Colorful revolutions and the CIS : "Manufactured" versus "managed" democracy?

Problems of Post-Communism

Volumn 52, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 3-18

  Herd, Graeme P ^a  

^a European Center for Security Studies   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 18544373540     PISSN: 10758216     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10758216.2005.11052194     Document Type: Article

References (84)

1. ONASA/Independent News Agency and Agence France-Presse (December 30, 2004); Ukrainian Television Channel 1 (December 30, 2004).
2. Ukrainian Television Channel 5 (December 23, 2004).
3. Interview with Sergei Markov, Gazeta.ru (December 27, 2004), available at www.gazeta.ru.
4. ONASA/AP (November 27, 2004); Gene Sharp, From Dictatorship to Democracy: A Conceptual Framework for Liberation (Boston: Albert Einstein Institution, 1993, reprinted May 2002, June 2003) (available at www.aeinstein.org/organizations/org/FDTD-2.pdf). served as a textbook for a series of lectures attended by resistance members and helped them facilitate regime change in Serbia;
5. Jelena Tusup, "Ukrainian Resistance According to a Serbian Recipe," Blic (Belgrade) (November 28, 2004): 3.
6. Joel Brinkley, "Dollars for Democracy? U.S. Aid to Ukraine Challenged," New York Times (December 21, 2004): 3.
7. Tatiana Netreba, " 'Rozy' na krovi" ("Roses" on Blood), Argumenty i fakty (December 15, 2004).
8. Jonathan Steele, "Ukraine's Untold Story," Nation (December 20, 2004): 4-6.
9. Steve Weissman argues, "Team Bush put the pieces in place to provoke a coup, drawing on classic C1A destabilization campaigns that had toppled, among others, Iran's Mohammed Mossadegh (1953), Guatemala's Jacobo Arbenz (1954), Guyana's Chedi Jagan (1963), Brazil's Joao Goulart (1964), and Chile's Salvador Allende (1973). The Venezuelan operation used many of the same groups now meddling in Ukraine. And, with the same straight face, they told themselves and the world that they were just helping to build democracy" ("How Uncle Santa Diddles Dems from Ukraine to Venezuela," Perspective [December 24, 2004), available at www.truthout.org/docs_04/122404A.shtml).
10. Mark Almond, "The Price of People Power: The Ukraine Street Protests Have Followed a Pattern of Western Orchestration Set in the 80s. I Know - I Was a Cold War Bagman," The Guardian (December 7, 2004): 23;
11. "Yanukovich's Friends," Economist (December 4, 2004): 56.
12. Ukrayina TV, Donetsk (December 6, 2004);
13. Ukrainian Television Channel 5 (December 6, 2004).
14. On another occasion, he noted, "There has been no revolution at all. There was a pre-planned and pre-financed putsch that has been prepared for many years. We saw the end of the putsch after the runoff ended. That's all" (Ukrainian Television Channel 1 [December 17, 2004]).
15. Ukrayina TV, Donetsk (December 14, 2004).
16. Russian Television Center, "Russian TV Accuses West of Orchestrating Ukrainian Crisis" (December 8, 2004).
17. RIA-Novosti (December 3, 2004).
18. ITAR-TASS (December 27, 2004).
19. Andrei Vladimirov, "Revoliutsiia na eksport" (Revolution for Export), Itogi (December 7, 2004): 10-12.
20. Vitalii Tretiakov. Grivna na rebre" (Coin on the Edge), Rossiiskaia gazeta (December 2, 2004).
21. Andrei Iliashenko, "A Bunch of Rose Revolutions," RIA-Novosti (November 29, 2004).
22. Rossiiskaia gazeta (December 1, 2004).
23. Aleksei Pushkov, "They Do Not Want to Split Ukraine, But They Want to Tear It Away from Russia," Postskriptum, Russian Television Center (December 1, 2004). Aleksei Pushkov is the author and presenter of this program and a member of President Vladimir Putin's council for the development of civic society.
24. "Conference on Ukraine with Effective Policy Fund President Gleb Pavlovsky," RIA-Novosti (December 3, 2004).
25. See also Nataliia Galimova, "Rossiia pod toporom: Gleb Pavlovskii - odna minuta - dazhe dvorniki v stolitse stanoviatsia revoliutsionerami" (Russia Under the Axe: Gleb Pavlovsky - Any Moment - Even the Street Cleaners in the Capital Will Become Revolutionaries), Moskovskii komsomolets (December 21, 2004).
26. Viacheslav Kostikov, Argumenty i fakty (November 30, 2004).
