New challenges for Putin's foreign policy

Orbis

Volumn 50, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 153-165

  Tsygankov, Andrei P ^a  

^a SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 28444452593     PISSN: 00304387     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.orbis.2005.10.011     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Iver Neumann, Russia and the Idea of Europe (London: Routledge, 1996).
2. Andrei V. Kozyrev, "Rossiya v novom mire" (Russia in a new world), Mezhdunarodnaya zhizn, Mar.-Apr. 1992.
3. Yevgeni Primakov, "Mezhdunarodnyye otnosheniya nakanunye XXI veka" (International relations on the eve of the 21st century), Mezhdunarodnaya zhizn, Oct. 1996
4. Yevgeni Primakov, "Rossiya v mirovoy politike" (Russia in world politics), Mezhdunarodnaya zhizn, May 1998.
5. Yevgeni Primakov, Gody v bolshoy politike (My Years in High Politics) (Moscow: Sovershenno sekretno, 1999).
6. In 1998, the Council on Foreign and Defense Policy (Sovyet po vneshney i oboronnoy politike), an influential NGO, expressed an attitude typical of great-power circles when it described the military-industrial complex as "a key, possibly the key factor of Russia's struggle for a dignified place in the twenty-first century". See "Strategiya Rossii v XXI veke: Analiz situatsii i nekotoryye predlozheniya" (Russia's strategy in the 21st century: An analysis of the situation and some suggestions), Nezavisimaya gazeta, June 18, 1998.
7. Gennadi Zyuganov, Rossiya i sovremennyy mir (Russia and the contemporary world) (Moscow: Obozrevatel, 1995)
8. Gennadi Zyuganov, Geografiya pobedy: Osnovy rossiyskoy geopolitiki (The geography of victory: The foundations of Russian geopolitics) (Moscow: G. Zyuganov, 1998).
9. Yuri Fyodorov, "Krizis vneshney politiki Rossii: Kontseptualnyy aspect" (The crisis of Russian foreign policy: A conceptual aspect)
10. and Dmitri Trenin, "Nyenadyozhnaya strategiya" (An unreliable strategy), both in Pro et Contra, Winter-Spring 2001.
11. Nezavisimaya gazeta, Oct. 27, 2000.
12. A. G. Arbatov et al., Strategiya dlya Rossii: Povestka dnya dlya prezidenta-2000 (Strategy for Russia: An agenda for the president-2000) (Moscow: Vagrius, 2000).
13. For a more detailed analysis of Putin's strategy, see Andrei P. Tsygankov, "Vladimir Putin's Vision of Russia as a Normal Great Power", Post-Soviet Affairs, June 2005.
14. As quoted in Anatol Lieven, "Bush's Choice: Messianism or Pragmatism", OpenDemocracy.net, Feb. 22, 2005, at http://www.carnegieendowment.org/.
15. For some evidence and discussion of these strategic calculations, see, e.g., Stephen Blank, "Georgia: A study in democracy exportation", Asia Times, Dec. 6, 2003
16. Graeme P. Herd, "Colorful Revolutions and the CIS" Problems of Post-Communism, Mar.-Apr. 2005.
17. Igor Torbakov, "Different Understanding of Democracy May Put Bush and Putin on Collision Course", Eurasia Daily Monitor, Feb. 25, 2005, at www.jamestown.org.
18. See, e.g., Anatoli Gordienko et al., "Zastolbili Kaspi", Nezavisimaya gazeta, Apr. 15, 2005.
19. "Putin Says Russia Faces 'Total War' With Terrorism" RFE/RL Newsline, Sept. 7, 2004, at www.rferl.org.
20. Charles Gurin, "Observers Say Terror Attacks Eroding Putin's Legitimacy", Eurasia Daily Monitor, Sept. 7, 2004, at www.jamestown.org
21. Robert Coalson, "Russia Girds Itself for War", RFE/RL Newsline, Sept. 3, 2004, at www.rferl.org.
22. Fiona Hill, Anatol Lieven, and Thomas de Waal, A Spreading Danger: Time for a New Policy Toward Chechnya (Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2005), p. 2.
23. Europe and the United States, for their part, did not limit themselves to political statements about the "unacceptability" of the election's results - a step in itself unprecedented in the light of their previously much calmer reaction to considerably less fair elections in Central Asia and Caucasus. Through activities of various NGOs, the West also provided considerable financial assistance for Yushchenko's campaign.
24. The eastern regions of Ukraine, particularly Donetsk, Luhansk, and Crimea, vowed to pursue greater autonomy from Kiev after the nullification of Yanukovich's victory in the first presidential election. In Russia, nationalist State Duma members and Moscow Mayor Yuriy Luzhkov visited eastern Ukraine to express their support for Yanukovich and for regional autonomy. It is not difficult to imagine how such autonomy claims might be manipulated to become a factor in Russian-Ukrainian high politics.
25. "Ukrainskiye sobytiya glazami rossiyan", Yuriy Levada Analytical Centre (formerly VTsIOM-A), Dec. 16, 2004, at www.levada.ru
26. Igor Torbakov, "After Ukraine Debacle, Kremlin Strategists Warn of Serious Rift with the West", Eurasia Daily Monitor, Dec. 17, 2004.
27. Russian-Ukranian interdependence has been well documented. See, e.g., Paul J. D'Anieri, Economic Interdependence in Ukrainian-Russian Relations (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999)
28. and Mikhail A. Molchanov, Political Culture and National Identity in Russian-Ukrainian Relations (Austin: Texas University Press, 2002).
29. For instance, Russia extended its citizenship to many residents of South Ossetia and Abkhazia. Some analysts recommended that the Kremlin go much farther and formally recognize the independence of the separatist republics. See, e.g., Stanislav Belkovski, "Poslye imperii", Komsomolskaya pravda, May 18, 2004.
30. "Moscow Accuses 'Outside Extremists'", RFE/RL Newsline, May 16, 2005.
31. Sergei Blagov, "Uzbekistan's Riots Yield Mized Response in Russia", Eurasia Daily Monitor, May 19, 2005.
32. Martha Brill Olcott, "Uzbekistan's Tipping Point: The Violence in Andijian and What Comes Next", Testimony before U.S. Helsinki Commission", May 19, 2005, at www.carnegieendowment.org.
33. "Nationalist Duma Faction Boycotts the Ceremonies", RFE/RL Newsline, May 16, 2005.
34. On this point, see, e.g., Alexander Rahr and Nicolai N. Petro, "Our Man in Moscow", Fletcher Forum of World Affairs, Summer 2005.
35. See Vladimir Zubok, "Russia's Identity Quest", Orbis, Winter 2005.
36. Putin attempted to move in this direction in his 2005 Presidential address to the Federal Assembly. Vladimir Putin, "Annual Address to the Federal Assembly", Apr. 25, 2005, http://president.kremlin.ru/.