메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 155, Issue 19-20, 2005, Pages 444-453

Effects of thyroid disorders on the bone;Auswirkungen von schilddrüsenfehlfunktionen auf den knochen

Author keywords

Bone metabolism; Bone mineral density; Fractures; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; L thyroxine; Osteoporosis

Indexed keywords

ANTITHYROID AGENT; LEVOTHYROXINE; THYROID HORMONE;

EID: 28044469536     PISSN: 00435341     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10354-005-0222-0     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (8)

References (88)
  • 1
    • 0037298981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid function and post-menopause
    • Schindler AE (2003) Thyroid function and post-menopause. Gynecol Endocrinol 17: 79-85
    • (2003) Gynecol Endocrinol , vol.17 , pp. 79-85
    • Schindler, A.E.1
  • 3
    • 28044456563 scopus 로고
    • Cases showing osteoporosis due to decalcification in exophtalmic goiter
    • Plummer WA (1928) Cases showing osteoporosis due to decalcification in exophtalmic goiter. Staff Meet Mayo Clin 3: 119-121
    • (1928) Staff Meet Mayo Clin , vol.3 , pp. 119-121
    • Plummer, W.A.1
  • 4
    • 0035857351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Osteoporosis, prevention, diagnosis and therapy
    • Anonymous (2001) Osteoporosis, prevention, diagnosis and therapy. JAMA 285: 785-795
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.285 , pp. 785-795
  • 5
    • 0023913120 scopus 로고
    • The steroid and thyroid hormone receptor superfamily
    • Evans RM (1988) The steroid and thyroid hormone receptor superfamily. Science 240: 889-895
    • (1988) Science , vol.240 , pp. 889-895
    • Evans, R.M.1
  • 6
    • 0022576027 scopus 로고
    • Nuclear thyroid hormone receptors in cultured bone cells
    • Rizzoli R, Poser J, Bürgi U (1986) Nuclear thyroid hormone receptors in cultured bone cells. Metabolism 35: 71-74
    • (1986) Metabolism , vol.35 , pp. 71-74
    • Rizzoli, R.1    Poser, J.2    Bürgi, U.3
  • 7
    • 0024513956 scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone 5′deiodinase activity, nuclear binding, effects of mitogenesis in UMR-106 osteoblastic osteosarcoma cells
    • LeBron BA, Pekary AE, Mirell C, Hahn TJ, Hershman JM (1989) Thyroid hormone 5′deiodinase activity, nuclear binding, effects of mitogenesis in UMR-106 osteoblastic osteosarcoma cells. J Bone Miner Res 4: 173-178
    • (1989) J Bone Miner Res , vol.4 , pp. 173-178
    • LeBron, B.A.1    Pekary, A.E.2    Mirell, C.3    Hahn, T.J.4    Hershman, J.M.5
  • 8
    • 0023789124 scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of alkaline phosphatase activity by thyroid hormone in mouse osteoblast-like cells (MCT3T): A possible mechanism of hyperalkaline phosphatasia in hyperthyroidism
    • Kasono K, Sato K, Han DC, Fujii Y, Tsushima T, Shizume K (1988) Stimulation of alkaline phosphatase activity by thyroid hormone in mouse osteoblast-like cells (MCT3T): a possible mechanism of hyperalkaline phosphatasia in hyperthyroidism. J Bone Miner Res 4: 355-363
    • (1988) J Bone Miner Res , vol.4 , pp. 355-363
    • Kasono, K.1    Sato, K.2    Han, D.C.3    Fujii, Y.4    Tsushima, T.5    Shizume, K.6
  • 9
    • 0027220830 scopus 로고
    • Effects of tri-iodothyronine on DNA synthesis and differentiation markers of normal human osteoblast-like cells
    • Kassem M, Mosekilde L, Eriksen EF (1993) Effects of tri-iodothyronine on DNA synthesis and differentiation markers of normal human osteoblast-like cells. Biochem Mol Biol Int 30: 779-78
    • (1993) Biochem Mol Biol Int , vol.30 , pp. 779-878
    • Kassem, M.1    Mosekilde, L.2    Eriksen, E.F.3
  • 10
