The composition of coexisting jarosite-group minerals and water from the Richmond mine, Iron Mountain, California

Canadian Mineralogist

Volumn 43, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 1225-1242

  Jamieson, Heather E ^a   Robinson, Clare ^a   Alpers, Charles N ^b   Nordstrom, D Kirk ^b   Poustovetov, Alexei ^a   Lowers, Heather A ^c  

^a QUEEN S UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

^c DENVER FEDERAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Acid mine drainage; Aqueous speciation; California; Jarosite; Richmond mine; Solid solution

Indexed keywords

ACIDITY; COMPOSITION; CRYSTALS; MICROANALYSIS; PH; PYRITES; SOLID SOLUTIONS; SULFATE MINERALS; SUPERSATURATION; WATER; X RAY ANALYSIS;

ACID MINE-DRAINAGE; AQUEOUS SPECIATION; CALIFORNIA; JAROSITE-GROUP MINERALS; RICHMOND MINE; SPECIATION MODELING; STALACTITES;

IRON MINES;

ACID MINE DRAINAGE; HYDROCHEMISTRY; JAROSITE;

CALIFORNIA; IRON MOUNTAIN; NORTH AMERICA; RICHMOND MINE; UNITED STATES;

EID: 29244462346     PISSN: 00084476     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2113/gscanmin.43.4.1225     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Alpers, C.N. & Brimhall, G.H (1989): Paleohydrologic evolution and geochemical dynamics of cumulative supergene metal enrichment at La Escondida, Atacama Desert, northern Chile. Econ. Geol. 84, 229-255.
2. Alpers, C.N., Nordstrom, D.K. & Ball, J.W. (1989): Solubility of jarosite solid solutions precipitated from acid mine waters, Iron Mountain, California, U.S.A. Sciences Géologiques, Bull. 42, 281-298.
3. Alpers, C.N., Nordstrom, D.K. & Burchard, J. (1992): Compilation and interpretation of water-quality and discharge data for acidic mine waters from Iron Mountain, California 1940-91. U.S. Geol. Surv., Water-Resources Invest. Rep. 91-4160.
4. Alpers, C.N., Nordstrom, D.K. & Spitzley, J. (2003): Extreme acid mine drainage from a pyritic massive sulfide deposit: the Iron Mountain end-member. In Environmental Aspects of Mine Wastes (J.L. Jambor, D.W. Blowes & A.I.M. Ritchie, eds.). Mineral. Assoc. Can., Short Course Vol. 31, 407-430.
5. Alpers, C.N., Nordstrom, D.K. & Thompson, J.M. (1994): Seasonal variations of Zn/Cu ratios in acid mine water from Iron Mountain, California. In Environmental Geochemistry of Sulfide Oxidation (C.N. Alpers & D.W. Blowes, eds.). Am. Chem. Soc., Symp. Ser. 550, 324-344.
6. Ball, J.W., Nordstrom, D.K. & Zachmann, D.W. (1987): WATEQ4F. A personal computer FORTRAN translation of the geochemical model WATEQ2 (with revised database, 1999). U.S. Geol. Surv., Open File Rep. 87-50.
7. Baron, D. & Palmer, C.D. (1996): Solubility of jarosite at 4-35°C. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 60, 185-195.
8. Bigham, J.M. (1994): Mineralogy of ochre deposits formed by sulfide oxidation. In The Environmental Geochemistry of Sulfide Mine-Wastes (J.L. Jambor & D.W. Blowes, eds.). Mineral. Assoc. Can., Short Course Vol. 22, 103-132.
9. Bigham, J.M. & Nordstrom, D.K. (2000): Iron and aluminum hydroxysulfates from acid sulfate waters. In Sulfate Minerals: Crystallography, Geochemistry, and Environmental Significance (C.N. Alpers, J.L. Jambor & D.K. Nordstrom, eds.). Rev. Mineral. Geochem. 40, 351-393.
10. Brophy, G.P. & Sheridan, M.F. (1965): Sulfate studies. IV. The jarosite - natrojarosite - hydronium jarosite solid solution series. Am. Mineral. 50, 1595-1607.
11. Cabri, L.J. & Campbell, J.L. (1998): The proton microprobe in ore mineralogy (micro-PIXE technique). In Modern Approaches to Ore and Environmental Mineralogy (L.J. Cabri & D.J. Vaughan, eds.) Mineral. Assoc. Can., Short Course Vol. 27, 181-198.
12. Doyle, J.H. & Chambers, W.F. (1981): ZAF80: an improved quantitative analysis for the Flextran language system. Rockwell International, RFP-3215.
13. 3O jarosites. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 67, 2063-2076.
