The vertical profile of entrainment rate simulated by a cloud-resolving model and application to a cumulus parameterization

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

Volumn 83, Issue 5, 2005, Pages 745-770

  Murata, Akihiko ^a   Ueno, Mitsuru ^a  

^a METEOROLOGICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CUMULUS; ENTRAINMENT; PARAMETERIZATION; TROPICAL CYCLONE; VERTICAL PROFILE;

EID: 29144435665     PISSN: 00261165     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2151/jmsj.83.745     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Alexander, G.D. and W.R. Cotton, 1998: The use of cloud-resolving simulations of mesoscale convective systems to build a mesoscale parameterization scheme. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2137-2161.
2. Arakawa, A. and W.H. Schubert, 1974: Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large-scale environment, Part I. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 674-701.
3. Baik, J.-J., M. DeMaria, and S. Raman, 1991: Tropical cyclone simulations with the Betts convective adjustment scheme. Part III: Comparisons with the Kuo convective parameterization. Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 2889-2899.
4. Blyth, A.M., 1993: Entrainment in cumulus clouds. J. Appl. Meteor., 32, 626-641.
5. Braun, S.A. and R.A. Houze Jr, 1994: The transition zone and secondary maximum of radar reflectivity behind a midlatitude squall line: Results retrieved from Doppler radar data. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 2733-2755.
6. Cohen, C., 2000: A quantitative investigation of entrainment and detrainment in numerically simulated cumulonimbus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 1657-1674.
7. Emanuel, K.A., 1991: A scheme for representing cumulus convection in large-scale model. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 2313-2335.
8. Gadd, A.J. and J.F. Keers, 1970: Surface exchanges of sensible and latent heat in a 10-level model atmosphere. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 96, 297-308.
9. Gregory, D., 2001: Estimation of entrainment rate in simple models of convective clouds. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 127, 53-72.
10. Grell, G.A., 1993: Prognostic evaluation of assumptions used by cumulus parameterizations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 764-787.
11. Grinnell, S.A., C.S. Bretherton, D.E. Stevens, and A.M. Fraser, 1996: Vertical mass flux calculations in Hawaii trade cumulus clouds from dual-Doppler radar. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 1870-1886.
12. Houghton, H.G. and H.E. Cramer, 1951: A theory of entrainment in convective currents. J. Meteor., 8, 95-102.
13. Ikawa, M., H. Mizuno, T. Matsuo, M. Murakami, Y. Yamada, and K. Saito, 1991: Numerical modeling of the convective snow cloud over the Sea of Japan. - Precipitation mechanism and sensitivity to ice crystal nucleation rates - J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 69, 641-667.
14. Kain, J.S. and J.M. Fritsch, 1990: A one-dimensional entrainment/ detrainment plume model and its application in convective parameterization. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 2784-2802.
15. Kato, T., 1995: A box-Lagrangian rain-drop scheme. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 73, 241-245.
16. Kuma, K., C.-H. Cho, C. Muroi, and M. Ueno, 1993: Improvement of typhoon track forecast by the JMA global model: An impact of cumulus parameterization. Papers presented at the third Technical Conference on SPECTRUM. Report No. TCP-33, WMO/TD-No. 595. World Meteor. Org., Geneva, Switzerland, IV1-8.
17. Lin, C. and A. Arakawa, 1997: The macroscopic entrainment processes of simulated cumulus ensemble. Part II: Testing the entraining-plume model. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 1044-1053.
18. Lin, C. and A. Arakawa, 1999: Some bulk properties of cumulus ensembles by a cloud-resolving model. Part II: Entrainment profiles. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 3736-3748.
19. Lin, Y.H., R.D. Farley, and H.D. Orville, 1983: Bulk parameterization of the snow field in a cloud model. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 22, 1065-1092.
20. Liu, C., M.W. Moncrieff, and W.W. Grabowski, 2001a: Hierarchical modelling of tropical convective systems using explicit and parametrized approaches. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 127, 493-515.