    • 0026352894 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for direct non-genomic effects of triiodothyronine on bone rudiments in rats: Stimulation of the inositole phosphatase second messenger system
    • Lakotos P, Stern PH (1991) Evidence for direct non-genomic effects of triiodothyronine on bone rudiments in rats: stimulation of the inositole phosphatase second messenger system. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 125: 603-608
    • (1991) Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) , vol.125 , pp. 603-608
    • Lakotos, P.1    Stern, P.H.2
  • 11
    • 0026857943 scopus 로고
    • Triiodothyronine (T3) stimulates insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-2 production by rat osteoblasts in vitro
    • Schmid C, Schlapfer I, Futo E, Waldvogel M, Schwander J, Zapf J, Frosch ER (1992) Triiodothyronine (T3) stimulates insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-2 production by rat osteoblasts in vitro. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 126: 467-473
    • (1992) Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) , vol.126 , pp. 467-473
    • Schmid, C.1    Schlapfer, I.2    Futo, E.3    Waldvogel, M.4    Schwander, J.5    Zapf, J.6    Frosch, E.R.7
  • 12
    • 0027428036 scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormones increase insulin-like growth factor I content in the medium of rat bone tissue
    • Lakotos P, Caplice MD, Khanna V, Stern PH (1993) Thyroid hormones increase insulin-like growth factor I content in the medium of rat bone tissue. J Bone Miner Res 8: 1475-1481
    • (1993) J Bone Miner Res , vol.8 , pp. 1475-1481
    • Lakotos, P.1    Caplice, M.D.2    Khanna, V.3    Stern, P.H.4
  • 13
    • 0033981461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin-like growth factor I production is essential for anabolic effects of thyroid hormone in osteoblasts
    • Huank BK, Golden LA, Tarjan G, Madison LD, Stern PH (2000) Insulin-like growth factor I production is essential for anabolic effects of thyroid hormone in osteoblasts. J Bone Miner Res 15: 188-197
    • (2000) J Bone Miner Res , vol.15 , pp. 188-197
    • Huank, B.K.1    Golden, L.A.2    Tarjan, G.3    Madison, L.D.4    Stern, P.H.5
  • 14
    • 0029121287 scopus 로고
    • Retinoids modify regulation of endogenous gene expression by vitamin D3 and thyroid hormone in three osteosarcoma cell lines
    • Williams GR, Bland R, Sheppard MC (1995) Retinoids modify regulation of endogenous gene expression by vitamin D3 and thyroid hormone in three osteosarcoma cell lines. Endocrinology 136: 4304-4314
    • (1995) Endocrinology , vol.136 , pp. 4304-4314
    • Williams, G.R.1    Bland, R.2    Sheppard, M.C.3
  • 15
    • 0030062931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone and retinoic acid induce the synthesis of insuline-like growth factor-binding protein-4 in mouse osteoblastic cells
    • Glantschnig H, Varga F, Klaushofer K (1996) Thyroid hormone and retinoic acid induce the synthesis of insuline-like growth factor-binding protein-4 in mouse osteoblastic cells. Endocrinology 137: 281-286
    • (1996) Endocrinology , vol.137 , pp. 281-286
    • Glantschnig, H.1    Varga, F.2    Klaushofer, K.3
  • 17
    • 0030014937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The isoform-specific expression of the tri-iodothyronine receptor in osteoblasts and osteoclasts
    • Allain TJ, Yen PM, Flanagan AM, McGregor AM (1996) The isoform-specific expression of the tri-iodothyronine receptor in osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Eur J Clin Invest 26: 418-425
    • (1996) Eur J Clin Invest , vol.26 , pp. 418-425
    • Allain, T.J.1    Yen, P.M.2    Flanagan, A.M.3    McGregor, A.M.4
  • 20
