An overview of the impact of non-indigenous species on the food web integrity of North American Great Lakes: Lake Erie example

Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management

Volumn 8, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 375-395

  Munawar, M ^a   Munawar, I F ^b   Mandrak, N E ^a   Fitzpatrick, M ^a   Dermott, R ^a   Leach, J ^c  

^a FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA   (Canada)

^b Plankton Canada   (Canada)

^c ONTARIO MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES   (Canada)

Author keywords

Benthos; Exotic; Fish; Invasive; Invertebrates; Mussels; Nuisance; Phytoplankton

Indexed keywords

ALOSA PSEUDOHARENGUS; DREISSENA; DREISSENA BUGENSIS; DREISSENA POLYMORPHA; INVERTEBRATA; MORONE AMERICANA; OSMERUS MORDAX;

EID: 28844493066     PISSN: 14634988     EISSN: 15394077     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/14634980500411606     Document Type: Review

References (99)

1. Arnott, D., Vanni, M., 1996. Nitrogen and phosphorus recycling by the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) in the western basin of Lake Erie. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 53, 646-659.
2. Bailey, S., Duggan, I., van Overdijk, C., Jenkins, P., MacIsaac, H., 2003. Viability of invertebrate diapausing eggs collected from residual ballast sediment. Limnol. Oceanogr. 48, 1701-1710.
3. Bailey, S., Duggan, I., Jenkins, P., MacIsaac, H., 2005. Invertebrate resting stages in residual ballast sediment of transoceanic ships. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 62, 1090-1103.
4. Bailey, S., Duggan, I., Kanavillil, N., MacIsaac, H., in press. Sediments in ships: organic biota as biological contaminants. In: M. Munawar, E. deDeckere (Eds.) Sediment Management from Source to Sink: A Watershed Perspective, in press. Ecovision World Monograph Series. Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management Society. Burlington, ON.
5. Beeton, A., 1965. Eutrophication of the St. Lawrence Great Lakes. Limnol. Oceanogr. 10, 240-254.
6. Benson, A., Boydstun, C., 1999. Documenting over a century of aquatic introductions in the U. S. In: R. Claudi, J. Leach (Eds.), Non-indigenous Freshwater Organisms: Vectors, Biology and Impacts, pp. 1-32. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL.
7. Burns, N., 1985. Erie: The Lake That Survived. Rowan and Allanheld, Totowa, NJ.
8. Campbell, D., 2003. Type-E botulism in fish eating birds on Lake Huron and Lake Erie: 1998-2003. Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre Newsletter 9, 1-4.
9. Campbell, R. R., 1987. Status of the Blue Walleye, Stizostedion vitreum glaucum, in Canada. Can. Field-Nat. 101, 245-252.
10. Charlton, M., Le Sage, R., Milne, J., 1999. Lake Erie in transition: the 1990's. In: M. Munawar, T. Edsall, I. F. Munawar (Eds.), State of Lake Erie (SOLE) - Past, Present and Future, pp. 97-123. Ecovision World Monograph Series, Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, the Netherlands.
11. Chow-Fraser, P., 1998. A conceptual ecological model to aid restoration of Cootes Paradise Marsh, a degraded coastal wetland of Lake Ontario, Canada. Wetlands Ecol. Manage. 6, 43-57.
12. COSEWIC (Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada), 2005. Canadian Species at Risk. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. World Wide Web publication: http://www.cosewic.gc.ca/eng/sct0/rpt/ rpt_csar_e.cfm [accessed 12 August 2005].
13. Crossman, E. J., Nepszy, S. J., Krause, P., 1987. The first record of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella, in Canadian waters. Can. Field-Nat. 101, 584-586.
14. Cudmore-Vokey, B. C., Crossman, E. J., 2000. Checklists of the fish fauna of the Laurentian Great Lakes and their connecting channels. Can. MS. Rpt. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2550.
