Folding of the Rustenburg layered suite adjacent to the Steelpoort pericline: Implications for syn-Bushveld tectonism in the eastern Bushveld Complex

South African Journal of Geology

Volumn 108, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 397-412

  Clarke, Brendan M ^a,b   Uken, Ron ^b   Watkeys, Mike K ^b   Reinhardt, Jürgen ^b  

^a Western Cape Regional Office   (South Africa)

^b UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU NATAL   (South Africa)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

IGNEOUS INTRUSION; LAYERED INTRUSION; TECTONIC SETTING;

AFRICA; BUSHVELD COMPLEX; EASTERN HEMISPHERE; SOUTH AFRICA; SOUTHERN AFRICA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; WORLD;

EID: 27944503540     PISSN: 10120750     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2113/108.3.397     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Buick, I.S., Maas., R. and Gibson, R. (2001). Precise U-Pb titanite age constraints on the emplacement of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa. Journal of the Geological Society of London, 158, 3-6.
2. Button, A. (1978). Diapiric structures in the Bushveld, northeastern Transvaal. Economic Geology Research Institute Information circular, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa, 123, 6pp.
3. Cameron, E.N. (1978). The Lower zone of the eastern Bushveld Complex in the Olifants River trough. Journal of Petrology, 19, 437-462.
4. Cameron, E.N. (1980). Evolution of the lower Critical zone, Central sector, eastern Bushveld Complex, and its chromite deposits. Economic Geology, 75, 845-871.
5. Cameron, E.N. (1982). The upper Critical zone of the eastern Bushveld Complex - precursor of the Merensky Reef. Economic Geology, 77, 1307-1327.
6. Cawthorn, R.G. (1998). Geometrical relations between the Transvaal Supergroup, the Rooiberg Group, and the mafic rocks of the Bushveld Complex. South African Journal of Geology, 101, 275-279.
7. Cawthorn, R.G., Cooper, G.R.J. and Webb, S.J. (1998). Connectivity between the western and eastern limbs of the Bushveld Complex. South African Journal of Geology, 101, 291-298.
8. Cheney, E.S. and Twist, D. (1991). The conformable emplacement of the Bushveld mafic rocks along a regional unconformity in the Transvaal succession of South Africa. Precambrian Research, 52, 115-132.
9. Clarke, B.M., Uken, R. and Watkeys, M.K. (2000). Intrusion mechanisms of the southwestern Rustenburg Layered suite as deduced from the Spruitfontein inlier. South African Journal of Geology, 103, 120-127.
10. Cruden, A.R. (1988). Deformation around a rising diapir modelled by creeping flow past a sphere. Tectonics, 7, 1091-1101.
11. De Waal, S.A. 1970. Interference folding of Bushveld igneous Complex age in the Transvaal System north of Marble Hall, Transvaal. Special Publication of the Geological Society of South Africa, 1, 283-298.
12. Du Plessis, A. and Kleywegt, R.J. (1987). A dipping sheet model for the mafic lobes of the Bushveld Complex. South African Journal of Geology, 90, 1-6.
13. Eales, H.V. and Cawthorn, R.G. (1996). The Bushveld Complex. In: Cawthorn, R.G. (Editor), Layered Intrusions, Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 181-230.
14. Fleuty, M.J. (1964). The description of folds. Proceedings of the Geological Association of London, 75, 461-492.
15. Geological Survey of South Africa. (1986). 2430 Pilgrims Rest, 1:250 000. Geological map series.
16. Gerya, T.V., Uken, R., Reinhardt, J., Watkeys, M.K., Maresch, B.M. and Clarke, B.M. (2003). Cold fingers in a hot magma: modelling of diapirs in the Bushveld Complex, South Africa. Geology, 31, 753-756.
17. Hartzer, F.J. (1995). Transvaal Supergroup inliers: geology, tectonic development and relationship with the Bushveld Complex, South Africa. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 21, 521-547.
18. Hattingh, P.J. (1986). The palaeomagnetism of the main zone of the Bushveld Complex. Tectonophysics, 124, 271-295.
19. Hiemstra, S.A. and van Biljon, W.J. (1959). The geology of the upper Magaliesberg Stage and the lower Bushveld Complex in the vicinity of Steelpoort. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, 62, 239-255.
