Chemotherapy for colorectal cancer - An overview of current management for surgeons

European Journal of Surgical Oncology

Volumn 31, Issue 9, 2005, Pages 932-941

  Lawes, D ^a   Taylor, I ^a  

^a ROYAL FREE AND UNIVERSITY COLLEGE MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Chemotherapy; Colorectal cancer

Indexed keywords

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; BEVACIZUMAB; CAPECITABINE; CETUXIMAB; FLUOROURACIL; FOLINIC ACID; IRINOTECAN; MITOMYCIN C; OXALIPLATIN; RALTITREXED; UFT;

ABDOMINAL CRAMP; ADVANCED CANCER; ANOREXIA; BOLUS INJECTION; CANCER ADJUVANT THERAPY; CANCER COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER STAGING; CANCER SURVIVAL; CARDIOTOXICITY; CLINICAL TRIAL; COLORECTAL CANCER; DEHYDRATION; DIARRHEA; DRUG DOSE REGIMEN; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG FATALITY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG POTENTIATION; ELECTROLYTE DISTURBANCE; FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOM; HEPATIC ARTERY; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; LIVER METASTASIS; LIVER RESECTION; NAUSEA; NEUROTOXICITY; PORTAL VEIN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SENSORY NEUROPATHY; SIDE EFFECT; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VOMITING;

ANTINEOPLASTIC COMBINED CHEMOTHERAPY PROTOCOLS; CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT; COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS; HUMANS; INFUSIONS, INTRA-ARTERIAL;

EID: 27944462224     PISSN: 07487983     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2005.03.015     Document Type: Review

References (82)

