Bound to cooperate? Transatlantic policy in the Middle East

Washington Quarterly

Volumn 27, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 179-195

  Kaye, Dalia Dassa ^a,b  

^a GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Ministry of Foreign Affairs Netherlands   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 27944445850     PISSN: 0163660X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1162/016366003322596990     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. For examples of transatlantic differences in Middle East policy up until the 1990s, see Robert D. Blackwill and Michael Sturmer, eds., Allies Divided: Transatlantic Policies for the Greater Middle East (Boston: MIT Press, 1997);
2. Philip Gordon, The Transatlantic Allies and the Changing Middle East (London: Oxford University Press, 1998);
3. Richard N. Haass, ed., Transatlantic Tensions (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 1999);
4. Volker Perthes, "The Advantages of Complementarity: U.S. and European Policies Toward the Middle East Peace Process," International Spectator 35, no. 2 (April-June 2000): 41-56;
5. Phebe Marr, "The United States, Europe, and the Middle East: An Uneasy Triangle," Middle East Journal 48, no. 2 (spring 1994): 211-225;
6. Rosemary Hollis, "Europe and the Middle East: Power by Stealth?" International Affairs 73, no. 1 (January 1997): 15-29.
7. Timothy Garton Ash, "Anti-Europeanism in America," New York Review of Books, February 13, 2003.
8. See Andrew Moravcsik, "Striking a New Transatlantic Bargain," Foreign Affairs 82, no. 4 (July/August 2003): 74-89.
9. For an influential view of a pessimist, see Robert Kagan, Of Paradise and Power: America and Europe in the New World Order (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2003).
10. For a European analysis of the terrorist and proliferation threat, see Harald Müller, "Terrorism, Proliferation: A European Threat Assessment," Chaillot Papers no. 58 (Institute for Security Studies, March 2003), http://aei.pitt.edu/archive/00000520/01/ chai58e.pdf (accessed October 14, 2003).
11. For the EU statement on WMD, see "Presidency Conclusions: Thessaloniki European Council, 19 and 20 June 2003," annex II ("Declaration on Non Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction"), http://ue.eu.int/pressData/en/ec/76279.pdf (accessed October 14, 2003).
12. See General Affairs and External Relations, 2518th Council Meeting, External Relations, Luxembourg, June 16, 2003, located at http://ue.eu.int/newsroom/NewMain.asp?LANG=1 (accessed October 9, 2003). Similar statements on Iran were issued at subsequent External Relations meetings in Brussels on July 21, 2003, and in Brussels on September 29, 2003. Ibid.
13. See Ronald D. Asmus and Kenneth M. Pollack, "The New Transatlantic Project," Policy Review no. 115 (October/November 2002), www.policyreview.org/OCT02/asmus_print.html (accessed February 10, 2003).
14. See Dana H. Allin and Steven Simon, "The Moral Psychology of U.S. Support for Israel," Survival 45, no. 3 (autumn 2003): 123-144.
15. R Kagan, Of Paradise and Power, pp. 61-62, n. 46.
16. On the concept of strategic culture and an interesting application, see Alastair Iain Johnston, "Cultural Realism and Strategy in Maoist China," in The Culture of National Security, ed. Peter J. Katzenstein (New York: Columbia University Press, 1996).
17. See Transatlantic Trends 2003: Topline Data (July 2003), p. 28, www.transatlantictrends.org/apps/gmf/ttweb.nsf/0/ DA5A3225751A264585256D78000D5F66/$file/ Transatlantic+Trends+Survey+Results+2003.pdf (accessed October 14, 2003) (project of the German Marshall Fund of the United States and the Compagnia di San Paolo). When asked whether the war in Iraq was worth the loss of life and other costs incurred, 55 percent of Americans and 25 percent of Europeans responded affirmatively. Seventy percent of Europeans disagreed while only 36 percent of Americans responded negatively.
18. Allin and Simon, "Moral Psychology of U.S. Support for Israel," p. 135.
19. Transatlantic Trends 2003.
20. See "American and European Public Opinion & Foreign Policy," Worldviews 2002, p. 9 fig. 1-2, www.worldviews.org/detailreports/compreport.pdf (accessed October 14, 2003).
21. See H. Müller, "Terrorism, Proliferation," p. 97.
22. Transatlantic Trends 2003, p. 21.
23. Ibid., pp. 33-36.
24. For an analysis of international efforts to address Iran's nuclear program, see Patrick Clawson, "Gaining Support for Action on Iran's Nuclear Program," Policywatch no. 784, August 27, 2003, www.washingtoninstitute.org/watch/Policywatch/policywatch2003/784.htm (accessed October 14, 2003),
25. and International Crisis Group, "Dealing with Iran's Nuclear Program," Middle East Report no. 18, Amman/Brussels, October 27, 2003, www.alertnet.org/thenews/fromthefield/106727645616.htm (accessed October 29, 2003).
26. Transatlantic Trends 2003, p. 9.