Is a single definition of the metabolic syndrome appropriate? - A comparative study of the USA and Asia

Atherosclerosis

Volumn 184, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 225-232

  Patel, A ^a,e   Huang, K C ^a,b   Janus, E D ^c   Gill, T ^a   Neal, B ^a   Suriyawongpaisal, P ^d   Wong, E ^e   Woodward, M ^a   Stolk, R P ^a,f  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

^b NATIONAL TAIWAN UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Taiwan)

^c Greater Green Triangle University Department of Rural Health   (Australia)

^d MAHIDOL UNIVERSITY   (Thailand)

^e ROYAL PRINCE ALFRED HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^f UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER GRONINGEN   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Asia; Blood pressure; Central obesity; HDL cholesterol; Metabolic syndrome; Triglycerides

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; ASIAN; COMPARATIVE STUDY; FEMALE; HEALTH SURVEY; HONG KONG; HUMAN; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; POPULATION RESEARCH; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RACE DIFFERENCE; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SEX DIFFERENCE; STANDARDIZATION; TAIWAN; THAILAND; UNITED STATES; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE;

BLOOD PRESSURE; CHOLESTEROL, HDL; FEMALE; HONG KONG; HUMANS; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MIDDLE AGED; PREVALENCE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS; TAIWAN; THAILAND; TRIGLYCERIDES; UNITED STATES;

EID: 28344452984     PISSN: 00219150     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.04.012     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. K.G. Alberti, and P. Zimmet Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Provisional report of a WHO consultation Diabetes Med 15 1998 539 553
2. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) JAMA 285 2001 2486 2497
3. C.A. Aguilar-Salinas, R. Rojas, and F.J. Gómez-Pérez Analysis of the agreement between the World Health Organization criteria and the National Cholesterol Education Program-III definition of the metabolic syndrome: results from a population-based survey Diabetes Care 26 2003 1635
4. E.S. Ford, and W.H. Giles A comparison of the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome using two proposed definitions Diabetes Care 26 2003 575 581
5. E.J. Boyko, M. de Courten, and P. Zimmet Features of the metabolic syndrome predict higher risk of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance: a prospective study in Mauritius Diabetes Care 23 2000 1242 1248
6. R.L. Hanson, G. Imperatore, P. Bennett, and W.C. Knowler Components of the "metabolic syndrome" and incidence of type 2 diabetes Diabetes 51 2002 3120 3127
7. B. Isomaa, P. Almgren, and T. Tuomi Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with the metabolic syndrome Diabetes Care 24 2001 683 689
8. D.E. Laaksonen, H.-M. Lakka, and L.K. Niskanen Metabolic syndrome and development of diabetes mellitus: application and validation of recently suggested definitions of the metabolic syndrome in a prospective cohort study Am J Epidemiol 156 2002 1070 1077
9. H.-M. Lakka, D.E. Laaksonen, and T.A. Lakka The metabolic syndrome and total and cardiovascular mortality in middle-aged men JAMA 288 2002 2709 2716
10. E.S. Ford, W.H. Giles, and W.H. Dietz Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey JAMA 287 2002 356 359
11. L.P. Palaniappan, M.R. Carnethon, and S.P. Fortmann Heterogeneity in the relationship between ethnicity, BMI, and fasting insulin Diabetes Care 25 2002 1351 1357
12. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Plan and operation of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. National Center for Health Statistics Vital Health Statistics, 1994;1(32):1-407.
13. K.-C. Huang, W.-Y. Lin, and L.-T. Lee Four anthropometric indices and cardiovascular risk factors in Taiwan Int J Obesity 26 2002 1060 1068
14. T.H. Lam, L.J. Liu, E.D. Janus, C. Bourke, and A.J. Hedley The relationship between fibrinogen and other coronary heart disease risk factors in a Chinese population Atherosclerosis 143 1999 405 413
15. The InterASIA Collaborative Group Cardiovascular risk factor levels in urban and rural Thailand - the International Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease in Asia (InterASIA) Eur J Cardiovasc Prevent Rehab 2003 249 257
16. Republic of China, Department of Health. Taiwan Public Health Report 1998-2000, Taipei; 2002.
17. M. Woodward Epidemiology: study design and data analysis 2nd ed. 2005 Chapman & Hall/CRC Press Boca Raton
18. World Health Organization. Age standardization of rates: a new WHO standard. World Health Organization; 2000 (Accessed 20 December 2003).
19. Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration Blood pressure and cardiovascular disease in the Asia Pacific region J Hypertens 21 2003 707 716
20. R. Clarke, M. Shipley, and S. Lewington Underestimation of risk associations due to regression dilution in long-term follow-up of prospective studies Am J Epidemiol 150 1999 341 353
21. J.D. Neaton, and D. Wentworth Serum cholesterol, blood pressure, cigarette smoking, and death from coronary heart disease. Overall findings and differences by age for 316,099 white men. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group. Arch Int Med 152 1992 56 64
22. K. Bhuripanyo, P. Tatsanavivat, and B. Matrakool A prevalence survey of lipids abnormalities of rural area in Amphoe Phon, Khon Kaen J Med Assoc Thai 76 1993 101 108
23. K. Chaisiri, P. Pongpaew, and R. Tungtrongchitr Nutritional status and serum lipids of a rural population in Northeast Thailand - an example of health transition Int J Vit Nutr Res 68 1998 196 202
24. P. Pongpaew, S. Saovakontha, and F.P. Schelp Serum lipid pattern in urban and rural Thai population J Nutr Sci Vitamin 24 1978 289 296
25. P. Yamwong, P. Assantachai, and A. Amornrat Prevalence of dyslipidemia in the elderly in rural areas of Thailand Southeast Asian J Trop Med Pub Health 31 2000 158 162
26. P. Deurenberg, M. Deurenberg-Yap, and S. Guricci Asians are different to Caucasians and from each other in their body mass index/body fat per cent relationship Obesity Rev 3 2002 141 146
27. A. Ramachandran, C. Snehalatha, V. Viswanathan, M. Viswanathan, and S.M. Haffner Risk of noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus conferred by obesity and central adiposity in different ethnic groups: a comparative analysis between Asian Indians, Mexican Americans and Whites Diabetes Res Clin Pract 36 1997 121 125
28. C.-E. Tan, S. Ma, D. Wai, S.-K. Chew, and E.-S. Tai Can we apply the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel definition of the metabolic syndrome to Asians Diabetes Care 27 2004 1182 1186
29. WHO Expert Consultation Appropriate body mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies Lancet 363 2004 157 163
30. International Atherosclerosis Society. International Atherosclerosis Society harmonized guidelines on prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The International Atherosclerosis Society Executive Committee; 2003 (Accessed 23 July 2004).
31. Thomas GN, Ho S-Y, Janus ED, et al., for the Hong Kong Cardiovascular Risk Factor Prevalence Study Steering Committee. The US National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATPIII) prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in a Chinese population: the Hong Kong Cardiovascular Risk Factor Study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2005;67:251-7.
32. I. Hajjar, and T.A. Kotchen Trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the United States JAMA 290 2003 199 206
33. I.U. Haq, L.E. Ramsay, P.R. Jackson, and E.J. Wallis Prediction of coronary risk for primary prevention of coronary heart disease: a comparison of methods QJM 92 1999 379 385