27. Sergei B. Ivanov, Russian minister of defense, "The World in the 21st Century: Addressing New Threats And Challenges," Inaugural Annual Lecture on Russia and Russian-American Relations, Council on Foreign Relations, New York, January 13, 2005.
28. Aleksei Malashenko, "Gruzino-Ukrainskoe posobie dlia SNG" (Georgian-Ukrainian Textbook for the CIS), Nezavisimaia gazeta (December 20, 2004).
29. Luc Perrot, "Russia Slides Toward Authoritarianism, in Rivalry with West," Agence France-Presse (December 21, 2004).
30. Vladimirov, "Revoliutsiia na eksport."
31. I b i d.
32. Dmitry Oreshkin, "Gaiki budut zakruchivat s molnienosnoi skorostiu" (Screws Will Be Tightened with Lightning Speed), Izvestia (November 30, 2004): 4.
33. Boris Nemtsov, "Dlia liderov pravykh: eto nekii grandioznyi pilotnyi proekt" (For the Leader of the Government, It Is a Grandiose Pilot Project), Izvestia (November 30, 2004): 4.
34. RIA-Novosti (December 12, 2004).
35. Valerii Solovei, "Uroki dlia Rossii" (Lessons for Russia), Rodnaia gazeta (December 10, 2004): 2.
36. Viacheslav Nikonov, "Banany, dollary, i kashtany" (Bananas, Dollars, and Chustnuts), Rossiiskaia gazeta (December 1, 2004).
37. Yuri Stroganov, "Ukrainu my poka ne poteriali, no nado uchest i ispravit oshibki" (We Haven't Lost Ukraine Yet, But We Must Learn from Our Mistakes), Trud (January 12, 2005).
38. Netreba, " 'Rozy' na krov" (On the Edge of the "Abyss"), Belarusian TV (December 9, 2004).
39. Belapan news agency (October 11, 2004).
40. Belapan (December 28, 2004). According to Anatol Lyabedzka, UCP party chairman, "Lukashenko's edict banning the color orange must be the next step of the authorities."
41. Jackson Diehl, "Battle for Belarus," Washington Post (January 3, 2005): A13.
42. Konstantin Demchenko, " 'Maidanshchna' protiv Konstitutsiia RF" (The Square Syndrome Versus the Russian Constitution), Russkii kurier (December 8, 2004): 4.
43. Ekho Moskvy radio (December 30, 2004).
44. Vladimirov, "Revoliutsiia na eksport."
45. Vera Sitnina, "Psikhologiia intrigi" (Psychology of Intrigue), Vremia novostei (December 10, 2004).
46. "What the Papers Say: Russia" (December 22, 2004), available at www.whatthepaperssay.co.uk.
47. "Lessons of the Ukrainian Revolution for Russia: A Hangover from Somebody Else's Feast," BBC Monitoring Service via "What the Papers Say: Russia" (December 8, 2004).
48. Anatoly Nedetsky, "Three Polls Indicate Slide in Putin's Popularity," Moscow Times (March 4, 2005): 3.
49. Gazeta.ru (December 30, 2004), available at www.gazeta.ru.
50. Olga Bezborodova. "Eksportery 'revoliutsii sorniakov' " (Exporters of "Weed Revolution"), Vecherniy Bishkek (December 1, 2004): 4.
51. See also Ibragim Rustambek. "Sobytiia na Ukraine mogut postavit pod udar vse SNG: Nuzhna li kyrgyzam revoliutsiia?" (The Events in Ukraine Can Jeopardize the Whole of the CIS: Do the Kyrgyz People Need Revolution?), Argumenty i fakty Kyrgyzstan (December 1, 2004): 3.
52. Kanat Berdybaiev, "Western Politicians Prepare 'Elm Revolution' in Kyrgyzstan," RIF Obozrenie (December 3, 2004).
53. ITAR-TASS (January 4, 2005).
54. Opposition forces have already embraced the name "Tulip Revolution" in imitation of Georgia's Rose Revolution. Kyrgyzstan is known for its remarkably diverse tulip species.
55. Kyrgyzstan Public Educational Radio and TV (December 10, 2004).
56. Ibragim Rustambek, "Prizrak demokratii poterialsia v Kyrgyzstane: Ne spi, Amerika!" (The Ghost of Democracy Has Got Lost in Kyrgyzstan: Do Not Idle, America!), Argumenty i fakty Kyrgyzstan (December 8, 2004): 1 : "The people want to know, who is master at home, since tranquility and order are much more important than ideological 'values' like free capital ism, human rights or some kind of gender equality, which are artificially implanted in the country."
57. Kyrgyzstan Television Channel 1 (December 26, 2004).
58. Viktoria Panfilova, "Uprezhdaiushchii udar prezidenta Akaeva" (President Akaev's Preemptive Strike), Nezavisimaia gazeta (December 21, 2004): 5.
59. Bishkek Independent Television (December 20, 2004).
60. Asia-Plus Information Agency (December 2, 2004): 1.
61. See also "Opinions, Globalization, Democracy, Interests," Khovar news agency (January 4, 2005). This article argues that there is a switch from U.S. policy based on energy resources to efforts to teach democracy: the "expansion of Washington's imperial ambition is a new U.S. geopolitical goal in the region."
