The evolution and termination of an iron-induced mesoscale bloom in the northeast subarctic Pacific

Limnology and Oceanography

Volumn 50, Issue 6, 2005, Pages 1872-1886

  Boyd, Philip W ^a   Strzepek, Robert ^a   Takeda, Shigenobu ^b   Jackson, George ^c   Wong, C S ^d   McKay, R Mike ^e   Law, Cliff ^f   Kiyosawa, Hiroshi ^g   Saito, Hiroaki ^h   Sherry, Nelson ⁱ   Johnson, Keith ^c   Gower, Jim ^c   Ramaiah, Neelam ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO   (New Zealand)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO   (Japan)

^c TEXAS A AND M UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d INSTITUTE OF OCEAN SCIENCES   (Canada)

^e BOWLING GREEN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^f NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF WATER AND ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (New Zealand)

^g Marine Biological Research Institute of Japan   (Japan)

^h FISHERIES RESEARCH AGENCY   (Japan)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALGAL BLOOM; GROWTH RATE; IRON; NUTRIENT UPTAKE; PHYTOPLANKTON;

PACIFIC OCEAN; PACIFIC OCEAN (SUBARCTIC);

ALGAE; BACILLARIOPHYTA;

EID: 28044451539     PISSN: 00243590     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4319/lo.2005.50.6.1872     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. ABBOTT M. R., J. G. RICHMAN, R. M. LETELIER, AND J. S. BARTLETT. 2000. The spring bloom in the Antarctic polar frontal zone as observed from a mesoscale array of bio-optical sensors. Deep-Sea Res. II 47: 3285-3314.
2. AGRAWAL, Y. C., AND H. C. POTTSMITH. 2000. Instruments for particle size and settling velocity observations in sediment transport. Mar. Geol. 168: 89-114.
3. ALLDREDGE, A. L., C. GOTSCHALK, U. PASSOW, AND U. RIEBESELL. 1995. Mass aggregation of diatom blooms: Insights from a mesocosm study. Deep-Sea Res. II 42: 9-27.
4. BANSE, K. 1991. Rates of phytoplankton cell division in the field: Iron enrichment experiments. Limnol. Oceanogr. 36: 1886-1898.
5. BEHRENFELD, M. J., A. J. BALE, Z. S. KOLBER, J. AIKEN, AND P. G. FALKOWSKI. 1996. Confirmation of iron limitation of phytoplankton photosynthesis in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Nature 383: 508-510.
6. 13C fractionation and export by equatorial Pacific phytoplankton. Paleoceanography 14: 589-595.
7. BIDLE, K. D., M. MANGANELLI, AND F. AZAM. 2002. Regulation of oceanic silicon and carbon preservation by temperature control on bacteria. Science 298: 1980-1984.
8. BIENFANG, P. K. 1981. Setcol; A technologically simple and reliable method for measuring phytoplankton sinking rates. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 38: 1289-1294.
9. BISHOP, J. K. B. 1999. Transmissiometer measurement of POC. Deep-Sea Res. I 46: 353-369.
10. BOYD, P. W. 2002. The role of iron in the biogeochemistry of the Southern Ocean and equatorial Pacific: A comparison of in situ iron enrichments. Deep-Sea Res. II 49: 1803-1822.
11. _. 2004. Ironing out algal issues in the Southern Ocean. Science 304: 396-397.
12. _, AND E. R. ABRAHAM. 2001. Iron-mediated changes in phytoplankton photosynthetic competence during Soiree. Deep-Sea Res. II 48: 2529-2550.
13. _, G. A. JACKSON, AND A. WAITE. 2002. Are mesoscale perturbation experiments in polar waters prone to physical artefacts? Evidence from algal aggregation modelling studies. Geophys. Res. Lett. 29: doi: 10.1029/ 2001g1014210.
14. _, AND OTHERS. 2004. The decline and fate of an iron-induced subarctic phytoplankton bloom. Nature 428: 549-553.
15. BRZEZINSKI, M. A. 1985. The Si:C:N ratio of marine diatoms interspecific variability and the effect of some environmental variables. J. Phycol. 21: 347-357.
16. BUESSELER, K. O., AND OTHERS. 2001. Upper ocean export of particulate organic carbon and biogenic silica in the Southern Ocean along 170°W. Deep-Sea Res. II 48: 4247-4273.
17. COALE, K. H., S. E. FITZWATER, AND R. M. GORDON. 1996a. Control of community growth and export production by upwelled iron in the equatorial Pacific. Nature 379: 621-624.
18. _, AND OTHERS. 1996b. A massive phytoplankton bloom induced by an ecosystem-scale iron fertilization experiment in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Nature 383: 495-501.
19. CROCKER, K. M., AND U. PASSOW. 1995. Differential aggregation of diatoms. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 117: 249-257.
20. CULLEN, J. J. 1991. Hypothesis to explain high-nutrient conditions in the open sea. Limnol. Oceanogr. 36: 1578-1599.
21. ELLWOOD, M. J., AND C. M. G. VAN DEN BERG. 2001. Determination of organic complexation of cobalt in seawater by C.S.V. Mar. Chem. 75: 33-47.
22. ENGEL, A. 2000. The role of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) in the increase in apparent particle stickiness (α) during the decline of a diatom bloom. J. Plankton Res. 22: 485-497.
