Syria after Lebanon: Hooked on Lebanon

Middle East Quarterly

Volumn 12, Issue 4, 2005, Pages

  Gambill, Gary C ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 27844465894     PISSN: 10739467     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (44)

1. William Harris, "Bashar al-Assad's Lebanese Gamble," Middle East Quarterly, Summer 2005, pp. 33-44.
2. "One of Hariri's Legacies-A Massive Debt for Lebanon," Inter Press Service, Mar. 10, 2005.
3. All figures are for 2003. For Saudi oil revenue, see "Saudi Arabia Country Analysis Briefs," U. S. Department of Energy, Jan. 2005;
4. for Syrian and Saudi GDP, World Development Indicators Database, The World Bank, Washington, D.C., accessed July 12, 2005.
5. International Narcotics Control Strategy Report (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of State, Bureau of International Narcotics Matters, 1992), p. 50.
6. Associated Press, Nov. 28, 1985.
7. Associated Press, June 29, 1990.
8. "Syria, President Bush, and Drugs-The Administration's Next Iraqgate," Subcommittee Staff Report, House Judiciary Committee's Subcommittee on Crime and Criminal Justice, Oct. 28, 1992;
9. see also, The Wall Street Journal, Nov. 23, 1992.
10. Syrian revenue from the drug trade was estimated at $500 million in U.S. News & World Report, May 4, 1987.
11. Reuven Erlich, "Terror and Crime in Lebanon: Removal of Syria and Lebanon from the U.S. Department List of Countries Selling Drugs," International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism, Apr. 25, 1998;
12. Agence France-Presse, Feb. 26, 2002.
13. Associated Press, Nov. 12, 1997.
14. Ziad K. Abdelnour, "The Revival of Lebanon's Drug Trade," Middle East Intelligence Bulletin, June 2001.
15. Agence France-Presse, June 19, 2001.
16. Associated Press, July 2, 1992.
17. U.S. News & World Report, Apr. 4, 2005.
18. United Press International, Sept. 30, 1993;
19. The Washington Post, Mar. 6, 1994.
20. Gary C. Gambill and Ziad K. Abdelnour, "The Al-Madina Bank Scandal," Middle East Intelligence Bulletin, Jan. 2004.
21. U.S. News & World Report, Apr. 4, 2005;
22. U.S. News & World Report, 2005 ibid.
23. Financial Times, Mar. 22, 2005.
24. Agence France-Presse, Sept. 22, 2003, Jan. 16, 2004;
25. Avi Jorisch, "AI-Manar: Hizbullah TV. 24/7." Middle East Quarterly, Winter 2004, p. 21.
26. Newsday, Mar. 7, 2005.
27. The Daily Star (Beirut), Jan. 27, 2001.
28. The Daily Star 2001 Ibid.
29. Agence France-Presse, Aug. 15, 2003.
30. Ibid.
31. Numerous author interviews with Lebanese officials and activists.
32. The Daily Star, Aug. 17, 2002.
33. The Associated Press, Nov. 25, 1994.
34. For the lower estimate see, Financial Times, Mar. 22, 2005;
35. for the higher estimate see, The Christian Science Monitor, Apr. 8, 2005.
36. An-Nahar, July 24, 1995,
37. cited in Habib Malik, Between Damascus and Jerusalem: Lebanon and the Middle East (Washington: Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 1997), p. 41.
38. Agence France-Presse, Apr. 20, 2005.
39. The Daily Star, Nov. 16, 2000.
40. The Daily Star, Oct. 19, 2002.
41. The Daily Star, June 19, 2003.
42. The Daily Star, Oct. 18, 2003;
43. As-Safir (Beirut), May 31, 1999.
44. The Daily Star, Sept. 15, 2003.