21. Liu, C., M.W. Moncrieff, and W.W. Grabowski, 2001b: Explicit and parameterized realizations of convective cloud systems in TOGA COARE. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 1689-1703.
22. Load, S.J. and A. Arakawa, 1980: Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large-scale environment, Part II. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2677-2692.
23. Mashiko, W., K. Saito, and M. Ueno, 2001: Development of a typhoon model using MRI-NHM (Part II). Proc. the Spring Conference of Japan Meteor. Soc., 79, P270 (in Japanese).
24. Moncrieff, M.W., S.K. Krueger, D. Gregory, J.-L. Redelsperger, and W.-K. Tao, 1997: GEWEX Cloud System Study (GCSS) Working Group 4: Precipitating convective cloud systems. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 78, 831-845.
25. Moorthi, S. and M.J. Suarez, 1992: Relaxed Arakawa-Schubert: A parameterization of moist convection for general circulation models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 978-1002.
26. Murakami, M., 1990: Numerical modeling of dynamical and microphysical evolution of an isolated convective cloud. - The 19 July 1981 CCOPE cloud - J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 68, 107-128.
27. Murakami, M., T.L. Clark, and W.D. Hall, 1994: Numerical simulation of convective snow clouds over the Sea of Japan; Two-dimensional simulation of mixed layer development and convective snow cloud formation. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 72, 43-62.
28. Murata, A. and M. Ueno, 2000: The Effects of different cumulus parameterization schemes on the intensity forecast of typhoon Flo (1990). J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 78, 819-833.
29. Murata, A., K. Saito, and M. Ueno, 2003: The Effects of Precipitation Schemes and Horizontal Resolution on the Major Rainband in Typhoon Flo (1990) Predicted by the MRI Mesoscale Non-hydrostatic Model. Meteor. Atmos. Phy., 82, 55-73.
30. Numerical Prediction Division/Japan Meteorological Agency, 1997: Outline of the operational numerical weather prediction of the Japan Meteorological Agency. 126 pp. [Available from JMA, 1-3-4 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8122, Japan.]
31. Ooyama, K., 1971: A Theory on parameterization of cumulus convection. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 49, 744-756.
32. Randall, D.A. and D.M. Pan, 1993: Implementation of the Arakawa-Schubert cumulus parameterization with a prognostic closure. Meteor. Monogr., 46, 137-144.
33. Raymond, D.J. and A.M. Blyth, 1992: Extension of the stochastic mixing model to cumulonimbus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 1968-1983.
34. Reuter, G.W., 1986: A historical review of cumulus entrainment studies. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 67, 151-154.
35. Saito, K., T. Kato, H. Eito, and C. Muroi, 2001: Documentation of the Meteorological Research Institute/Numerical Prediction Division Unified Nonhydrostatic Model. Tech. Rep. of MRI, 42, p133.
36. Smith, R.K., 2000: The role of cumulus convection in hurricanes and its representation in hurricane models. Rev. Geophys., 38, 465-489.
37. Swann, H., 2001: Evaluation of the mass-flux approach to parametrizing deep convection. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 127, 1239-1260.
38. Tao, W.-K., J. Simpson, C.-H. Sui, B. Ferrier, S. Lang, J. Scala, M.-D. Chou, and K. Pickering, 1993: Heating, moisture, and water budgets of tropical and midlatitude squall lines: Comparisons and sensitivity to longwave radiation. J. atmos. Sci., 50, 673-690.
39. Tiedtke, M., 1989: A comprehensive mass flux scheme for cumulus parameterization in largescale models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 1779-1800.
40. Ueno, M., 1995: A study on the impact of asymmetric components around tropical cyclone center on the accuracy of bogus data and the track forecast. Meteor. Atmos. Phy., 56, 125-134.
41. Ueno, M., 2000: Numerical prediction for tropical cyclones. Meteor. Res. Notes, 197, 131-286 (in Japanese).
42. Yuter, S.E. and R.A. Houze Jr, 1995: Three-dimensional kinematic and microphysical evolution of Florida cumulonimbus. Part III: Vertical mass transport, mass divergence, and synthesis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 1964-1983.