15. Dahl, J., Graham, D., Dermott, R., Johannsson, O., Millard, E., Myles, D., 1995. Lake Erie 1993, western, west central and eastern basins: change in trophic status and assessment of the abundance, biomass and production of the lower trophic levels. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. No. 280.
16. Dermott, R., 2001. Sudden disappearance of the amphipod Diporeia from eastern Lake Ontario. J. Great Lakes Res. 27, 423-433.
17. Dermott, R., Munawar, M., 1993. Invasion of Lake Erie offshore sediments by Dreissena and its ecological implications. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 50, 2298-2304.
18. Dermott, R., Munawar M., Lorimer, J., 1998. Submersible confirmation of the profuse abundance of Dreissena on the sediments in Lake Erie: implications to food web. Verh. Inter. Verein. Limnol. 26, 2044-2047.
19. Dermott, R., Munawar, M., Witzel, L., Ryan, P., 1999. An assessment of food web changes in eastern Lake Erie: impact of Dreissena spp. and phosphorus management on rainbow smelt, Osmerus mordax. In: M. Munawar, T. Edsall, I. F. Munawar (Eds.), State of Lake Erie (SOLE) - Past, Present and Future, pp. 367-385. Ecovision World Monograph Series, Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, the Netherlands.
20. Dextrase, A., Mandrak, N. E., 2005. Impacts of invasive alien species on freshwater fauna at risk in Canada. Biological Invasions. Accepted October 13, 2004.
21. Emery, L., 1985. Review of fish species introduced into the Great Lakes, 1819-1974. Great Lakes Fishery Commission Technical Report 45. Ann Arbor, MI.
22. Emery, A. R., Teleki, G., 1978. European flounder (Platichthys flesus) captured in Lake Erie, Ontario. Can. Field-Nat. 92, 89-91.
23. Environment Canada, 2003. Canada's RAP (Remedial Action Plan) Progress Report, 2003. World Wide Web publication: http://www.on.ec.gc.ca/water/raps/ report_2003/Introduction_e.html [accessed Sept. 13, 2005].
24. Evans, M., 1988. Bythotrepes cederstroemi: it's new appearance in Lake Michigan. J. Great Lakes Res. 14, 234-240.
25. Fitzpatrick, M., 2003. Primary production and phytoplankton dynamics in western Lake Erie. M. Sc. Thesis, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON.
26. French, J. R. P, Jude, D. J., 2001. Diets and diet overlap of nonindigenous gobies and small benthic native fishes co-inhabiting the St. Clair River, Michigan. J. Great Lakes Res. 27, 300-311.
27. French, J., Schloesser, D., 1991. Growth and over winter survival of the Asiatic clam, Corbicula fluminea, in the St. Clair River, Michigan. Hydrobiol. 219, 165-170.
28. Ganzhorn, J., Rohovec, J., Fryer, J., 1992. Dissemination of microbial pathogens through introductions and transfers of finfish. In: A. Rosenfeld and R. Mann (Eds.), Dispersal of Living Organisms into Aquatic Ecosystems, pp. 175-192. University of Maryland Sea Grant program, College Park, MD.
29. Glooschenko, W. A., Moore, J. E., Munawar, M., Vollenweider, R. A., 1974. Primary production in Lakes Ontario and Erie: a comparative study. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 31, 253-263.
30. Great Lakes Information Network (GLIN), 2005. Great Lakes facts and figures. World Wide Web publication: http://www.greatlakes.net/lakes/ref/ lakefact.html [accessed Oct. 7, 2005].
31. Grigorovich, I., Colautti, R., Mills, E., Holeck, K., Ballert, A., MacIsaac, H., 2003. Ballast-mediated animal introductions in the Laurentian Great Lakes: retrospective and prospective analyses. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 60, 740-756.
32. Hall, S., Mills, E., 2000. Exotic species in large lakes of the world. Aquat. Ecosyst. Health Manage. 3, 105-136.
33. Hartig, J., Zarull, M., 1992. Towards defining aquatic ecosystem health for the Great Lakes. Aquat. Ecosyst. Health 1, 97-107.
34. Heath, R., Fahnenstiel, G., Gardner, W., Calvetto, J. Hwang, S., 1995. Ecosystem-level effects of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha): an enclosure experiment in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron. J. Great Lakes Res. 21, 501-516.
