Herrera Mosquera (Quito: FLASC0-Ecuador/ILDIS, 2001), 9-50.
40. Kleitz, G., Why Is Development Work So Straight? (Brighton: Institute of Development Studies, 2000) Seminar Paper.
41. Kyle, D., Transnational Peasants: Migrations, Networks, and Ethnicity in Andean Ecuador (Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 2000).
42. Laqueur, T., Making Sex: Body and Gender from the Greeks to Freud (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1990).
43. Larson, B., Harris, O. & Tandeter, E., (eds.), Ethnicity, Markets, and Migration in the Andes: At the Crossroads of History and Anthropology (Durham: Duke University Press, 1995).
44. Mallaby, S., The World's Banker: A Story of Failed States, Financial Crises, and the Wealth and Poverty of Nations (New York: Penguin Press, 2004).
45. Meisch, L., Andean Entrepreneurs: Otavalo Merchants and Musicians in the Global Arena (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2002).
46. Moser, C., Tornqvist, A. & van Bronkhorst, B., Mainstreaming Gender and Development in the World Bank: Progress and Recommendations (Washington D.C.: World Bank, 1999).
47. Moser, C., Confronting Crisis: A Summary of Household Responses to Poverty and Vulnerability in Four Poor Urban Communities (Washington D.C.: Environmentally Sustainable Development Studies and Monographs Series No. 7: World Bank, 1996).
48. Moser, C., Household Responses to Poverty and Vulnerability Volume 1: Confronting Crisis in Cisne Dos, Guayaquil, Ecuador, Urban Management Program Policy Paper 21 (Washington DC.: World Bank, 1997).
49. Muňoz Consejal, R., Memoria Del Taller De Sensibilización De Género Y Equidad; Comité De Desarrollo Local De Guamote (Quito: P.R.O.D.E.P.I.N.E., 2002).
50. Murphy, J., Gender Issues in World Bank Lending (Washington D.C.: World Bank, 1995).
51. North, L., "State Building, State Dismantling, and Financial Crises in Ecuador", in Politics in the Andes: Identity, Conflict, Reform, eds. J. Burt & P. Mauceri (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2004), 186-206.
52. O'Brien, R. Goetz, A.M. Scholte, J.A. & Williams, M., Contesting Global Governance: Multilateral Economic Institutions and Global Social Movements (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000).
53. Pallares, A., From Peasant Struggles to Indian Resistance: The Ecuadorian Andes in the late Twentieth Century (Norman: University of California Press, 2002).
54. Payer, C., The World Bank: A Critical Analysis (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1982).
55. Peterson, V.S., "Rewriting (Global) Political Economy as Reproductive, Productive, and Virtual (Foucauldian) Economies", International Feminist Journal of Politics 4/1 (2002), 1-31.
56. Phelan, S., "Queer Liberalism?", American Political Science Review, (June 2000), 94/2 (June 2000), 431-437.
57. Povinelli, E., The Cunning of Recognition: Indigenous Alterities and the Making of Australian Multiculturalism (Durham: Duke University Press, 2002).
58. P.R.O.D.E.P.I.N.E., Documento Básico Y Orientador Sobre El Tema Género (Quito: P.R.O.D.E.P.I.N.E., 2001).
59. P.R.O.D.E.P.I.N.E., Informe de Cierre del Proyecto de Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indigenas y Negros del Ecuador (Quito: P.R.O.D.E.P.I.N.E., 2002).
60. P.R.O.D.E.P.I.N.E., Sistematización del Primer Congreso de Las Mujeres de la OSG COCIP: Tema: Género y Equidad. Quito, P.R.O.D.E.P.I.N.E., nd.
61. Quintero-Andrade, R., Herramientas Metodogicas De Diagnostico Para Implemen-tar Un Enfoque De Equidad Entre Hombres Y Mujeres. Quito, P.R.O.D.E.-P.I.N.E., 2001.
62. Radcliffe, S. & Westwood, S., Remaking the Nation: Place, Identity and Politics in Latin America (New York: Routledge, 1996).
63. Rahier, J.M., "Racist Stereotypes and the Embodiment of Blackness: Some Narratives of Female Sexuality in Quito", in Millennial Ecuador: Critical essays on Cultural Transformations and Social Dynamics, eds. N. Whitten & Jr. (Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2003).
64. Rosemblatt, K.A., Gendered Compromises: Political Cultures and the State in Chile, 1920-1950 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000).
