Chemical and mechanical aspects of HMR primer in relationship to wood bonding

Forest Products Journal

Volumn 55, Issue 11, 2005, Pages 73-78

  Christiansen, Alfred W ^a  

^a FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EPOXY ADHESIVES; MECHANICAL STABILIZATION; PERFORMANCE LOSS;

ADHESIVES; CROSSLINKING; EPOXY RESINS;

WOOD;

ADHESIVES; CROSS LINKING; WOOD;

EID: 28844463461     PISSN: 00157473     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. American National Standards Institute/American Institute of Timber Construction (ANSI/AITC). 1992. American national standard for wood products: Structural glued laminated timber. ANSI/AITC A 190.1-1992. AITC, Englewood, CO. 16 pp.
2. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 1998. Standard specification for adhesives for structural laminated wood products for use under exterior (wet-use) exposure conditions. ASTM D 2559a. In: Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Vol. 15.06 Adhesives. ASTM, West Conshohocken, PA. pp. 157-161.
3. Bolger, J.C. 1973. Structural adhesives for metal bonding. In: Treatise on adhesion and adhesives. Vol. 3. R.L. Patrick, ed. Marcel Dekker, New York. p. 70.
4. Christiansen, A.W. 2000. Resorcinol-formaldehyde reactions in dilute solution observed by carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 75:1760-1768.
5. _ and E.A. Okkonen. 2003. Improvements to hydroxymethylated resorcinol coupling agent for durable bonding to wood. Forest Prod. J. 53(4):81-84.
6. _, C.B. Vick, and E.A. Okkonen. 2001. A novolak-based hydroxymethylated resorcinol coupling agent for wood bonding. In: Proc., Wood Adhesives 2000 Symposium. Forest Prod. Soc., Madison, WI. pp. 245-250.
7. _, _, and _. 2003. Development of a novolak-based hydroxymethylated resorcinol coupling agent for wood adhesives. Forest Prod. J. 53(2):32-38.
8. Frihart, C.R. 2003. Wood structure and adhesive strength. In: Characterization of the Cellulosic Cell Wall. Proc. of SWST International Workshop on Assessment and Impact of Cellulosic Cell Wall. Blackwell Publishing Ltd., Oxford, UK.
9. Gardner, D.J., W.T. Tze, and S.Q. Shi. 2001. Adhesive wettability of hydroxymethyl resorcinol (HMR) treated wood. In: Proc., Wood Adhesives 2000 Symposium. Forest Prod. Soc., Madison, WI. pp. 321-327.
10. Grenier-Loustalot, M.-F., S. Larroque, P. Grenier, J.-P. Leca, and D. Bedel. 1994. Phenolic resins: 1. Mechanisms and kinetics of phenol and of the first polycondensates towards formaldehyde in solution. Polym. 35:3046-3054.
11. Lopez-Anido, R., D.J. Gardner, and J.L. Hensley. 2000. Adhesive bonding of eastern hemlock glulam panels with E-glass/vinyl ester reinforcement. Forest Prod. J. 50(11/12):43-47.
12. Son, J. and D.J. Gardner. 2004. Dimensional stability measurements of thin wood veneers using the Wilhelmy plate technique. Wood and Fiber Sci. 36:98-106.
13. Stamm, A.J. and R.M. Seborg. 1936. Minimizing wood shrinkage and swelling - treating with synthetic resin-forming materials. Ind. & Eng. Chem. Res. 28:1164-1169.
14. Streitwieser, A., Jr. and C.H. Heathcock. 1981. Introduction to Organic Chemistry. 2nd ed. Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., New York. 262 pp.
15. Vick, C.B. 1996. Hydroxymethylated resorcinol coupling agent for enhanced adhesion of epoxy and other thermosetting adhesives to wood. In: Proc., Wood Adhesives 1995 Symposium. A.W. Christiansen and A.M. Conner, eds. Proc. 7296. Forest Products Soc., Madison, WI. pp. 47-55.
16. _. 1997a. More durable epoxy bonds to wood with hydroxymethylated resorcinol coupling agent. Adhesives Age 40(8):24-29.
17. _. 1997b. Enhanced adhesion of melamine-urea and melamine adhesives to CCA-treated southern pine lumber. Forest Prod. J. 47(7/8):83-87.
18. _ and E.A. Okkonen. 1997. Structurally durable epoxy bonds to aircraft woods. Forest Prod. J. 47(3):71-77.
19. _ and _. 2000. Durability of one-part polyurethane bonds to wood improved by HMR coupling agent. Forest Prod. J. 50(10):69-75.
20. _, A.W. Christiansen, and E.A. Okkonen. 1998. Reactivity of hydroxymethylated resorcinol coupling agent as it affects durability of epoxy bonds to Douglas-fir. Wood and Fiber Sci. 30(3):312-322.
21. _, K.H. Richter, and B.H. River. 1996. Hydroxymethylated resorcinol coupling agent and method for bonding wood. U.S. patent 5 543 487. Aug. 6. 18pp.
22. _, _, _, and A.R. Fried, Jr. 1995. Hydroxymethylated resorcinol coupling agent for enhanced durability of bisphenol-A-epoxy bonds to Sitka spruce. Wood and Fiber Sci. 27(1): 2-12.