35. Holeck, K., Mills, E., MacIsaac, H., Dochoda, M., Colautti, R., Ricciardi, A., 2004. Bridging troubled waters: biological invasions, transoceanic shipping, and the Laurentian Great Lakes. BioScience 54: 919-929.
36. Holland, R., 1993. Changes in planktonic diatoms and water disparity in Hatchery Bay, Bass Island area, western Lake Erie since the establishment of the zebra mussel. J. Great Lakes Res. 19, 617-624.
37. Holm, E., Mandrak, N. E., 2003. Updated status of the Silver Chub, Macrhybopsis storeriana, in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa, ON.
38. Horgan, M., Mills, E., 1997. Clearance rates and filtering activity of zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha): implications for freshwater lakes. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 54, 249-255.
39. Hoyle, J., Casselman, J., Dermott, R., Schaner, T., 2003. Resurgence and decline of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeformis) stocks in eastern Lake Ontario, 1972-1999. In: M. Munawar (Ed.), State of Lake Ontario (SOLO) - Past, Present and Future, pp. 187-219. Ecovision World Monograph Series, Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management Society, Burlington, ON.
40. Hunter, M. L., 1996. Fundamentals of Conservation Biology. Blackwell Science Inc., Cambridge, MA.
41. IJC (International Joint Commission), 1988. Revised Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement of 1978. Agreement, with Annexes and Terms of Reference, between the United States and Canada signed at Ottawa, November 22, 1978 and Phosphorus Load Reduction Supplement signed October 7, 1983 as amended by protocol signed October 7, 1983, as amended by protocol signed November 18, 1987.
42. Johannsson, O., Graham, D., Einhouse, D., Mills, E., 1999. Historical and recent changes in the Lake Erie Zooplankton community and their relationship to ecosystem function. In: M. Munawar, T. Edsall, I. F. Munawar (Eds.), State of Lake Erie (SOLE) - Past, Present and Future, pp. 169-196. Ecovision World Monograph Series, Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, the Netherlands.
43. Johannsson, O., Dermott, R., Graham, D., Dahl, J., Millard, E., Myles, D., LeBlanc, J., 2000. Benthic and pelagic secondary production in Lake Erie after the invasion of Dreissena spp. with implications for fish production. J. Great Lakes Res. 26, 31-54.
44. Johengen, T., Nalepa, T., Fahnenstiel, G., Goudy, G., 1995. Nutrient changes in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, after the establishment of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha). J. Great Lakes Res. 21, 449-464.
45. Jude, D. J., Reider, R. H., Smith, G. R., 1992. Establishment of Gobiidae in the Great Lakes basin. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 49, 416-421.
46. Jude, D., Janssen, J., Stoermer, E., 2005. The uncoupling of trophic food webs by invasive species in Lake Michigan. In: T. Edsall and M. Munawar (Eds.), State of Lake Michigan, Ecology, Health and Management, pp. 311-348. Ecovision World Monograph Series, Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management Society, Burlington, ON.
47. Kiriluk, R. M, Whittle, D. M., Russel, R. W., Cabana, G., and Rasmussen, J. B., 1999. In: M. Munawar, T. Edsall and I. F. Munawar (Eds.), State of Lake Erie (SOLE) - Past, Present and Future, pp. 469-479. Ecovision world Monograph Series, Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, the Netherlands.
48. Leach, J., 1993. Impacts of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) on water quality and fish spawning reefs in western Lake Erie. In: T. Nalepa and D. Schloesser (Eds.), Zebra Mussels: Biology, Impacts, Control, pp 381-397. Lewis Publishers Inc. Ann Arbor, MI.
49. Leach, J., 1999. Lake Erie: passages revisited. In: M. Munawar, T. Edsall and I. F. Munawar (Eds.), State of Lake Erie (SOLE) - Past, Present and Future, pp. 5-22. Ecovision world Monograph Series, Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, the Netherlands.