1. Advanced Colorectal Cancer Meta Analysis Project Modulation of fluorouracil by leucovorin in patients with advanced colorectal cancer: evidence in terms of response J Clin Oncol 10 1992 896-903
2. Advanced Colorectal Cancer Meta Analysis Project Meta analysis of randomized trials testing the biochemical modulation of fluorouracil by methotrexate J Clin Oncol 12 1994 960-969
3. A. de Gramont J.F. Bosset C. Milan P. Rougier O. Bouche P.L. Etienne et al. Randomized trial comparing monthly low-dose leucovorin and fluorouracil bolus with bimonthly high-dose leucovorin and fluorouracil bolus plus continuous infusion for advanced colorectal cancer: A French intergroup study J Clin Oncol 15 1997 808-815
4. E. Aranda E. Diaz-Rubio A. Cervantes A. Anton-Torres A. Carrato T. Massuti et al. Randomized trial comparing monthly low-dose leucovorin and fluorouracil bolus with weekly high-dose 48-hour continuous-infusion fluorouracil for advanced colorectal cancer: A Spanish Cooperative Group for Gastrointestinal Tumor Therapy (TTD) study Ann Oncol 9 1998 727-731
5. The Meta Analysis Group in Cancer Efficacy if intravenous continuous infusion of fluorouracil compared with bolus administration in advanced colorectal cancer J Clin Oncol 16 1998 301-308
6. Nordic Gastrointestinal Tumor Adjuvant Therapy Group Expectancy or primary chemotherapy in patients with advanced asymptomatic colorectal cancer: A randomized trial J Clin Oncol 10 1992 904-911
7. T.S. Maughan R.D. James D.J. Kerr J.A. Ledermann C. McArdle M.T. Seymour Comparison of survival, palliation, and quality of life with three chemotherapy regimens in metastatic colorectal cancer: A multicentre randomised trial Lancet 359 2002 1555-1563
8. G.J. Creemers B. Lund J. Verweij Topoisomerase I inhibitors: Topotecan and irenotecan Cancer Treat Rev 20 1994 73-96
9. J.A. Conti N.E. Kemeny L.B. Saltz Y. Huang W.P. Tong T.C. Chou et al. Irinotecan is an active agent in untreated patients with metastatic colorectal cancer J Clin Oncol 14 1996 709-715
10. L.B. Saltz J.V. Cox C. Blanke L.S. Rosen L. Fehrenbacher M.J. Moore et al. Irinotecan plus fluorouracil and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. Irinotecan Study Group N Engl J Med 343 2000 905-914
11. P. Rougier R. Bugat J.Y. Douillard S. Culine E. Suc P. Brunet et al. Phase II study of irinotecan in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer in chemotherapy-naive patients and patients pretreated with fluorouracil-based chemotherapy J Clin Oncol 15 1997 251-260
12. J.Y. Douillard D. Cunningham A.D. Roth M. Navarro R.D. James P. Karasek et al. Irinotecan combined with fluorouracil compared with fluorouracil alone as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: A multicentre randomised trial Lancet 355 2000 1041-1047
13. M.L. Rothenberg N.J. Meropol E.A. Poplin E. Van Cutsem S. Wadler Mortality associated with irinotecan plus bolus fluorouracil/leucovorin: summary findings of an independent panel J Clin Oncol 19 2001 3801-3807
14. A. de Gramont J. Vignoud C. Tournigand C. Louvet T. Andre C. Varette et al. Oxaliplatin with high-dose leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil 48-hour continuous infusion in pretreated metastatic colorectal cancer Eur J Cancer 33 1997 214-219
15. T. Andre C. Louvet E. Raymond C. Tournigand A. de Gramont Bimonthly high-dose leucovorin, 5-fluorouracil infusion and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX3) for metastatic colorectal cancer resistant to the same leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil regimen Ann Oncol 9 1998 1251-1253
16. T. Andre M.A. Bensmaine C. Louvet E. Francois V. Lucas F. Desseigne et al. Multicenter phase II study of bimonthly high-dose leucovorin, fluorouracil infusion, and oxaliplatin for metastatic colorectal cancer resistant to the same leucovorin and fluorouracil regimen J Clin Oncol 17 1999 3560-3568
17. F. Maindrault-Goebel C. Louvet T. Andre E. Carola J.P. Lotz J.L. Molitor et al. Oxaliplatin added to the simplified bimonthly leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil regimen as second-line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer (FOLFOX6). GERCOR Eur J Cancer 35 1999 1338-1342
18. F. Maindrault-Goebel A. de Gramont C. Louvet T. Andre E. Carola V. Gilles et al. Evaluation of oxaliplatin dose intensity in bimonthly leucovorin and 48-h 5-fluorouracil continuous infusion regimens (FOLFOX) in pretreated metastatic colorectal cancer. Oncology Multidisciplinary Research Group (GERCOR) Ann Oncol 11 2000 1477-1483
19. S. Giacchetti B. Perpoint R. Zidani N. Le Bail R. Faggiuolo C. Focan et al. Phase III multicenter randomized trial of oxaliplatin added to chronomodulated fluorouracil-leucovorin as first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer J Clin Oncol 18 2000 136-147