14. Drouet, C., Pass, K.L., Baron, D., Draucker, S. & Navrotsky, A. (2004): Thermochemistry of jarosite - alunite and natrojarosite - natroalunite solid solutions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 68, 2197-2205.
15. Dutrizac, J.E. & Jambor, J.L. (2000): Jarosites and their application in hydrometallurgy. In Sulfate Minerals: Crystallography, Geochemistry, and Environmental Significance (C.N. Alpers, J.L. Jambor & D.K. Nordstrom, eds.). Rev. Mineral. Geochem. 40, 405-443.
16. Edwards, K.J., Bond, P.L., Gihring, T.M. & Banfield, J.F. (2000): An Archaean iron-oxidizing extreme acidophile important in acid mine drainage. Science 287, 1796-1799.
17. Fournier, R.O. (1985): The behavior of silica in hydrothermal systems. In Geology and Geochemistry of Epithermal Systems (BR. Berger & P.M. Bethke, eds.). Rev. Econ. Geol. 2, 45-62.
18. Härtig, C., Brand, P. & Bohmhammel, K. (1984): Fe-Allomorphie und Strukturwasser in Kristallen von Jarosit-Alunit-Typ. Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 508, 159-164.
19. Hochella, M.F., Jr., Moore, J.N., Putnis, C.V., Putnis, A., Kasama, T. & Eberl, D.D. (2005): Direct observation of heavy metal - mineral association from the Clark Fork River Superfund Complex: implications for metal transport and bioavailability. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 69, 1651-1663.
20. Hunt, J.B., Clift, P.D., Lacasse, C., Vallier, T.L. & Werner, R. (1998): Interlaboratory comparison of electron microprobe analysis of glass geochemistry. In Scientific Results (A.D. Saunders, H.C. Larsen & S.W. Wise, Jr., eds.). Proc. Ocean Drilling Program 152, 85-90.
21. Hunt, J.B., & Hill, P.G. (1993): Tephra geochemistry: a discussion of some persistent analytical problems. Holocene 3, 271-278.
22. Jambor, J.L. (1994): Mineralogy of sulfide-rich tailings and their oxidation products. In Environmental Geochemistry of Sulfide Mine-Wastes (J.L. Jambor & D.W. Blowes, eds.). Mineral. Assoc. Can., Short Course Vol. 22, 59-102.
23. Jambor, J.L. (1999): Nomenclature of the alunite supergroup. Can. Mineral. 37, 1323-1341.
24. Jambor, J.L., Nordstrom, D.K. & Alpers, C.N. (2000): Metalsulfate salts from sulfide mineral oxidation. In Sulfate Minerals: Crystallography, Geochemistry, and Environmental Significance (C.N. Alpers, J.L. Jambor & D.K. Nordstrom, eds.). Rev. Mineral. Geochem. 40, 303-350.
25. Jamieson, H.E., Nordstrom, D.K., Alpers, C.N. & Peterson, R.C. (1999): The incorporation of toxic elements in iron sulfates precipitated from acid mine waters. In Sudbury '99: Mining and the Environment II (D. Goldsack, N. Belzile, P. Yearwood & G. Hall, eds.). 1, 231-241.
26. Jamieson, H.E., Robinson, C., Alpers, C.N., McCleskey, R.B., Nordstrom, D.K. & Peterson, R.C. (2005): Major and trace element composition of copiapite-group minerals and coexisting water from the Richmond mine, Iron Mountain, California. Chem. Geol. 215, 387-405.
27. Jamieson, H.E., Shaw, S.C. & Clark, A.H. (1995): Mineralogical factors controlling metal release at GECO, Manitouwadge, Ontario. In Sudbury '95: Mining and the Environment (T.P. Hynes & M.C. Blanchette, eds.). 1, 405-415.
28. JCPDS (Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards) (1997): Mineral Powder Diffraction File. International Centre for Diffraction Data, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania.
29. f,298 of synthetic jarosite and its sulfate analogues. Geochem. Int. 12, 115-121.
30. Kinkel, A.R., Hall, W.E. & Albers, J.P. (1956): Geology and base-metal deposits of West Shasta copper-zinc district, Shasta County, California. U.S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Pap. 285.
31. Kubisz, J. (1961): Natural hydronium jarosite. Bull. Acad. Polon. Sci., Ser. Sci. Geol. Geogr. 8, 1-10.
32. 6. Phys. Chem. Minerals 31, 518-531.
33. Makita, S.N. & Fujii, R. (1992): Quality assurance practices of the U.S. Geological Survey laboratory in Sacramento, California. U.S. Geol. Surv., Open-File Rep. 91-522.
34. Munsell Color Company, Inc. (1954): Munsell® Soil Color Charts. Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
