Efficacy and systemic side-effects of topical 0.5% timolol aqueous solution and 0.1% timolol hydrogel

Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica

Volumn 83, Issue 6, 2005, Pages 723-728

  Uusitalo, Hannu ^a,b   Niño, Juanita ^a   Tahvanainen, Kari ^a   Turjanmaa, Väinö ^a   Ropo, Auli ^c   Touminen, Juhani ^d   Kähönen, Mika ^a  

^a TAMPERE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Finland)

^b KUOPIO UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Finland)

^c Santen Oy   (Finland)

^d UNIVERSITY OF TURKU   (Finland)

Author keywords

Beta adrenergic blockers; Heart rate; Intraocular pressure; Timolol

Indexed keywords

EYE DROPS; TIMOLOL; TIMOLOL MALEATE;

ADULT; AREA UNDER THE CURVE; ARTICLE; CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECT; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSSOVER PROCEDURE; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG FORMULATION; FEMALE; GLAUCOMA; HEART RATE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; HYDROGEL; HYPOTENSION; INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SIDE EFFECT;

ABSORPTION; ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS; ADULT; AREA UNDER CURVE; BIOLOGICAL AVAILABILITY; BLOOD PRESSURE; CROSS-OVER STUDIES; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; EXERCISE; FEMALE; HEART RATE; HUMANS; HYDROGELS; INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE; MALE; OPHTHALMIC SOLUTIONS; RESPIRATORY FUNCTION TESTS; TIMOLOL; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 29244470816     PISSN: 13953907     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0420.2005.00562.x     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Atkins JM, Pugh BR & Timewell RM (1985): Cardiovascular effects of topical betablockers during exercise. Am J Ophthalmol 99: 173-175.
2. Bevilacqua M, Savonitto S, Bosisio E, Chebat E, Bertora PL, Sardina. M & Norbiato G (1989): Role of the Frank-Starling mechanism in maintaining cardiac output during increased levels of treadmill exercise in beta-blocked normal men. Am J Cardiol 63: 853-857.
3. Brooks AMV & Gillies WE (1992): Ocular beta-blockers in glaucoma management. Clinical pharmacological aspects. Drugs Aging 2: 208-221.
4. Dickstein K & Aarsland T (1996): Comparison of the effects of aqueous and gellan ophthalmic timolol on peak exercise performance in middle-aged men. Am J Ophthalmol 121: 367-371.
5. Dickstein K, Hapnes R & Aarsland T (2001): Comparison of aqueous and gellan ophthalmic timolol with placebo on the 24-hour heart rate response in patients on treatment for glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol 132: 626-631.
6. Dickstein K, Hapnes R, Aarsland T, Kristianson K & Viksmoen L (1988): Comparison of topical timolol versus betaxolol on cardiopulmonary exercise performance in healthy volunteers. Acta Ophthalmol 66: 463-466.
7. Diggory P, Heyworth P, Chan G, McKenzie S & Sharma A (1994): Unsuspected bronchospasm in association with topical timolol - a common problem in elderly people: can we easily identify those affected and do cardioselective agents lead to improvement? Age Ageing 23: 17-21.
8. Doyle WJ, Weber PA & Meeks RH (1984): Effect of topical timolol maleate on exercise performance. Arch Ophthalmol 102: 1517-1518.
9. Everitt DE & Avorn J (1990): Systemic effects of medications used to treat glaucoma. Ann Int Med 112: 120-125.
10. Fraunfelder FT & Barker AF (1984): Respiratory effects of timolol. N Engl J Med 311: 144.
11. Frishman WH, Kowalski M, Nagnur S, Warshafsky S & Sica D (2001): Cardiovascular considerations in using topical, oral and intravenous drugs for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Heart Dis 3: 386-397.
12. Hayreh SS, Podhajsky P & Zimmerman MB (1999): Beta-blocker eyedrops and nocturnal arterial hypotension. Am J Ophthalmol 128: 301-309.
13. Kaila T, Huupponen R, Karhuvaara S, Havula P, Scheinin M, Iisalo E & Salminen L (1991): Beta-blocking effects of timolol at low plasma concentrations. Clin Pharmacol Ther 49: 53-58.
14. Lee VHL (1993): Precorneal, corneal and postcorneal factors. In: Mita AK (ed). Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems. New York: Marcel Dekker 59-81.
15. Leier CV, Baker ND & Weber PA (1986): Cardiovascular effects of ophthalmic timolol. Ann Int Med 104: 197-199.
16. Nelson WL, Fraunfelder FT, Sills JM, Arrowsmith JB & Kuritsky JN (1986): Adverse respiratory and cardiovascular events attributed to timolol ophthalmic solution, 1978-1985. Am J Ophthalmol 102: 606-611.
17. Niño J, Tahvanainen K, Uusitalo H et al. (2002): Cardiovascular effects of ophthalmic 0.5% timolol aqueous solution and 0.1% timolol hydrogel. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 22: 271-278.
18. Rouland JF, Morel-Mandrino P, Elena PP, Polzer H & Sunder Raj P (2002): Timolol 1% gel (Nyogel 0.1%) once daily versus conventional timolol 0.5% solution twice daily: a comparison of efficacy and safety. Ophthalmologica 216: 449-454.
19. Sharifi M, Koch M, Steele RJ, Adler D, Pompili VJ & Sopko J (2001): Third degree AV block due to ophthalmic timolol solution. Int J Cardiol 80: 257-259.
20. Shedden A, Laurence J & Tipping R (2001): Efficacy and tolerability of timolol maleate ophthalmic gel-forming solution versus timolol ophthalmic solution in adults with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension: a 6-month, double-masked, multicentre study. Clin Ther 23: 440-450.
21. Sica DA (2001): Ophthalmically administered beta-blockers and their cardiopulmonary effects. J Clin Hypertens 3: 175-178.
22. Silverstone D, Zimmerman T, Choplin N, Mundorf T, Rose A, Stoecker J, Kelley E & Lue J (1991): Evaluation of once-daily levobunolol 0.25% and timolol 0.25% therapy for increased intraocular pressure. Am J Ophthalmol 112: 2-6.
23. Stewart WC, Day DG, Holmes KT & Stewart JA (2001): Effect of timolol 0.5% gel and solution on pulmonary function in older glaucoma patients. J Glaucoma 10: 227-232.
24. Stewart WC & Garrison PM (1998): Betablocker-induced complications and the patient with glaucoma. Newer treatments to help reduce systemic adverse events. Arch Intern Med 158: 221-226.
25. Thylefors B, Négrel AD, Pararajasegaram R & Dadzie KY (1995): Global data on blindness. Bull World Health Organ 73: 115-121.
26. Urtti A, Pipkin JD, Rork G & Repta AJ (1990): Controlled drug delivery devices for experimental ocular studies with timolol. In vitro release studies. Int J Pharm 61: 235-240.