20. A. de Gramont A. Figer M. Seymour M. Homerin A. Hmissi J. Cassidy et al. Leucovorin and fluorouracil with or without oxaliplatin as first-line treatment in advanced colorectal cancer J Clin Oncol 18 2000 2938-2947
21. Y. Becouarn M. Ychou M. Ducreux C. Borel F. Bertheault-Cvitkovic J.F. Seitz et al. Phase II trial of oxaliplatin as first-line chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Digestive Group of French Federation of Cancer Centers J Clin Oncol 16 1998 2739-2744
22. J.P. Kuebler A. de Gramont Recent experience with oxaliplatin or irinotecan combined with 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin in the treatment of colorectal cancer Semin Oncol 30 2003 40-46
23. R.M. Goldberg R.F. Morton D.J. Sargent C. Fuchs R.K. Ramanathan S.K. Williamson et al. N9741: Oxaliplatin (oxal) or CPT-11+5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/leucovorin (LV) or oxal+CPT-11 in advanced colorectal cancer (CRC): Updates efficacy and quality of life data from an intergroup study [Abst 1009] Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 22 2003 252a
24. R.M. Goldberg R.F. Morton D.J. Sargent C. Fuchs R.K. Ramanathan S.K. Williamson et al. N9741: Oxaliplatin (oxal) or CPT-11+5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/leucovorin (LV) or oxal+CPT-11 in advanced colorectal cancer (CRC): Initial toxicity and response data from a GI intergroup study [Abst 511] Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 21 2002 128a
25. C. Tournigand C. Louvet E. Quinaux T. Andre G. Lledo M. Flesch et al. FOLFIRI followed by FOLFOX versus FOLFOX followed by FOLFIRI in metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC): Final results of a phase III study [Abst 494] Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 20 2001 124a
26. J. Cassidy H. Hochster Novel oxaliplatin based combinations in the treatment of colorectal cancer Colorectal Dis 5 Suppl 3 2003 1-9
27. H. Wilke Future treatment options with capecitabine in solid tumours Eur J Cancer 38 Suppl 2 2002 21-25
28. R. Pazdur J. Douillard J. Skillings Multicentre phase III study of 5 fluorouracil (5-FU) or UFT in combination with leucovorin (LV) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 18 1999 263a [Abst 1009]
29. C. Twelves Capecitabine as first-line treatment in colorectal cancer. Pooled data from two large, phase III trials Eur J Cancer 38 Suppl 2 2002 15-20
30. P.M. Hoff Practical considerations in the use of oral fluoropyrimidines Semin Oncol 30 2003 88-92
31. E. Diaz-Rubio T.R. Evans J. Tabemero J. Cassidy J. Sastre M. Eatock et al. Capecitabine (Xeloda) in combination with oxaliplatin: a phase I, dose-escalation study in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors Ann Oncol 13 2002 558-565
32. M. Zeuli E.D. Costanzo A. Sdrobolini S. Gasperoni F.P. Paoloni A. Carpi et al. Capecitabine and oxaliplatin in advanced colorectal cancer: A dose-finding study Ann Oncol 12 2001 1737-1741
33. M.M. Borner D. Dietrich R. Stupp R. Morant H. Honegger M. Wernli et al. Phase II study of capecitabine and oxaliplatin in first- and second-line treatment of advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer J Clin Oncol 20 2002 1759-1766
34. D.J. Kerr Capecitabine/irinotecan combination regimens in colorectal cancer Oncology (Huntingt) 16 2002 27-29
35. D. Cunningham J.R. Zalcberg U. Rath I. Olver E. Van Cutsem C. Svensson et al. 'Tomudex' (ZD1694): Results of a randomised trial in advanced colorectal cancer demonstrate efficacy and reduced mucositis and leucopenia. The 'Tomudex' Colorectal Cancer Study Group Eur J Cancer 31A 1995 1945-1954
36. G. Cocconi D. Cunningham E. Van Cutsem E. Francois B. Gustavsson G. van Hazel et al. Open, randomized, multicenter trial of raltitrexed versus fluorouracil plus high-dose leucovorin in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Tomudex Colorectal Cancer Study Group J Clin Oncol 16 1998 2943-2952
37. A. Zaniboni F. Meriggi A. Alghisi S. Mutti L. Distefano A. Rizzi et al. Mitomycin-C and lonidamine as second-line therapy for colorectal cancer: a phase II study Tumori 81 1995 435-437
38. J.D. Chester J.T. Dent G. Wilson E. Ride M.T. Seymour Protracted infusional 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with bolus mitomycin in 5-FU-resistant colorectal cancer Ann Oncol 11 2000 235-237
39. J.T. Hartmann L. Kanz C. Bokemeyer Phase II study of continuous 120-hour-infusion of mitomycin C as salvage chemotherapy in patients with progressive or rapidly recurrent gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma Anticancer Res 20 2000 1177-1182