    • 4444358792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone stimulates osteoclast differentiation by a mechanism independent of RANKL-RANK interaction
    • Kanatani M, Sugimoto T, Sowa H, Kobayashi T, Kanzawa M, Chihara K (2004) Thyroid hormone stimulates osteoclast differentiation by a mechanism independent of RANKL-RANK interaction. J Cell Physiol 201: 17-25
    • (2004) J Cell Physiol , vol.201 , pp. 17-25
    • Kanatani, M.1    Sugimoto, T.2    Sowa, H.3    Kobayashi, T.4    Kanzawa, M.5    Chihara, K.6
  • 23
    • 20044380721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recombinant human TSH modulates in vivo C-telopeptides of type-1 collagen an bone alkaline phosphatase, but not osteoprotegerin production in postmenopausal women monitored for different thyroid carcinoma
    • Maziotti G, Sorvillo F, Piscopo M, Cioffi M, Pilla P, Biondi B, Iorio S, Giustina A, Amato G, Carella C (2005) Recombinant human TSH modulates in vivo C-telopeptides of type-1 collagen an bone alkaline phosphatase, but not osteoprotegerin production in postmenopausal women monitored for different thyroid carcinoma. J Bone Miner Res 20: 480-486
    • (2005) J Bone Miner Res , vol.20 , pp. 480-486
    • Maziotti, G.1    Sorvillo, F.2    Piscopo, M.3    Cioffi, M.4    Pilla, P.5    Biondi, B.6    Iorio, S.7    Giustina, A.8    Amato, G.9    Carella, C.10
  • 28
    • 0015832824 scopus 로고
    • Effect of thyroxine and growth hormone on longitudinal bone growth in the hypophysectomized rat
    • Thorngren KG, Hansson LI (1973) Effect of thyroxine and growth hormone on longitudinal bone growth in the hypophysectomized rat. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 74: 24
    • (1973) Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) , vol.74 , pp. 24
    • Thorngren, K.G.1    Hansson, L.I.2
  • 30
    • 0022516093 scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of trabecular bone resorption and formation in hypothyroidism: Evidence for a positive balance per remodelling cycle
    • Eriksen EF, Mosekilde L, Melsen F (1986) Kinetics of trabecular bone resorption and formation in hypothyroidism: evidence for a positive balance per remodelling cycle. Bone 7: 101-108
    • (1986) Bone , vol.7 , pp. 101-108
    • Eriksen, E.F.1    Mosekilde, L.2    Melsen, F.3
  • 31
    • 0035043983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppressive levothyroxine therapy has no significant influence on bone degradation in women with thyroid carcinoma: A comparison with other disorders affecting bone metabolism
    • Mikosch P, Jauk B, Gallowitsch HJ, Pipam W, Kresnik E, Lind P (2001) Suppressive levothyroxine therapy has no significant influence on bone degradation in women with thyroid carcinoma: a comparison with other disorders affecting bone metabolism. Thyroid 11: 257-263
    • (2001) Thyroid , vol.11 , pp. 257-263
    • Mikosch, P.1    Jauk, B.2    Gallowitsch, H.J.3    Pipam, W.4    Kresnik, E.5    Lind, P.6
  • 32
    • 1642369506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restoration of euthyroidism accelerates bone turnover in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism: A randomised controlled trial
    • Meier C, Beat M, Guglielmetti M, Christ-Crain M, Staub JJ, Kränzlin M (2004) Restoration of euthyroidism accelerates bone turnover in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism: a randomised controlled trial. Osteoporosis Int 15: 209-216
    • (2004) Osteoporosis Int , vol.15 , pp. 209-216
    • Meier, C.1    Beat, M.2    Guglielmetti, M.3    Christ-Crain, M.4    Staub, J.J.5    Kränzlin, M.6
  • 33
    • 0025140523 scopus 로고
    • Accelerated bone loss in hypothyroid patients overtreated with L-thyroxine
    • Stall GM, Harris S, Sokoll LJ, Dawson-Hughes B (1991) Accelerated bone loss in hypothyroid patients overtreated with L-thyroxine Ann Intern Med 113: 265-269
