Effects of synchronizing the rate of dietary energy and nitrogen release on ruminal fermentation, microbial protein synthesis, blood urea nitrogen and nutrient digestibility in beef cattle

Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences

Volumn 19, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 181-188

  Chumpawadee, S ^a   Sommart, K ^a,b   Vongpralub, T ^a,b   Pattarajinda, V ^a,b  

^a MAHASARAKHAM UNIVERSITY   (Thailand)

^b KHON KAEN UNIVERSITY   (Thailand)

Author keywords

Beef Cattle; Dietary Energy; Microbial Protein; Nutrient Digestibility; Synchrony Index

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); BOS TAURUS;

EID: 28844505733     PISSN: 10112367     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2006.181     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. AFRC. 1992. Technical Committee on Response to Nutrients No.9. Nutritive Requirements of Ruminant Animal: Protein Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews (Series B). 62:787-818.
2. AOAC. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis Association. 15th edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemist. Arlington, Virginia.
3. Arieli, A., Z. Shabi, I. Bruckental, H. Tagari, Y. Aharoni, S. Zamwell and H. Voet. 1996. Effect of the degradation of organic matter and crude protein on ruminal fermentation in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 79:1774-1780.
4. Blummel, M., A., I. Givens, H. P. S. Makkar and K. Becker. 1999. Preliminary studies on the relationship of microbial efficiencies of roughage in vitro and methane production in vivo. Proc. SOC. Nutr. Physiol. 8:76-85.
5. Bremner, J. M. and D. R. Keeney. 1965. Steam distillation methods of determination of ammonia, nitrate and nitril. Anal. Chem. Acta. 32:485-495.
6. Briggs, P. K., J. F. Hogan and R. L. Reid. 1957. The effect of volatile fatty acid, lactic acid, and ammonia on rumen pH in sheep. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 8:674-710.
7. Cecava, M. J., N. R. Merchen, L. C. Gay and L. L. Berger. 1990. Composition of ruminal bacterial harvested from steers as influenced by dietary energy-level, feeding frequency, and isolation techniques. J. Dairy Sci. 73:2480-2488.
8. Chamberlain, D. G. and J. J. Choung. 1995. The importance of rate of ruminal fermentation of energy sources in diets for dairy cows. In Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition. (Ed. P. C. Garnsworthy and D. J. A. Cole). Nothingham: Nothingham University Press. pp. 3-27.
9. Chanjula, P., M. Wanapat, C. Wachirapakorn and P. Rowlinson. 2004. Effect of synchronizing starch sources and protein (NPN) in the rumen on feed intake, rumen microbial fermentation, nutrient utilization and performance of lactating dairy cows. Asian-Aust. J. Anim Sci. 17(10):1400-1410.
10. Chen, C. and J. Hsu. 1998. The effect of starch and protein degradation rates, hay sources and feeding frequency on rumen microbial fermentation in continuous culture system. In: Proceedings of National Science Council, Republic of China, Part B Life Science, 22:159-165.
11. Czerkawski, J. W. 1986. An Introduction to Ruminal Studies. Oxford: Pergamon Press (Ed. H. J. Finlayson) 1986. The effect of pH on the growth and metabolism of Streptococcus bovis in continuous culture. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 61:201-208.
12. Galyean, M. 1989. Laboratory Procedure in Animal Nutrition Research. Department of animal and rang sciences. New Mexico State University, USA.
13. Henning, P. H., D. G. Steyn and H. H. Meissner. 1991. The effect of energy and nitrogen supply pattern on rumen bacterial growth in vitro. Anim. Prod. 53:165-175.
14. Hoover, W. H. 1986. Chemical factors involved in ruminal fiber digestion. J. Dairy Sci. 69:2755-2766.
15. Hoover, W. H. and S. R. Stokes. 1991. Balancing carbohydrates and proteins for optimum rumen microbial yield. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3630-3644.
16. Joo, J. W., G. S. Bae, W. K. Min, H. S. Chai, W. J. Maeng, Y. H. Chung and M. B. Chang. 2005. Effect of protein sources on rumen microbial protein synthesis using rumen simulated continuous culture system. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 18(3):326-331.