40. J.F. Seitz H. Perrier M. Giovannini G. Capodano D. Bernardini V.J. Bardou 5-Fluorouracil, high-dose folinic acid and mitomycin C combination chemotherapy in previously treated patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma J Chemother 10 1998 258-265
41. W. Scheithauer G.V. Kornek S. Brugger H. Ullrich-Pur J. Valencak M. Raderer et al. Randomized phase II study of irinotecan plus mitomycin C vs. oxaliplatin plus mitomycin C in patients with advanced fluoropyrimidine/leucovorin-pretreated colorectal cancer Cancer Invest 20 2002 60-68
42. H. Hurwitz L. Fehrenbacher W. Novotny T. Cartwright J. Hainsworth W. Heim et al. Bevacizumab plus irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer N Engl J Med 350 2004 2335-2342
43. D. Cunningham Y. Humblet S. Siena D. Khayat H. Bleiberg A. Santoro et al. Cetuximab monotherapy and cetuximab plus irinotecan in irinotecan-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer N Engl J Med 351 2004 337-345
44. N. Kemeny F. Fata Arterial, portal, or systemic chemotherapy for patients with hepatic metastasis of colorectal carcinoma J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 6 1999 39-49
45. A.P. Venook Induction therapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer Semin Oncol 30 2003 25-29
46. D.J. Kerr C.S. McArdle J. Ledermann I. Taylor D.J. Sherlock P.M. Schlag et al. Intrahepatic arterial versus intravenous fluorouracil and folinic acid for colorectal cancer liver metastases: A multicentre randomised trial Lancet 361 2003 368-373
47. G. Fusai B.R. Davidson Management of colorectal liver metastases Colorectal Dis 5 2003 2-23
48. W.R. Jarnagin Y. Fong A. Ky L.H. Schwartz P.B. Paty A.M. Cohen et al. Liver resection for metastatic colorectal cancer: Assessing the risk of occult irresectable disease J Am Coll Surg 188 1999 33-42
49. H. Bismuth R. Adam F. Levi C. Farabos F. Waechter D. Castaing et al. Resection of nonresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy Ann Surg 224 1996 509-520
50. R. Adam E. Avisar A. Ariche S. Giachetti D. Azoulay D. Castaing et al. Five-year survival following hepatic resection after neoadjuvant therapy for nonresectable colorectal Ann Surg Oncol 8 2001 347-353
51. S. Giacchetti B. Perpoint R. Zidani N. Le Bail R. Faggiuolo C. Focan et al. Phase III multicenter randomized trial of oxaliplatin added to chronomodulated fluorouracil-leucovorin as first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer J Clin Oncol 18 2000 136-147
52. S. Alberts W. Horvath J.H. Donohue W. Sternfeld R.M. Goldberg M.R. Mahoney et al. Oxaliplatin, 5-FU and leucovorin for patients with liver only metastases from colorectal cancer: A North Central Cancer Treatment Group (NCCTG) Phase II study [Abst] Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol (ASCO) 20 2001 511
53. A.P. Venook Colorectal metastases confined to the liver: A unique opportunity? Semin Oncol 30 2003 34-39
54. N. Kemeny Y. Huang A.M. Cohen W. Shi J.A. Conti M.F. Brennan et al. Hepatic arterial infusion of chemotherapy after resection of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer N Engl J Med 341 1999 2039-2048
55. M. Lorenz H.H. Muller H. Schramm H.J. Gassel H.G. Rau K. Ridwelski et al. Randomized trial of surgery versus surgery followed by adjuvant hepatic arterial infusion with 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid for liver metastases of colorectal cancer. German Cooperative on Liver Metastases (Arbeitsgruppe Lebermetastasen) Ann Surg 228 1998 756-762
56. National Institiute for Clinical Excellence. www.nice.org.uk
57. M. Buyse A. Zeleniuch-Jacquotte T.C. Chalmers Adjuvant therapy of colorectal cancer. Why we still don't know JAMA 259 1988 3571-3578
58. C.G. Moertel T.R. Fleming J.S. Macdonald D.G. Haller J.A. Laurie C.M. Tangen et al. Fluorouracil plus levamisole as effective adjuvant therapy after resection of stage III colon carcinoma: A final report Ann Intern Med 122 1995 321-326
59. International Mulitcentre Pooled Analysis of Colon Cancer Trials (IMPACT) Efficacy of adjuvant fluorouracil and folinic acid in colon cancer Lancet 345 1995 939-944
60. QUASAR Collaborative Group Comparison of fluorouracil with additional levamisole, higher-dose folinic acid or both, as adjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal cancer Lancet 355 2000 1588-1596
61. N. Wolmark H. Rockette E. Mamounas J. Jones S. Wieand D.L. Wickerham et al. Clinical trial to assess the relative efficacy of fluorouracil and leucovorin, fluorouracil and levamisole, and fluorouracil, leucovorin, and levamisole in patients with Dukes' B and C carcinoma of the colon: results from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project C-04 J Clin Oncol 17 1999 3553-3559
62. P.J. Haller P.S. Catalano J.S. MacDonald R.J. Mayer Fluorouracil, leucovorin and levamisole adjuvant therapy for colon cancer: Final report of INT-0089 Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 17 1998 256a [Abst]