65. Sawyer, S., Crude Chronicles: Indigenous Politics, Multinational Oil, and Neoliber-alism in Ecuador (Durham: Duke University Press, 2004).
66. Smith, A.M., "The Politicization of Marriage in Contemporary American Public Policy: The Defense of Marriage Act and the Personal Responsibility Act", Citizenship Studies 5/3 (2001), 303-320.
67. Sparr, P., (ed.), Mortgaging Women's Lives: Feminist Critiques of Structural Adjustment (London: Zed Books, 1994).
68. Stevens, J., Reproducing the State (Princeton UP: Princeton, 1999).
69. Stiglitz, J., "The World Bank at the Millennium", The Economic Journal 109 (1999), 577-97.
70. Stoler, A., Race and the Education of Desire: Foucault's History of Sexuality and the Colonial Order of Things (Durham: Duke University Press, 1995).
71. Terry, J., An American Obsession: Science, Medicine, and Homosexuality in Modern Society (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999).
72. Treakle, K., "Ecuador: Structural Adjustment and Indigenous and Environmentalist Resistance", in The Struggle for Accountability: The World Bank, NGOs, and Grassroots Movements, eds. J. Fox & D. Brown (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1998), 219-264.
73. Vallejo Real, I., Estudio De Caso En El Pueblo Afro-Ecuatoriano De San Lorenzo - Esmereldas (Quito: P.R.O.D.E.P.I.N.E., 2002a).
74. Vallejo Real, I., Estudio De Caso En El Pueblo Kichwa De Toacazo-Cotopaxi (Quito: Programa de Género y Patrimonio Cultural, P.R.O.D.E.P.I.N.E., 2002b).
75. Velasquez, C., Memoria Del Taller De Políticas Públicas Y Equidad Entre Hombres Y Mujeres, Peguche (Quito: P.R.O.D.E.P.I.N.E., 2000).
76. Waring, M., If Women Counted: A New Feminist Economics (San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1988).
77. Whitten, N., (ed.), Millennial Ecuador: Critical Essays on Cultural Transformations and Social Dynamics (Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2003).
78. Williams, D., "Constructing Economic Space: The World Bank and the Making of Homo Oeconomicus", Millennium: Journal of International Studies 28/1 (1999), 79-99.
79. Wilson, A., The Intimate Economies of Bangkok: Tomboys, Tycoons, and Avon Ladies in the Global City (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004).
80. Wood, C.A., "Adjustment with a Woman's Face: Gender and Macroeconomic Policy at the World Bank", in Struggles for Social Rights in Latin America, eds. S.E. Eckstein & T. Wickham-Crowley (New York: Routledge, 2003), 209-230.
81. World Bank., Indigenous and Afro Ecuadorian People's Development Project: Project Appraisal Document (Washington D.C.: World Bank, 1997a) Report number: 17212. Loan number 4277/P269.
82. World Bank., Indigenous and AfroEcuadorian People's Development Project: Project Information Document (Washington D.C.: World Bank, 1997b) Report number PIC 3364. Loan number 4277.
83. World Bank., Summary: Technical Assistance Funding Proposal for Japan PHRD Fund (Spring 2000 tranche) (Washington D.C.: World Bank, 2000).
84. World Bank., Engendering Development through Gender Equality in Rights, Resources, and Voice (Washington B.C.: World Bank/Oxford University Press, 2001).
85. World Bank., Ecuador Country Assistance Strategy (Washington D.C.: World Bank, 2003a) Report Number 25817.
86. World Bank., Indigenous and AfroEcuadorian People's Development Project: Implementation Completion Report (Washington D.C.: World Bank, 2003b) Report Number 25361, loan number 4277/P269.
87. World Bank, (2004a) Basic Data on Ecuador Website World Bank [cited 18 Sept 2004]. Available from http://www.worldbank.org/ec.
88. World Bank., Ecuador Poverty Assessment (Washington D.C.: World Bank, 2004b) PREM Sector Unit, LAC Region, April 2004, Report number 27061-EC.
89. World Bank., Second Indigenous and AfroEcuadorian People's Development Project: Project Information Document (World Bank: Washington D.C., 2004c) Report Number: AB 624 (April 15).
90. World Bank, The Faces of Inclusion. World Bank Social Development Department (Washington D.C.: World Bank, nd).
91. Yunus, M., "Preface: Redefining Development", in 50 Years Is Enough, ed. K. Danaher (Boston: South End Press, 1994).