50. Leach, J, Mills, E., Dochoda, M., 1999. Non-Indigenous species in the Great Lakes: Ecosystem impacts, binational policies, and management. In: Taylor, W. W., Ferreri, C. P. (Eds.), Great Lakes fisheries policy and management: a binational perspective. Michigan State University Press, Ann Arbor, MI. pp 185-207.
51. Locke, A., Reid, D., Sprules, W., Carlton, J., van Leeuwen, H., 1991. Effectiveness of mid-ocean exchange in controlling freshwater and coastal zooplankton in ballast water. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. No. 1822.
52. Lozano, S., Scarold, J., Nalepa, T., 2001. Recent declines in benthic macro invertebrate densities in Lake Ontario. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 58, 518-529.
53. MacDougall, T., Benoit, H., Dermott, R., Johannsson, O., Johnson, T., Millard, E., Munawar, M., 2001. Lake Erie 1998: Assessment of abundance, biomass and production of lower trophic levels, diets of juvenile yellow perch and trends in the fishery. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. No. 2376.
54. MacIsaac, H., 1999. Biological invasions of Lake Erie. In: M. Munawar, T. Edsall, I. F. Munawar (Eds.), State of Lake Erie (SOLE) - Past, Present and Future, pp. 305-322. Ecovision World Monograph Series, Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, the Netherlands.
55. MacIsaac, H., Sprules, W., Johannsson, O., Leach, J., 1992. Filtering impacts of larval and sessile zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) in western Lake Erie. Oecologia 92, 30-39.
56. MacIsaac, H., Grigorovich, I., Hoyle, J., Yan, N., Panov, V., 1999. Invasion of Lake Ontario by the Ponto-Caspian predatory cladocerans Cercopagis pengoi. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 56, 1-5.
57. Makarewicz, J., 1993. A lakewide comparison of zooplankton biomass and its species composition in Lake Erie, 1983-1987. J. Great Lakes Res. 19, 275-290.
58. Makarewicz, J., Lewis, T., Bertram, P., 1999. Phytoplankton composition and biomass in the offshore waters of Lake Erie: pre- and post-Dreissena introduction (1983-1993). J. Great Lakes Res. 25, 135-148.
59. Makarewicz, J. Grigorovich, I., Mills, E., Damaske, E., Cristescu, M., Pearsall, W., La Voie, M., Keats, R., Rudstam, L., Hebert, P., Halbritter, H., Kelly, T., Matkovich, C., MacIsaac, H., 2001. Distribution, fecundity, genetics, and dispersal of Cercopagis pengoi (Crustacea, Cladocera) - a new exotic zooplankter in the Great Lakes basin. J. Great Lakes Res. 27, 19-32.
60. Mal, T., Lovett-Doust, J., Lovett-Doust, L., 1997. Time-dependant competitive displacement of Typha angustifolia by Lythrum salicaria. Oikos 79, 26-33.
61. Mandrak, N. E., Crossman, E. J., 1992. A checklist of Ontario freshwater fishes annotated with distribution maps. Roy. Ont. Mus. Life Sci. Publ., Toronto, ON.
62. Manny, B., Schloesser, D., 1999. Changes in the bottom fauna of western Lake Erie. In: M. Munawar, T. Edsall and I. F. Munawar (Eds.), State of Lake Erie (SOLE) - Past, Present and Future, pp. 197-218. Ecovision World Monograph Series, Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, the Netherlands.
63. Mills, E., Leach, J., Carlton, J., Secor, C., 1993. Exotic species in the Great Lakes: a history of biotic crises and anthropogenic introductions. J. Great Lakes Res. 19, 1-54.
64. Mills, E. L., Casselman, J. M., Dermott, R., Fitzsimons, J. D., Gal, G., Holeck, K. T., Hoyle, J. A., Johannsson, O. E., Lantry, B. F., Makarewicz, J. C., Millard, E. S., Munawar, I. F., Munawar, M., O'Gorman, R., Owens, R. W., Rudstam, L. G., Schaner, T., and Stewart, T. J., 2005. A synthesis of ecological and fish community changes in Lake Ontario, 1970-2000. Great Lakes Fish. Comm. Tech. Rep. 67.
65. Munawar, M., Munawar, I. F., 1996. Phytoplankton Dynamics in the North American Great Lakes, Vol. 1: Lakes Ontario, Erie and St. Clair. Ecovision World Monograph Series, SPB Academic Publishing, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