    • (1991) Ann Intern Med , vol.113 , pp. 265-269
    • Stall, G.M.1    Harris, S.2    Sokoll, L.J.3    Dawson-Hughes, B.4
  • 34
    • 0029997082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone mineral density in adolescent females treated with L-thyroxine: A longitudinal study
    • Saggese G, Bertelloni S, Baroncelli GI, Costa S, Ceccarelli C (1996) Bone mineral density in adolescent females treated with L-thyroxine: a longitudinal study. Eur J Pediatr 155: 452-457
    • (1996) Eur J Pediatr , vol.155 , pp. 452-457
    • Saggese, G.1    Bertelloni, S.2    Baroncelli, G.I.3    Costa, S.4    Ceccarelli, C.5
  • 35
    • 0030798091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone mineral density and metabolism in children with congenital hypothyroidism after prolonged L-thyroxine therapy
    • Leger J, Ruiz JC, Guibourdenche J, Kindermans C, Garabedian M, Czernichow P (1997) Bone mineral density and metabolism in children with congenital hypothyroidism after prolonged L-thyroxine therapy. Acta Pädiatr 86: 704-710
    • (1997) Acta Pädiatr , vol.86 , pp. 704-710
    • Leger, J.1    Ruiz, J.C.2    Guibourdenche, J.3    Kindermans, C.4    Garabedian, M.5    Czernichow, P.6
  • 36
    • 0027437011 scopus 로고
    • Bone density is not reduced during the short-term administration of levothyroxine to post-menopausal women with subclinical hypothyroidism: A randomized prospective study
    • Ross DS (1993) Bone density is not reduced during the short-term administration of levothyroxine to post-menopausal women with subclinical hypothyroidism: A randomized prospective study. Am J Med 95: 385-388
    • (1993) Am J Med , vol.95 , pp. 385-388
    • Ross, D.S.1
  • 37
    • 0016527284 scopus 로고
    • Comparative response to parathyroid hormone in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism
    • Castro JH, Genuth SM, Klein L (1975) Comparative response to parathyroid hormone in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Metabolism 24: 839-848
    • (1975) Metabolism , vol.24 , pp. 839-848
    • Castro, J.H.1    Genuth, S.M.2    Klein, L.3
  • 38
    • 0018934310 scopus 로고
    • Influence of thyroid function on the serum concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
    • Bouillon R, Muls E, De Moor P (1980) Influence of thyroid function on the serum concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 51: 793-797
    • (1980) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.51 , pp. 793-797
    • Bouillon, R.1    Muls, E.2    De Moor, P.3
  • 39
    • 0015846687 scopus 로고
    • The influence of thyroid hormone on calcium absorption from the gut in relation to urinary calcium excretion
    • Lekkerkerker JFF, Doorenbos H (1973) The influence of thyroid hormone on calcium absorption from the gut in relation to urinary calcium excretion. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 73: 672-680
    • (1973) Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) , vol.73 , pp. 672-680
    • Lekkerkerker, J.F.F.1    Doorenbos, H.2
  • 40
    • 0016314375 scopus 로고
    • Hypercalcemia and thyrotoxicosis
    • Farnsworth AE, Dobyns BM (1974) Hypercalcemia and thyrotoxicosis. Med J Aust 2: 782-784
    • (1974) Med J Aust , vol.2 , pp. 782-784
    • Farnsworth, A.E.1    Dobyns, B.M.2
  • 41
    • 0013951289 scopus 로고
    • Hypocalcaemia and thyrotoxicosis
    • Baxter JD, Bondy PK (1966) Hypocalcaemia and thyrotoxicosis. Ann Int Med 65: 429-442
    • (1966) Ann Int Med , vol.65 , pp. 429-442
    • Baxter, J.D.1    Bondy, P.K.2
  • 45
    • 0017958839 scopus 로고
    • Effect of antithyroid treatment on calcium-phosphorus metabolism in hyperthyroidism. II Bone histomorphometry