23. FRANCK, V. M., M. A. BRZEZINSKI, K. H. COALE, AND D. M. NELSON. 2000. Iron and silicic acid availability regulate Si uptake in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean. Deep-Sea Res. II 47: 3315-3338.
24. FROST, B. W. 1996. Phytoplankton bloom on iron rations. Nature 383: 475-476.
25. HANNON, E., P. W. BOYD, M. SILVOSO, AND C. LANCELOT. 2001. Modeling the bloom evolution and carbon flows during Soiree: Implications for future in situ iron-enrichments in the southern ocean. Deep-Sea Res. II 48: 2745-2774.
26. 2 levels. Paleoceanography 15: 292-298.
27. HONG, Y., W. O. SMITH, JR., AND A-M. WHITE. 1997. Studies on transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) produced in the Ross Sea (Antarctica) and by Phaeocystis antarctica (Prymnesiophyceae). J. Phycol. 33: 368-376.
28. HUTCHINS, D. A., AND K. W. BRULAND. 1998. Iron-limited diatom growth and Si:N uptake ratios in a coastal upwelling regime. Nature 393: 561-564.
29. JACKSON, G. A., AND S. E. LOCHMANN. 1992. Effect of coagulation on nutrient and light limitation of an algal bloom. Limnol. Oceanogr. 37: 77-89.
30. JACKSON, G. A. 2005. Coagulation theory and models of oceanic plankton aggregation, p. 271-291. In I. Droppo, G. Leppard, S. Liss, and T. Milligan [eds.], Flocculation in natural and engineered environmental systems. CRC Press.
31. KIØRBOE, T., K. P. ANDERSEN, AND H. G. DAM. 1990. Coagulation efficiency and aggregate formation in marine phytoplankton. Mar. Biol. 107: 235-245.
32. _, AND J. L. S. HANSEN. 1993. Phytoplankton aggregate formation: Observations of patterns and mechanisms of cell sticking and the significance of exopolymeric material. J. Plankton Res. 15: 993-1018.
33. LANDRY, M. R., J. CONSTANTINOU, M. LATASA, S. L. BROWN, R. R. BIDIGARE, AND M. E. ONDRUSEK. 2000. Biological response to iron fertilization in the eastern equatorial Pacific (Ironex II). iii. Dynamics of phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 201: 57-72.
34. LAROCHE, J., P. W. BOYD, R. M. L. MCKAY, AND R. J. GEIDER. 1996. Flavodoxin as an in situ marker for iron stress in phytoplankton. Nature 382: 802-805.
35. LAW, C. S., A. J. WATSON, M. I. LIDDICOAT, AND T. STANTON. 1998. Sulphur hexafluoride as a tracer of biogeochemical and physical processes in an open-ocean iron fertilisation experiment. Deep-Sea Res. II 45: 977-994.
36. LOCHTE, K., H. W. DUCKLOW, M. J. R. FASHAM, AND C. STIENEN. 1993. Plankton succession and carbon cycling at 47°N 20°W during the JGOFS North Atlantic Bloom Experiment. Deep-Sea Res. II 40: 91-114.
37. MALDONADO, M. T., AND OTHERS. 2001. Iron uptake and physiological response of phytoplankton during a mesoscale Southern Ocean iron enrichment. Limnol. Oceanogr. 46: 1802-1808.
38. 2 change: The iron hypothesis. Paleoceanography 5: 1-13.
39. MARTIN-JEZEQUEL, V., M. HILDEBRAND, AND M. A. BRZEZINSKI. 2000. Silicon metabolism in diatoms: Implications for growth. J. Phycol. 36: 821-840.
40. MCDONALD, D., T. F. PEDERSEN, AND J. CRUSIUS. 1999. Multiple late quaternary episodes of exceptional diatom production in the Gulf of Alaska. Deep-Sea Res. II 46: 2993-3017.
41. NELSON, D. M., AND OTHERS. 2002. Vertical budgets for organic carbon and biogenic silica in the pacific sector of the Southern Ocean, 1996-1998. Deep-Sea Res. II 49: 1645-1674.
42. NISHIOKA, J., S. TAKEDA, C. S. WONG, AND W. K. JOHNSON. 2001. Size-fractionated iron concentrations in the Northeast Pacific Ocean: Distribution of soluble and small colloidal iron. Mar. Chem. 74: 157-179.
43. PASSOW, U. 1991. Species-specific sedimentation and sinking velocities of diatoms. Mar. Biol. 108: 449-455.
44. _, AND A. L. ALLDREDGE. 1995. A quantitative way to determine the concentration of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP). Limnol. Oceanogr. 40: 1326-1335.
45. _, B. E. LOGAN, AND A. ALLDREDGE. 1994. The role of particulate carbohydrate exudates in the flocculation of diatom blooms. Deep-Sea Res. I 41: 335-357.
46. PRIETO, L., AND OTHERS. 2002. Scales and processes in the aggregation of diatom blooms: High time resolution and wide size range records in a mesocosm study. Deep-Sea Res. I 49: 1233-1253.
47. RIEBESELL, U. 1991. Particle aggregation during a diatom bloom. II. biological aspects. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 69: 281-291.
48. SANDSTRÖM, S., A. G. IVANOV, Y. I. PARK, G. ÖQUIST, AND P. GUSTAFSSON. 2002. Iron stress responses in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. pcc7942. Physiol. Plant. 116: 255-263.
49. STERNER, R. W., T.M. SMUTKA, R. M. L. MCKAY, Q. XIAOMING, E. T. BROWN, AND R. M. SHERRELL. 2004. Phosphorus and trace metal limitation of algae and bacteria in Lake Superior. Limnol. Oceanogr. 49: 495-507.
50. SUNDA, W. G., AND S. A. HUNTSMAN. 1995. Iron uptake and growth limitation in oceanic and coastal phytoplankton. Mar. Chem. 50: 189-206.
51. WELLS, M. L. 2003. The level of iron enrichment required to initiate diatom blooms in HNLC waters. Mar. Chem. 82: 101-114.