66. Munawar, M., Munawar, I. F., 1999. The changing phytoplankton biomass and its composition in Lake Erie : a lakewide comparative analysis. In: M. Munawar, T. Edsall and I. F. Munawar (Eds.), State of Lake Erie (SOLE) - Past, Present and Future, pp. 125-154. Ecovision World Monograph Series, Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, the Netherlands.
67. Munawar, M., Munawar, I. F., 2003. Changes in phytoplankton community structure and primary production of Lake Ontario. In: M. Munawar (Ed.), State of Lake Ontario (SOLO) - Past, Present and Future, pp. 187-219. Ecovision World Monograph Series, Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management Society, Burlington, ON.
68. Munawar, M., Munawar, I. F., McCarthy, E., 1987. Phytoplankton ecology of large eutrophic and oligotrophic lakes of North America: Lakes Ontario and Superior. Arch. Hydrobiol. Bieh. Ergebn. Limnol. 25, 51-96.
69. Munawar, M., Munawar, I. F., Weisse, T., van Stam, H., Fitzpatrick, M., Lorimer, J., 1999. Probing microbial food-web structure in Lake Erie. In: M. Munawar, T. Edsall and I. F. Munawar (Eds.), State of Lake Erie (SOLE) - Past, Present and Future, pp. 197-218. Ecovision World Monograph Series, Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, the Netherlands.
70. Munawar, M., Dermott, R., Leach, J., Nepszy, S., Wesoloh, D. V., Graham, D., Carou, S., Niblock, H., Johannsson, O., 2001. An overview of the changing flora and fauna of the North American Great Lakes. Part II: Zooplankton, benthos, fish, colonial waterbirds and exotic species. In: M. Munawar and R. Hecky (Eds.), The Great Lakes of the World (GLOW): Food-webs, Health and Integrity, pp 277-307. Ecovision World Monograph Series, Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, the Netherlands.
71. Munawar, M., Munawar, I. F., Burley, M., Carou, S., Niblock, H., 2003. Multi-trophic assessment of stressed "Areas of Concern" of the Lake Erie watershed. In: M. Munawar (Ed.), Sediment Quality Assessment and Management: Insight and Progress, pp. 169-192. Ecovision World Monograph Series, Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management Society, Burlington, ON.
72. Munawar, M., Munawar, I. F., Fitzpatrick, M., Lynn, D., 2005. A preliminary assessment of the planktonic food web in Lake Michigan. In: T. Edsall and M. Munawar (Eds.), State of Lake Michigan: Ecology, Health and Management, pp. 183-203. Ecovision World Monograph Series. Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management Society, Burlington, ON.
73. Munawar, M., Munawar, I. F., Dermott, R., Fitzpatrick, M., Niblock, H., 2006. The threat of exotic species to the Lake Ontario food web. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 29, in press.
74. Nelson, J. S., Crossman, E. J., Espinosa-Perez, H., Findley, L. T., Gilbert, C. R., Lea, R. N., Williams J. D., 2004. Common and Scientific Names of Fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. 6th Edition. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 29. Bethesda MD.
75. Nepszy, S., 1999. The changing fishery regime in Lake Erie. In: M. Munawar, T. Edsall and I. F. Munawar (Eds.), State of Lake Erie (SOLE) - Past, Present and Future, pp. 233-240. Ecovision World Monograph Series, Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, the Netherlands.
76. New York Sea Grant, 2000. North American range of the zebra mussel (map). World Wide Web publication: http://www.aquaticinvaders.org [accessed September 13, 2005].
77. Nicholls, K., Hopkins, G., 1993. Recent changes in Lake Erie (north shore) phytoplankton: cumulative impacts of phosphorus loading reductions and the zebra mussel introduction. J. Great Lakes Res. 19, 637-647.
78. Noble, J. J., 2002. Distribution and Ecological Characteristics of Fish Species-at-risk in the Great Lakes Basin. M. S. Thesis, Department of Biological Sciences, Youngstown State University, Youngstown, OH. 154pp.