    • Mosekilde L, Melson F (1978) Effect of antithyroid treatment on calcium-phosphorus metabolism in hyperthyroidism. II Bone histomorphometry. Acta Endocrinol 87: 751-758
    • (1978) Acta Endocrinol , vol.87 , pp. 751-758
    • Mosekilde, L.1    Melson, F.2
  • 47
    • 1842610716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Die knochenszintigraphie in der diagnostik metabolischer knochenerkrankungen
    • Mikosch P (2004) Die Knochenszintigraphie in der Diagnostik metabolischer Knochenerkrankungen. Wien Med Wochenschr 154: 119-126
    • (2004) Wien Med Wochenschr , vol.154 , pp. 119-126
    • Mikosch, P.1
  • 48
    • 0034234357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced bone mineral density at diagnosis and bone mineral recovery during treatment in children with Graves' disease
    • Lucidarme N, Ruiz JC, Czernichow P, Leger J (2000) Reduced bone mineral density at diagnosis and bone mineral recovery during treatment in children with Graves' disease. J Patiatr 137: 56-62
    • (2000) J Patiatr , vol.137 , pp. 56-62
    • Lucidarme, N.1    Ruiz, J.C.2    Czernichow, P.3    Leger, J.4
  • 50
    • 0033031871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone turnover and cortical bone mineral density in the distal radius in patients with hyperthyroidism being treated with antithyroid drugs for various periods of time
    • Oikawa M, Kushida K, Takahashi M, Ohishi T, Hoshino H, Suzuki M, Ogihara H, Ishigaki J, Inoue T (1999) Bone turnover and cortical bone mineral density in the distal radius in patients with hyperthyroidism being treated with antithyroid drugs for various periods of time. Clin Endocrinol 50: 171-176
    • (1999) Clin Endocrinol , vol.50 , pp. 171-176
    • Oikawa, M.1    Kushida, K.2    Takahashi, M.3    Ohishi, T.4    Hoshino, H.5    Suzuki, M.6    Ogihara, H.7    Ishigaki, J.8    Inoue, T.9
  • 51
    • 0034452961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in parameters of bone and mineral metabolism during therapy for hyperthyroidism
    • Pantazi H, Papapetrou PD (2000) Changes in parameters of bone and mineral metabolism during therapy for hyperthyroidism. J clin Endocrinol Metab 85: 1099-1106
    • (2000) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.85 , pp. 1099-1106
    • Pantazi, H.1    Papapetrou, P.D.2
  • 52
    • 0034729066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variable bone mass recovery in hyperthyroid bone disease after radio-iodine therapy in postmenopausal patients
    • Obermayer-Pietsch B, Dobnig H, Warnkross H, Dimai HP, Weber K, Berghold A, Leb G (2000) Variable bone mass recovery in hyperthyroid bone disease after radio-iodine therapy in postmenopausal patients. Maturitas 35: 159-166
    • (2000) Maturitas , vol.35 , pp. 159-166
    • Obermayer-Pietsch, B.1    Dobnig, H.2    Warnkross, H.3    Dimai, H.P.4    Weber, K.5    Berghold, A.6    Leb, G.7
  • 53
    • 0028296041 scopus 로고
    • Changes in bone mass during prolonged subclinical hyperthyroidism due to L-thyroxine treatment: A meta-analysis
    • Faber J, Galløe AM (1994) Changes in bone mass during prolonged subclinical hyperthyroidism due to L-thyroxine treatment: a meta-analysis. Eur J Endocrinol 130: 350-356
    • (1994) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.130 , pp. 350-356
    • Faber, J.1    Galløe, A.M.2
  • 54
    • 0020583227 scopus 로고
    • Spine bone mineral content in myxoedema and thyrotoxicosis: Effects of thyroid hormone(s) and antithyroid treatment
    • Krolner B, Jorgensen JV, Nielsen SP (1983) Spine bone mineral content in myxoedema and thyrotoxicosis: effects of thyroid hormone(s) and antithyroid treatment. Clin Endocrinol 18: 439-446
    • (1983) Clin Endocrinol , vol.18 , pp. 439-446
