The Clock Drawing Test: Diagnostic, functional, and neuroimaging correlates in older medically ill adults

Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences

Volumn 17, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 533-540

  Samton, Julia B ^a   Ferrando, Stephen J ^a,b   Sanelli, Pina ^a   Karimi, Sassan ^a   Raiteri, Valentine ^a   Barnhill, John W ^a  

^a WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE   (United States)

^b NEW YORK PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGED; ANXIETY DISORDER; ARTICLE; CLOCK DRAWING TEST; COGNITIVE DEFECT; COMORBIDITY; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DELIRIUM; DEMENTIA; DEPRESSION; DRAWING; FEMALE; GERIATRIC PATIENT; GERONTOPSYCHIATRY; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL DISEASE; MINI MENTAL STATE EXAMINATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSIS; PSYCHOLOGIC TEST; PSYCHOMETRY; PSYCHOSIS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SCORING SYSTEM; SUBSTANCE ABUSE;

EID: 29044438661     PISSN: 08950172     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1176/jnp.17.4.533     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Schillerstrom JE, Deuter MS, Wyatt R: Prevalence of executive impairment in patients seen by a psychiatry consultation service. Psychosomatics 2003; 44:290-297
2. Royall DR, Cordes JA, Polk M: Clox: an executive clock drawing task. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998; 64:588-594
3. Juby A, Tench S, Baker V: The value of clock drawing in identifying executive cognitive dysfunction in people with a normal Mini-Mental State Examination score. Can Med Assoc J 2002; 167:859-864
4. American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed., Text Revision. Washington, DC, APA, 2000, pp 147-171
5. Heinik J, Solomesh I, Shein et al: Clock drawing test in mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer's type: a comparative and correlation study. Int J Geriatr Soc 2002; 17:480-485
6. Mendez MF, Ala T, Underwood T. Development of scoring criteria for the clock drawing task in Alzheimer's disease. J Am Geriatr Soc 1992; 40:1095-1098
7. Brodaty H, Moore CM: The clock drawing test for dementia of the Alzheimer's type: a comparison of three scoring methods from a memory disorders clinic. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 1997; 12:619-627
8. Hideki U, Kitabayashi Y, Narumoto J: Relationship between clock drawing test performance and regional cerebral blood flow on Alzheimer's disease: a single photon emission computed tomography study. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2002; 56:25-29
9. Schramm U, Berger G, Muller R: Psychometric properties of clock drawing test and MMSE or short performance test (SKT) in dementia screening in a memory clinic population. Int J Geriatric Psychiatry 2002; 17:254-260
10. Fisher BW, Flowerdew G: A simple method for predicting post op delirium in older patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery. J Am Geriatr Soc 1995; 43:175-178
11. Shulman KI, Pushkar Gold D, Cohen CA, et al: Clock drawing and dementia in the community: a longitudinal study. 1993; 8:487-496
12. O'Rourke N, Tuokko H, Hayden S, et al: Early identification of dementia: predictive validity of the clock test. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 1997; 12:257-267
13. Adunsky A, Fleissig Y, Levenkrohn S, et al: A comparative study of mini-mental test, clock drawing task and cognitive-FIM in evaluating functional outcome of elderly hip fracture patients. Clin Rehabil 2002; 16:414-419
14. Elliot R, Baker SC Rogers RD, et al: Prefrontal dysfunction in depressed patients performing a complex planning task: a study using positron emission tomography. Psychol Med 1997; 27:931-942
15. Funahashi S: Neuronal mechanisms of executive control by the prefrontal cortex. Neurosci Res 2001; 39:147-165
16. Mega MS, Cummings JL: Frontal-subcortical circuits and neuropsychiatric disorder. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1994; 6:358-370
17. Heinik J, Lahav D, Drummer D, et al: Comparison of a clock drawing test in elderly schizophrenia and alzheimer's disease patients: a preliminary study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2000; 15:638-643
18. Cahn Weiner DA, Sullivan EV, Shear PK: Brain structural and cognitive correlates of clock drawing performance in Alzheimer's disease. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 1999; 5:502-509
19. Heinik J, Reider-Grosswasser II, Solomesh I, et al: Clock drawing test: correlation with linear measurements of CT studies in demented patients. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2000; 15:1130-1137
20. Folstein M, Folstein F, McHugh PR: Mini-Mental State: a practical guide for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975; 12:189-198
21. Kluger A, Sovel M: The clock drawing task: a novel scoring system (in press)
22. Kitabayashi Y, Ueda H, Narumoto J, et al: Quantitative analyses of clock drawings in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2001; 55:484-491
23. Reider-Groswasser I, Ommaya AK, Salazar AM: Neuroimaging assessment in TBI and stroke: relevance for acute and post acute treatment, in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation: Fundamental, Directions and Innovations. Edited by Leon-Carrion J. Delray Beach, Fla, GR/St Lucie Press, 1997, pp 73-108
24. Van Swieten JC, Hijdra A, Koudstaal PJ, Van Gijn J: Grading of white matter lesions on CT and MRI: a simple scale. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1990; 53:1080-1083
25. de Groot JC, de Leeuw FE, Oudkerk M, et al: Cerebral white matter lesions and cognitive function: the Rotterdam Scan Study. Ann Neurol 2000; 47:145-151
26. Lockwood KA, Alexopoulos MD, van Gorp W: Executive dysfunction in geriatric depression. Am J Psychiatry 2002; 159:1119-1126
27. Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, MacKenzie RC: A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis 1987; 40:373-383
28. Kiosses DN, Klimstra S, Murphy C, et al: Executive dysfunction and disability in elderly patients with major depression. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2001; 9:269-274
29. Alexopoulos GS: Frontostriatal and limbic dysfunction in late life depression. Am J Geriatr Soc 2002; 10:687-695
30. Naugle RI, Kawaczak K: Limitations of the Mini-Mental State Examination. Cleveland Clinic J Med 1989; 56:277-281
31. Schwamm LH, Van Dyke C, Kiernan RJ, et al: The Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination: comparison with the cognitive capacity screening examination and the Mini-Mental State Examination in the microsurgical population. Ann Intern Med 1987; 107:486-491