79. Norse, E., 1991. Conserving the neglected 71%: marine biological diversity. Species, IUCN Species Survival Commission 16, 16-18.
80. Ricciardi, A., 2001. Facilitative interactions among aquatic invaders: is an "invasional meltdown" occurring in the Great Lakes? Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 58, 2513-2525.
81. Ryan, P. A., Knight, R., MacGregor, R., Towns, G., Hoopes, R., Culligan W., 2003. Fish-community goals and objectives for Lake Erie. Great Lakes Fishery Commission Special Publication 03-02. Ann Arbor, MI.
82. Schaeffer, J. S., Margraf, F. J., 1987. Predation on fish eggs by white perch, Morone americana, in western Lake Erie. Environ. Biol. Fishes 18, 77-80.
83. Schroeder, R., 1969. Ein summierender wasserschopfer. Arch. Hydrobiol. 66., 241-243.
84. Scott, W. B., Crossman, E. J., 1973. Freshwater Fishes of Canada. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Bulletin 184.
85. Sheath, R., 1987. Invasions into the Laurentian Great Lakes by marine algae. In: M. Munawar (Ed.) Phycology of Large Lakes of the World. Arch. Hydrobiol. Beih. Ergebn. Limnol. 25, 165-186.
86. Stedman, R. M., Bowen, C. A., 1985. Introduction and spread of the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in lakes Huron and Michigan. J. Great Lakes Res. 11, 508-511.
87. Stetter, S. L. P., L. D Witzel, L. G. Rudstam, D. W. Einhouse, and E. L. Mills. 2005. Energetic consequences of diet shifts in Lake Erie rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 62: 145-152.
88. Strickland, J. D. H., Parsons, T. R., 1968. A Practical Handbook of Seawater Analysis. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 167.
89. TePas, K., Charlebois, P., 2002. Invasive aquatic plants: what every plant enthusiast needs to know. Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant and Illinois Natural History Survey Publ. IISG-01-22.
90. Titley, I., 1992. Algae. In: B. Groombridge (Ed.), Global Biodiversity: Status of the Earth's Resources, pp. 57-62. Chapman and Hall, London.
91. Trautman, M. B., 1957. The Fishes of Ohio with Illustrated Keys. Ohio State University Press, Columbus, OH.
92. Trautman, M. B., 1981. The Fishes of Ohio. Ohio State University Press, Columbus, OH.
93. Utermöhl, H., 1958. Zur Vervolkommnung der quantitativen Phytoplankton-Methodik. Mitt. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 9, 1-38.
94. Vallentyne, J. R., 1974. The Algal Bowl: Lakes and Man. Government of Canada, Misc. Spec. Publ. 22.
95. Vanderploeg, H., Liebig, J., Carmichael, W., Agy, M., Johengen, T., Fahnenstiel, G., Nalepa, T., 2001. Zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) selective filtration promoted toxic Microcystis blooms in Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron) and Lake Erie. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 58, 1208-1221.
96. Wu, L., Culver, D., 1991. Zooplankton grazing and phytoplankton abundance: an assessment before and after invasion of Dreissena polymorpha. J. Great Lakes Res. 17, 425-436.
97. Yule, A. M., Moccia, R. D., Astin, J., Barker, I. K., 2004. Interspecies toxicity of Type-E botulinum in fish: a bird's eye view. In: H. Domske (Ed.), Botulism in Lake Erie workshop proceedings, pp. 36-45. New York Sea Grant, Ohio Sea Grant and Pennsylvania Sea Grant.
98. Zanatta, D. T, Mackie, G. L., Metcalfe-Smith, J. L., Woolnough, D. A. A., 2002. Refuge for native freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) from impacts of the exotic zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) in Lake St. Clair. J. Great Lakes Res. 28, 479-48.
99. Zhu, X. H., Johnson, T. B., Tyson, J. T., 2006. Synergistic changes in the fish community of western Lake Erie as modified by non-indigenous species and environmental fluctuations. In: M. Munawar and R. Heath (Eds.), Checking the Pulse of Lake Erie, Ecovision World Monograph Series. Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management Society. Burlington, Ontario, Canada.