35. Nordstrom, D.K. (1977): Hydrogeochemical and Microbiological Factors Affecting the Heavy Metal Geochemistry of an Acid Mine Drainage System. Ph.D. thesis, Stanford Univ., Stanford, California, USA.
36. Nordstrom, D.K. & Alpers, C.N. (1995): Remedial investigations, decisions, and the geochemical consequences at Iron Mountain mine, California. In Sudbury '95: Mining and the Environment (T.P. Hynes & M.C. Blanchette, eds.). 1, 633-642.
37. Nordstrom, D.K. & Alpers, C.N. (1999a): Negative pH, efflorescent mineralogy, and consequences for environment restoration at the Iron Mountain Superfund site, California. In Geology, Mineralogy, and Human Welfare (J.V. Smith, P.R. Buseck & M. Ross, eds.). Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 96, 3455-3462.
38. Nordstrom, D.K. & Alpers, C.N. (1999b): Geochemistry of acid mine waters. In The Environmental Geochemistry of Mineral Deposits (G.S. Plumlee & M.J. Logsdon, eds.). Rev. Econ. Geol. 6A, 133-160.
39. Nordstrom, D.K. & Alpers, C.N., Ptacek, C.J. & Blowes, D.W. (2000): Negative pH and extremely acidic mine waters from Iron Mountain, California. Env. Sci. Tech. 34, 254-258.
40. Nordstrom, D.K. & Potter, R.W., II (1977): The interactions between acid mine water and rhyolite. Proc. Second Int. Symp. on Water-Rock Interaction (Strasbourg), I-15 - I-26.
41. Paktunc, D. & Dutrizac, J.E. (2003): Characterization of arsenate-for-sulfate substitution in synthetic jarosite using X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Can. Mineral. 41, 905-919.
42. Rimstidt, J.D. & Barnes, H.L. (1980): The kinetics of silica water reactions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 44, 1683-1699.
43. Ripmeester, J.A., Ratcliffe, C.I., Dutrizac, J.E. & Jambor, J.L. (1986): Hydronium ion in the alunite-jarosite group. Can. Mineral. 24, 435-447.
44. Robbins, E.I., Rodgers, T.M., Alpers, C.N. & Nordstrom, D.K. (2000): Ecogeochemistry of the subsurface food web at pH 0-2.5 in Iron Mountain, California, USA. Hydrobiologia 433, 15-23.
45. Robinson, C., Jamieson, H.E., Alpers, C.N. & Nordstrom, D.K. (2000): The composition of co-existing jarosite and water from the Richmond mine, Iron Mountain, CA. Geol. Soc. Am., Abstr. Programs 32, A101.
46. Robinson, I.C. (2000): The Role of Jarosite and Copiapite in the Chemical Evolution of Acid Drainage Waters, Richmond Mine, Iron Mountain, California. M.Sc. thesis, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario.
47. Savage, K.S., Bird, D.K. & O'Day, P.A. (2005): Arsenic speciation in synthetic jarosite. Chem. Geol. 215, 473-493.
48. Scott, K.M. (1987) Solid solution in, and classification of, gossan-derived members of the alunite-jarosite family, northwest Queensland, Australia. Am. Mineral. 72, 178-187.
49. Stoffregen, R.E. & Alpers, C.N. (1987): Woodhouseite and svanbergite in hydrothermal ore deposits: products of apatite destruction during advanced argillic alteration. Can. Mineral. 25, 201-211.
50. Stoffregen, R.E. & Alpers, C.N., & Jambor, J.L. (2000): Alunite-jarosite crystallography, thermodynamics and geochronology. In Sulfate Minerals: Crystallography, Geochemistry and Environmental Significance (C.N. Alpers, J.L. Jambor & D.K. Nordstrom, eds.). Rev. Mineral. Geochem. 40, 454-475.
51. Stookey, L.L. (1970): Ferrozine - a new spectrophotometric reagent for iron. Anal. Chem. 42, 779-781.
52. To, T.B., Nordstrom, D.K., Cunningham, K.M., Ball, J.W. & McCleskey, R.B. (1999): New method for the direct determination of Fe(III) concentration in acid mine waters. Env. Sci. Tech. 33, 807-813.
53. Van Everdingen, R.O., Shakur, M.A. & Michel, F.A. (1985): Oxygen- and sulfur-isotope geochemistry of acidic groundwater discharge in British Columbia, Yukon and the District of Mackenzie, Canada. Can. J. Earth Sci. 22, 1689-1695.
54. Zotov, A.V. (1970): Jarosite in sediments from thermal waters of Kunashir Island. In Mineralogy of the Hydrothermal Systems of Kamchatka and Kurile Islands (S.I. Naboka, ed.). Nauka, Moscow, USSR (in Russ.; 165-187).