    • Krolner, B.1    Jorgensen, J.V.2    Nielsen, S.P.3
  • 56
    • 0025880181 scopus 로고
    • A therapeutic dilemma: Suppressive doses of thyroxine significantly reduce bone mineral measurements in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women with thyroid carcinoma
    • Diamond T, Nery L, Hales I (1991) A therapeutic dilemma: suppressive doses of thyroxine significantly reduce bone mineral measurements in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women with thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 72: 1184-1188
    • (1991) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.72 , pp. 1184-1188
    • Diamond, T.1    Nery, L.2    Hales, I.3
  • 57
    • 0027434963 scopus 로고
    • Bone mineral density in patients with endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism: Is this thyroid status a risk factor for osteoporosis
    • Földes J, Tarjan G, Szathmari M, Varga F, Krasznai I, Horvath CS (1993) Bone mineral density in patients with endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism: is this thyroid status a risk factor for osteoporosis. Clin Endocrinol 39: 521-527
    • (1993) Clin Endocrinol , vol.39 , pp. 521-527
    • Földes, J.1    Tarjan, G.2    Szathmari, M.3    Varga, F.4    Krasznai, I.5    Horvath, C.S.6
  • 59
    • 0028324355 scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone use and bone mineral density in elderly women. Effect of estrogen
    • Schneider DL, Barrett-Connor EL, Morton DJ (1994) Thyroid hormone use and bone mineral density in elderly women. Effect of estrogen. JAMA 271: 1245-1249
    • (1994) JAMA , vol.271 , pp. 1245-1249
    • Schneider, D.L.1    Barrett-Connor, E.L.2    Morton, D.J.3
  • 62
    • 0033522483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of thyroid hormone on skeletal integrity
    • Greenspan SL, Greenspan FS (1999) The effect of thyroid hormone on skeletal integrity. Ann Intern Med 130: 750-758
    • (1999) Ann Intern Med , vol.130 , pp. 750-758
    • Greenspan, S.L.1    Greenspan, F.S.2
  • 63
    • 0029062429 scopus 로고
    • Possible limited loss with suppressive thyroxine therapy is unlikely to have clinical relevance
    • Müller CG, Bayley TA, Harrison JE, Tsang R (1995) Possible limited loss with suppressive thyroxine therapy is unlikely to have clinical relevance. Thyroid 5: 81-87
    • (1995) Thyroid , vol.5 , pp. 81-87
    • Müller, C.G.1    Bayley, T.A.2    Harrison, J.E.3    Tsang, R.4
  • 64
    • 0029938448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone mineral density in patients receiving suppressive doses of thyroxine for differentiated thyroid carcinoma
    • Görres G, Kaim A, Otte A, Götze M, Müller-Brand J (1996) Bone mineral density in patients receiving suppressive doses of thyroxine for differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Eur J Nucl Med 23: 690-692
    • (1996) Eur J Nucl Med , vol.23 , pp. 690-692
    • Görres, G.1    Kaim, A.2    Otte, A.3    Götze, M.4    Müller-Brand, J.5
  • 65
    • 15244342643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical hyperthyroidism in patients with nodular goiter represents a hypermetabolic state
    • Kvetny J (2005) Subclinical hyperthyroidism in patients with nodular goiter represents a hypermetabolic state. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 113: 122-126
    • (2005) Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes , vol.113 , pp. 122-126
    • Kvetny, J.1
  • 66
    • 0035044222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomised trial comparing levothyroxine with radioactive iodine in the treatment of sporadic non-toxic goiter