17. Khorasani, G. R., G. Deboer, B. Robinson and J. J. Kennelly. 1994. Influence of dietary protein and starch on production and metabolic responses of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 77:813-284.
18. Kim, C. H. 2001. Effect of different protein sources given synchronously or asynchronously in to the rumen of consuming a beef cattle diet high in concentrate on the synthesis of microbial protein. J. Anim Sci. Technol. 43:831-840.
19. Kim, K. H., S. S. Lee and K. J. Kim. 2005. Effect of in traruminal sucrose infusion on volatile fatty acid production and microbial protein synthesis in sheep. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 18(3):350-353.
20. Kolver, E., L. D. Muller, G. A. Varga and T. J. Cassidy. 1998. Synchronization of ruminal degradation of supplemental carbohydrate with pasture nitrogen in lactation dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 81:2017-2028.
21. Nocek, J. E. and J. B. Russell. 1988. Protein and energy as on integrated system. Relationship of ruminal protein and carbohydrate availability to microbial synthesis and milk production. J. Dairy Sci. 71:2070-2083.
22. Ørskov, E. R. and I. McDonald. 1979. The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. J. Agric. Sci. 92:499-504.
23. th Edition. SAS Institute Inc. Cary, NC.
24. Siddons, R. C., J. Paradine, D. E. Beever and P. R. Cornell. 1985. Ytterbium acetate as a particulate-phase digesta-flow marker. Br. J. Nutr. 54:509-519.
25. Shabi, Z., A. Arieli, L. Bruckental, Y. Aharoni, S. Zamwel, A. Bor and H. Tagari. 1998. Effect of the synchronization of the degradation of dietary crude protein and organic matter and feeding frequency on ruminal fermentation and flow of digesta in the abomasum of dietary cows. J. Dairy Sci. 81:1991-2000.
26. Sinclair, L. A., P. C. Garnsworthy, J. R. Newbold and P. J. Buttery. 1993. Effect of synchronizing the rate of dietary energy and nitrogen release on rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in sheep. J. Agric. Sci. 120:251-263.
27. Sinclair, L. A., P. C. Garnsworthy, J. R. Newbold and P. J. Buttery. 1995. Effects of synchronizing the rate of dietary energy and nitrogen release in diets with a similar carbohydrate composition on rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in sheep. J. Agric. Sci. 124:463-472.
28. Sinclair, K. D., L. A. Sinclair and J. J. Robinson. 2000. Nitrogen metabolism and fertility in cattle: In adaptive changes in intake and metabolism to diet differing in their rate of energy release in the rumen. J. Anim. Sci. 78:2659-2669.
29. Sommart, K. 1998. The use of cassava in ruminant diets based on low quality roughages. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
30. Stern, M. D. and W. H. Hoover. 1979. Methods for determining and factors affecting rumen microbial protein synthesis: a review. J. Anim. Sci. 49:1590-1603.
31. Trevaskis, L. M., W. J. Fukerson and J. M. Gooden. 2001. Provision of certain carbohydrate based supplements to pasture fed sheep as well as time of harvesting of the pasture influences pH, ammonia concentration and microbial protein synthesis in the rumen. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. 41:21-27.
32. Van Soest, P. J., J. B. Robertson and B. A. Lewis. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and Non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3583-3597.
33. Vongsamphan, P. and M. Wanapat. 2004. Effect of levels of cassava hay (CH) supplementation in native beef cattle feed on rice straw. In: Proceeding of the Agricultural Seminar, Animal Science/Animal husbandry. Held at Sofitel Rajaorcid hotel 27-28 January 2004, 255-270.
34. Witt, M. W., L. A. Sinclair, R. G. Wikinson and P. J. Buttery. 1999. The effects of synchronizing the rate of dietary energy and nitrogen supply to the rumen on the production and metabolism of sheep food characterization and growth and metabolism of ewe lams given food ad libitum. Anim. Sci. 69:223-235.
35. Zinn, R. A., L. S. Bull and R. W. Hemken. 1981. Degradation of supplemental proteins in the rumen. J. Anim. Sci. 52:857-865.
36. Zinn, R. A. and F. N. Owens. 1986. A rapid procedure for purine measurement and its use for estimating net ruminal protein synthesis. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 66:157-166.