62. Oennadiy Sisoiev, "Sut" (Bottom Line), Kommersant (December 20, 2004).
63. David Lewis and Andrew Stroehlein, "The Inevitability of Change in Uzbekistan," Financial Times (December 21, 2004): 15; David Lewis is Central Asia project director at the International Crisis Group; Andrew Stroehlein, the group's director of media, ran journalist-training programs in Uzbekistan.
64. See also Paula R. Newberg, "Uzbekistan's Democratic Smoke Screen," International Herald Tribune (December 24-26, 2004): 6.
65. Rachel Denber, "Post-Soviet Democracy: Beyond Ukraine, a Grim Picture," International Herald Tribune (December 28, 2004): 8.
66. Uzbekistan Television Channel 1 (December 26, 2004).
67. In a recent interview, Karimov explained, "You will see what I mean if you look at how many non-governmental organizations there are in Ukraine and at their sources of funding. Actually, we are now keeping track of the projects for which funds are being allocated and grants are being awarded. We want to be certain that these are humanitarian projects and not the covert preparations for the next 'color' revolution. The international organizations working here are not always pursuing noble goals, after all. At seminars like 'Leaders for the 21st Century,' they 'help the government' choose the most talented young people, but they are doing this primarily for themselves. This is followed by regular trips abroad, where their minds are systematically molded at various symposiums and seminars. The products are people calling themselves 'citizens of the world' and insisting there will be no boundaries someday soon." Viktoria Panfilova, "Pri imperii nas schitali liudmi vtorogo sorta" (Interview with Islam Karimov: In the Days of the Empire, We Were Regarded as Second-Class Citizens), Nezavisimaia gazeta (January 14, 2005).
68. Muhammad Salih, "Uzbekistan's Dangerous Election Sham," Moscow Times (December 3, 2004). Muhammad Salih is the head of the Erk Democratic Party of Uzbekistan. He contributed this comment to the Moscow Times from exile in Europe.
69. Arminfo news agency (December 14, 2004).
70. Vahan Vardanyan. "There Will Be No Revolution," Ayots Ashkar (December 2, 2004): 3.
71. MPA news agency (January 10, 2005). The author, Mubariz Ahmadoglu. is the director of the Institute for Political Innovations and Technologies in Baku.
72. I b i d.
73. Bilik Dunyasi news agency (December 16, 2004).
74. Azerbaijan Television NS (December 29, 2004). Mubariz Ahmadoglu predicts: "Even if there is an increased level of political activity in Azerbaijani in the run up to the parliamentary elections, I do not believe that these processes will take a revolutionary nature and lead to a change of power." MPA (January 10, 2005).
75. Greg Bloom, "U.S. Can't Buy Revolution," Moscow Times (December 23, 2004). Bloom was editor in chief of the Kylv Post from 2000 to 2003. "The strongest indictment one could make about the effect of U.S.-funded democracy-building programs on the Ukrainian election is that they leveled the playing field for the opposition."
76. Conference on Ukraine with Effective Policy Fund president Gleb Pavlovsky, RIA-Novosti, December 3, 2004.
77. Vladimirov, "Revoliutsiia na eksport."
78. Lilia Shevtsova, "Ispytanie Ukrainoi. Vyderzhit li ego Putin i sozdannyi im rezhim?" (A Test with Ukraine: Will Putin and the Regime Created by Him Pass It?), Novaia gazeta (December 6, 2004).
79. See also Mikhail Zygar, "Rabota nad uspekhami: Sergei Lavrov opravdyvaetsia za pozitivnyi god" (Working on Success: Sergei Lavrov Congratulates Himself on "Positive" Year), Kommersant (January 20, 2005): 1.
80. Christopher Smith, "Democracy in the CIS," Washington Times (January 12, 2005). Smith, a Republican member of Congress from New Jersey, is the U.S. Helsinki Commission chair.
81. Viacheslav Timirbaiev, "Will We Learn a Lesson from the Ukrainian Elections?" Moia stolitsa novosti (December 7, 2004): 1.
82. Max Boot, "Exporting the Ukraine Miracle," Los Angeles Times (December 30, 2004): B11. Boot is a senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations.
83. Ekho Moskvy radio (January 14, 2005).
84. Anatol Lieven, "The Essential Vladimir Putin," Foreign Policy, no. 145 (January/February 2005): 76-77.