20. Johnson, T.E., Gibson, R.L., Brown, M., Buick, I.S. and Cartwright, I. (2003). Partial melting of metapelitic rocks beneath the Bushveld Complex, South Africa. Journal of Petrology, 44, 789-813.
21. Johnson, T., Brown, M. Gibson, R. and Wing, B. (2004). Spinel-cordierite symplectites replacing andalusite: evidence for melt assisted diapirism in the Bushveld Complex, South Africa. Journal of Metamorpbic Geology, 22, 529-545.
22. Kattenhorn, S.A. and Watkeys, M.K. (1995). Some revelations from Karoo dolerite sills, west of Empangeni, KwaZulu-Natal. Petros, 14, 1-16.
23. Kruger, F. J. (2004). Filling the Bushveld Complex magma chamber: lateral expansion, floor interaction, magmatic unconformities, and chromitite and PGE deposits. Economic Geology Research Institute Information Circular, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa, 377, 26pp.
24. Pollard, D.D., Muller, O.H. and Dockstader, D.R. (1975). The form and growth of fingered sheet intrusions. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 86, 351-363.
25. Rochette, P., Jackson, M. and Auborg, C. 1992. Rock magnetism and the interpretation of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility. Reviews in Geophysics, 30, 209-226.
26. Schwellnus, J.S.I. (1956). The basal portion of the Bushveld Igneous Complex and the adjoining metamorphosed sediments in the northeastern Transvaal. Unpublished D.Sc. Thesis, University of Pretoria, South Africa, 207pp.
27. Scoon, R.N. (2002). A new occurrence of Merensky Reef on the flanks of the Zaaikloof dome, northeastern Bushveld Complex: Relationship between diapirism, and magma replenishment. Economic Geology, 97, 1037-1049.
28. Scoon, R.N. and Teigler, B. (1994). Platinum-Group Element Mineralization in the Critical Zone of the Western Bushveld Complex: I. Sulfide Poor-Chromitites below the UG-2. Economic Geology, 89, 1094-1121.
29. Sharpe, M.R. (1977). Sheets 2430 CA-CD, Unpublished 1:50 000 scale geological maps, Geological Survey of South Africa.
30. Sharpe, M.R. and Chadwick, B. (1982). Structures in Transvaal Sequence rocks within and adjacent to the eastern Bushveld Complex. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, 86, 29-41.
31. Sharpe, M.R. and Hulbert, L.J. (1985). Ultramafic sills beneath the eastern Bushveld Complex: mobilized suspensions of early Lower zone cumulates in a parental magma with boninitic affinities. Economic Geology, 80, 849-871.
32. Snyman, C.P. (1958). 'n Gneis, 'n Koepelstruktuur en die metamorfose van die Sisteem Transvaal suid van Marble Hall, Transvaal. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, 61, 225-262.
33. Tinney, C.B. (1991). The surface geology of the Lavino, Chrome mine on the farm Grootboom 336KT, Eastern Transvaal. Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis, Rhodes University, South Africa, 21pp.
34. Uken, R. (1999). The geology and structure of the Bushveld Complex metamorphic aureole in the Olifants River area. Unpublished PhD. Thesis, University of Natal, South Africa, 277pp.
35. Uken, R and Watkeys, M.K. (1997). Diapirism initiated by the Bushveld Complex, South Africa. Geology, 25, 723-726.
36. Uken, R. Watkeys, M. and Launeau, P. (2001). Magmatic shear zones and sheath folds within the Rustenburg Layered Suite, Bushveld Complex. Fourth International Dykes Conference, Ithala Game Reserve, South Africa. University of Natal, Durban, South Africa, 18.
37. Uken, R., Gerya, T.V., Reinhardt, J., Maresch, W., Watkeys, M.K and Clarke, B.M. (2002). Cold fingers in a hot magma: Country-rock diapirs triggered by the Bushveld Layered Intrusion, South Africa. Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 83(47), Fall Meeting Abstract T22A-1139.
38. Walraven, F., Armstrong, R.A. and Kruger, F.J. (1990). A chronostratigraphic framework for the north-central Kaapvaal craton, the Bushveld Complex and the Vredefort structure. Tectonophysics, 171, 23-48.
39. Walraven, F. (1997). Geochronology of the Rooiberg Group, Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa. Economic Geology Research Institute Information circular, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa, 316, 21pp.
40. Willemse, J. (1959). The floor of the Bushveld Igneous Complex and its relationships with special reference to the eastern Transvaal. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, 62, 21-83.