    • Wesche MF, Tiel-V Buul MM, Lips P, Smits NJ, Wiersinga WM (2001) A randomised trial comparing levothyroxine with radioactive iodine in the treatment of sporadic non-toxic goiter. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86: 998-1005
    • (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.86 , pp. 998-1005
    • Wesche, M.F.1    Tiel-V Buul, M.M.2    Lips, P.3    Smits, N.J.4    Wiersinga, W.M.5
  • 67
  • 68
    • 0028350571 scopus 로고
    • Carefully monitored levothyroxine suppressive therapy is not associated with bone loss in premenopausal women
    • Marcocci C, Golia F, Bruno-Bossio G, Vignali E, Pinchera A (1994) Carefully monitored levothyroxine suppressive therapy is not associated with bone loss in premenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 78: 818-823
    • (1994) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.78 , pp. 818-823
    • Marcocci, C.1    Golia, F.2    Bruno-Bossio, G.3    Vignali, E.4    Pinchera, A.5
  • 69
    • 2642617814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Markers of bone turnover in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer with and following withdrawal of thyroxine suppressive therapy
    • Toivonen J, Tähtelä R, Laitinen K, Risteli J, Välimäki MJ (1998) Markers of bone turnover in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer with and following withdrawal of thyroxine suppressive therapy. Eur J Endocrinol 138: 667-673
    • (1998) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.138 , pp. 667-673
    • Toivonen, J.1    Tähtelä, R.2    Laitinen, K.3    Risteli, J.4    Välimäki, M.J.5
  • 70
    • 0027378991 scopus 로고
    • Bone mineral density in patients receiving suppressive doses of thyroxine for thyroid carcinoma
    • Florkowski CM, Brownlie BE, Elliot JR, Ayling EM, Turner JG (1993) Bone mineral density in patients receiving suppressive doses of thyroxine for thyroid carcinoma. N Z Med J 106: 443-444
    • (1993) N Z Med J , vol.106 , pp. 443-444
    • Florkowski, C.M.1    Brownlie, B.E.2    Elliot, J.R.3    Ayling, E.M.4    Turner, J.G.5
  • 71
    • 0030936418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal changes of bone mineral density and bone turnover in postmenopausal women on thyroxine
    • Guo CY, Weetman AP, Eastell R (1997) Longitudinal changes of bone mineral density and bone turnover in postmenopausal women on thyroxine. Clin Endocrinol 46: 301-307
    • (1997) Clin Endocrinol , vol.46 , pp. 301-307
    • Guo, C.Y.1    Weetman, A.P.2    Eastell, R.3
  • 72
    • 0027267038 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of fractures in postmenopausal women with thyroid disease
    • Solomon BL, Wartofsky L, Burmann KD (1993) Prevalence of fractures in postmenopausal women with thyroid disease. Thyroid 3: 17-23
    • (1993) Thyroid , vol.3 , pp. 17-23
    • Solomon, B.L.1    Wartofsky, L.2    Burmann, K.D.3
  • 74
    • 0000769823 scopus 로고
    • Hyperthyroidism increases the risk of osteoporotic hip fractures. A prospective study
    • Abstract 116
    • Bauer DC, Cummings SR, Tao JL, Browner WS (1992) Hyperthyroidism increases the risk of osteoporotic hip fractures. A prospective study. Am Soc Bone Miner Res 7: S 121 (Abstract 116)
    • (1992) Am Soc Bone Miner Res , vol.7
    • Bauer, D.C.1    Cummings, S.R.2    Tao, J.L.3    Browner, W.S.4
  • 75
    • 0035799398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk for fracture in women with low serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone
    • Bauer DC, Ettiger B, Nevitt MC, Stone KL (2001) Risk for fracture in women with low serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone. Ann Intern Med 134: 561-568
    • (2001) Ann Intern Med , vol.134 , pp. 561-568
    • Bauer, D.C.1    Ettiger, B.2    Nevitt, M.C.3    Stone, K.L.4
  • 76