63. D.G. Haller P.J. Catalano J.S. MacDonald R.J. Mayer Fluorouracil (FU), leucovorin (LV) and levamisole (LEV) adjuvant therapy for colon cancer: preliminary results of INT-0089 Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 15 1996 460 [Abst]
64. J.M. O'Connell J.A. Laurie L.E. Shepherd A prospective evaluation of chemotherapy duration and regimen as surgical adjuvant treatment for high-risk colon cancer: A collaborative trial of the North Central Cancer Treatment Group and The National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 15 1996 478 [Abst]
65. International Multicentre Pooled Analysis of B2 Colon Cancer Trials (IMPACT B2) Investigators Efficacy of adjuvant fluorouracil and folinic acid in B2 colon cancer J Clin Oncol 17 1999 1356-1363
66. E. Mamounas S. Wieand N. Wolmark H.D. Bear J.N. Atkins K. Song et al. Comparative efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with Dukes' B versus Dukes' C colon cancer: Results from four National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project adjuvant studies (C-01, C-02, C-03, and C-04) J Clin Oncol 17 1999 1349-1355
67. S. Gill C.L. Loprinzi D.J. Sargent S.D. Thome S.R. Alberts D.G. Haller et al. Pooled analysis of fluorouracil-based adjuvant therapy for stage II and III colon cancer: Who benefits and by how much? J Clin Oncol 22 2004 1797-1806
68. R.G. Gray J. Barnwell R. Hills N. McConkey D. Kerr QUASAR: A randomized study of adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) vs observation including 3238 colorectal cancer patients J Clin Oncol 22 14s 2004 3501
69. M.J. O'Connell J.A. Laurie M. Kahn R.J. Fitzgibbons Jr C. Erlichman L. Shepherd et al. Prospectively randomized trial of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with high-risk colon cancer J Clin Oncol 16 1998 295-300
70. C. Schober E. Papageorgiou A. Harstrick C. Bokemeyer A. Mugge M. Stahl et al. Cardiotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil in combination with folinic acid in patients with gastrointestinal cancer Cancer 72 1993 2242-2247
71. P.L. Barratt M.T. Seymour S.P. Stenning I. Georgiades C. Walker K. Birbeck et al. DNA markers predicting benefit from adjuvant fluorouracil in patients with colon cancer: A molecular study Lancet 360 2002 1381-1391
72. C.M. Ribic D.J. Sargent M.J. Moore S.N. Thibodeau A.J. French R.M. Goldberg et al. Tumor microsatellite-instability status as a predictor of benefit from fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer N Engl J Med 349 2003 247-257
73. I. Taylor D. Machin M. Mullee G. Trotter T. Cooke C. West A randomized controlled trial of adjuvant portal vein cytotoxic perfusion in colorectal cancer Br J Surg 72 1985 359-363
74. N. Wolmark H. Rockette D.L. Wickerham B. Fisher C. Redmond E.R. Fisher et al. Adjuvant therapy of Dukes' A, B, and C adenocarcinoma of the colon with portal-vein fluorouracil hepatic infusion: Preliminary results of National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Protocol C-02 J Clin Oncol 8 1990 1466-1475
75. U. Metzger B. Mermillod P. Aeberhard F. Gloor A. Bissat R. Egeli et al. Intraportal chemotherapy in colorectal carcinoma as an adjuvant modality World J Surg 11 1987 452-458
76. Liver Infusion Meta-Analysis Group J Natl Cancer Inst 89 1997 497-505
77. R.W. Beart Jr C.G. Moertel H.S. Wieand J.E. Leigh H.E. Windschitl J.A. van Heerden et al. Adjuvant therapy for resectable colorectal carcinoma with fluorouracil administered by portal vein infusion. A study of the Mayo Clinic and the North Central Cancer Treatment Group Arch Surg 125 1990 897-901
78. P. Rougier T. Sahmoud D. Nitti D. Curran R. Doci B. De Waele et al. Adjuvant portal-vein infusion of fluorouracil and heparin in colorectal cancer: A randomised trial. European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer Cooperative Group, the Gruppo Interdisciplinare Valutazione Interventi in Oncologia, and the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research Lancet 351 1998 1677-1681
79. The AXIS collaborators Randomised clinical trial of adjuvant radiotherapy and 5-fluorouracil infusion in colorectal cancer (AXIS) Br J Surg 90 10 2003 1200-1213
80. T. Andre C. Boni L. Mounedji-Boudiaf M. Navarro J. Tabernero T. Hickish et al. Oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin as adjuvant treatment for colon cancer N Engl J Med 350 2004 2343-2351
81. Y. Wang T. Jatkoe Y. Zhang M.G. Mutch D. Talantov J. Jiang et al. Gene expression profiles and molecular markers to predict recurrence of Dukes' B colon cancer J Clin Oncol 22 2004 1564-1571
82. A.B. Benson III P.J. Catalano A rose, is a rose, is a rose...or not J Clin Oncol 22 2004 1773-1775