    • 0035986943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fractures in patients with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. A nationwide follow-up study in 16,249 patients
    • Vestergaard P, Mosekilde L (2002) Fractures in patients with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. A nationwide follow-up study in 16,249 patients. Thyroid 12: 411-419
    • (2002) Thyroid , vol.12 , pp. 411-419
    • Vestergaard, P.1    Mosekilde, L.2
  • 77
    • 0038506905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperthyroidism, bone mineral, and fracture risk - A meta analysis
    • Vestergaard P, Mosekilde L (2003) Hyperthyroidism, bone mineral, and fracture risk - a meta analysis. Thyroid 13: 585-593
    • (2003) Thyroid , vol.13 , pp. 585-593
    • Vestergaard, P.1    Mosekilde, L.2
  • 81
    • 0031035012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skeletal integrity in men chronically treated with suppressive doses of thyroxine
    • Marcocci C, Golia F, Vignali E, Pinchera A (1997) Skeletal integrity in men chronically treated with suppressive doses of thyroxine. J Bone Miner Res 12: 72-77
    • (1997) J Bone Miner Res , vol.12 , pp. 72-77
    • Marcocci, C.1    Golia, F.2    Vignali, E.3    Pinchera, A.4
  • 82
    • 0034890830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone mineral density in male patients with L-thyroxine suppressive therapy and Graves disease
    • Jodar E, Martinez-Diaz-Guerra G, Azriel S, Hawkins F (2001) Bone mineral density in male patients with L-thyroxine suppressive therapy and Graves disease. Calcif Tissue Int 69: 84-87
    • (2001) Calcif Tissue Int , vol.69 , pp. 84-87
    • Jodar, E.1    Martinez-Diaz-Guerra, G.2    Azriel, S.3    Hawkins, F.4
  • 83
    • 0028270220 scopus 로고
    • Detrimental skeletal effects of thyrotropin suppressive doses of thyroxine: Fact or fantasy?
    • Baran DT (1994) Detrimental skeletal effects of thyrotropin suppressive doses of thyroxine: fact or fantasy? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 78: 816-817
    • (1994) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.78 , pp. 816-817
    • Baran, D.T.1
  • 84
    • 0028352368 scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone and bone mass: The clinician's dilemma
    • Baran DT (1994). Thyroid hormone and bone mass: the clinician's dilemma. Thyroid 4: 143-144
    • (1994) Thyroid , vol.4 , pp. 143-144
    • Baran, D.T.1
  • 87
    • 0031784573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized trial of pamidronate in patients with thyroid cancer: Bone density is not reduced by suppressive doses of thyroxine, but is increased by cyclic intravenous pamidronate
    • Rosen HN, Moses AC, Garber J, Ross DS, Lee SL, Ferguson L, Chen V, Lee K, Greespan SL (1998) Randomized trial of pamidronate in patients with thyroid cancer: bone density is not reduced by suppressive doses of thyroxine, but is increased by cyclic intravenous pamidronate. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83: 2324-2330
    • (1998) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.83 , pp. 2324-2330
    • Rosen, H.N.1    Moses, A.C.2    Garber, J.3    Ross, D.S.4    Lee, S.L.5    Ferguson, L.6    Chen, V.7    Lee, K.8    Greespan, S.L.9
  • 88
    • 0032753781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of low bone mass and endocrine disorders in hip fracture patients in Southern Germany
    • Scharla SH, Wolf S, Dull R, Lempert UG (1999) Prevalence of low bone mass and endocrine disorders in hip fracture patients in Southern Germany. Exp Endocrinol Diabetes 107: 547-554
    • (1999) Exp Endocrinol Diabetes , vol.107 , pp. 547-554
    • Scharla, S.H.1    Wolf, S.2    Dull, R.3    Lempert, U.G.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.