Being gay

Government and Opposition

Volumn 40, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 90-109

  Stychin, Carl F ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 27744492172     PISSN: 0017257X     EISSN: 14777053     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1477-7053.2005.00144.x     Document Type: Review

References (70)

1. Jeffrey Weeks, Making Sexual History, Cambridge, Polity, 2000, p. 214.
2. Cindy Patton, 'Tremble, Hetero Swinel', in Michael Warner (ed.), Fear of a Queer Planet, Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1993, pp. 173-4.
3. Joshua Gamson, 'Must Identity Movements Self-Destruct?: A Queer Dilemma', reprinted in Steven Seidman (ed.), Queer Theory/Sociology, Cambridge, MA, Blackwell, 1996, p. 396.
4. The growth of radical lesbian feminism in this period is an obvious exception to my claim that rights-based, multicultural models dominated the era.
5. Lawrence Knopp, 'Sexuality and Urban Space: Gay Male Identity Politics in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia', in Ruth Fletcher and Jane M. Jacobs (eds), Cities of Difference, New York, Guilford Press, 1998, p. 149.
6. Gamson, 'Must Identity Movements Self-Destruct?', Cities of Difference, op. cit., p. 396.
7. Steven Epstein, 'Gay and Lesbian Movements in the United States', in Barry D. Adam, Jan Willem Duyvendak and André Krouwel (eds), The Global Emergence of Gay and Lesbian Politics, Philadelphia, Temple University Press, 1999, p. 61.
8. See especially Judith Butler, Gender Trouble, New York, Routledge, 1990.
9. Gamson, 'Must Identity Movements Self-Destruct?', Gender Trouble, op. cit., p. 396.
10. Morris B. Kaplan, Sexual Justice: Democratic Citizenship and the Politics of Desire, New York, Routledge, 1997, p. 71.
11. Gamson, 'Must Identity Movements Self-Destruct?', Sexual Justice: Democratic Citizenship and the Politics of Desire, op. cit., p. 404.
12. This American conception of queerness bears close relation to much French gay theory; a good example of which is the work of Guy Hocquenghem, for whom 'the homosexual movement is assigned a mission of radical destabilization: it challenges both those forms of civilization that are founded on "normal" sexuality and whatever forces of repression guarantee that sexuality's normality': Didier Eribon, 'Michel Foucault's Histories of Sexuality', (trans. by Michael Lucey), GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, 7: 1 (2001), p. 64.
13. See Eve Sedgwick, Epistemology of the Closet, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1990.
14. See Janet E. Halley, The Politics of the Closet: Towards Equal Protection for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual Identity', in Jonathan Goldberg (ed.), Reclaiming Sodom, New York, Routledge, 1994, p. 145;
15. Carl F. Stychin, 'To Take Him "At His Word": Theorizing Law, Sexuality and the US Military Exclusion Policy', Social and Legal Studies, 5: 2 (1996), p. 179.
16. Steven Seidman, 'Identity and Politics in a "Postmodern" Gay Culture: Some Historical and Conceptual Notes', in Warner, Fear of a Queer Planet, op. cit., p. 133.
17. David M. Halperin, 'Gay Identity After Foucault', in Lucille Cairns (ed.), Gay and Lesbian Cultures in France, Bern, Peter Lang, 2002, p. 18.
18. Bill Marshall, Guy Hocquenghem: Beyond Gay Identity, Durham, NC, Duke University Press, 1997, p. 38.
19. Patton, 'Tremble, Hetero Swinel', Guy Hocquenghem: Beyond Gay Identity, op. cit., p. 162.
20. Epstein, 'Gay and Lesbian Movements in the United States', Guy Hocquenghem: Beyond Gay Identity, op. cit., p. 62.
21. See also Mary Bernstein, 'Celebration and Suppression: The Strategic Uses of Identity by the Lesbian and Gay Movement', American Journal of Sociology, 103: 3 (1997), p. 536: 'some sort of identity is necessary to translate individual to group interests and individual to collective action'.
22. Epstein, 'Gay and Lesbian Movements in the United States', American Journal of Sociology, op. cit., p. 62.
23. See also Ralph R. Smith and Russel R. Windes, 'Identity in Political Context: Lesbian/Gay Representation in the Public Sphere', Journal of Homosexuality, 37: 2 (1999), p. 25.
24. William B. Turner, A Genealogy of Queer Theory, Philadelphia, Temple University Press, 2000, p. 34.
25. Gamson, 'Must Identity Movements Self-Destruct?', A Genealogy of Queer Theory, op. cit., p. 409.
26. Max H. Kirsch, Queer Theory and Social Change, London, Routledge, 2002, pp. 97-8.
27. Mornin Rahman, Sexuality and Democracy, Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 2000, p. 117.
28. Simon Watney, Imagine Hope: AIDS and Gay Identity, London, Routledge, 2000, p. 252.
29. Simon Watney, Imagine Hope: AIDS and Gay Identity, Ibid., p. 254.
30. Kirsch, Queer Theory and Social Change, op. cit., p. 99.
31. Marshall, Guy Hocquenghem, op. cit., p. 40.
32. Steven Seidman, Beyond the Closet: The Transformation of Gay and Lesbian Life, New York, Routledge, 2002, p. 17.
33. See also David Bell and Jon Binnie, The Sexual Citizen: Queer Politics and Beyond, Cambridge, Polity, 2000, p. 61, wherein the authors distinguish between the social constitution of the 'good' and 'bad' homosexual on the basis of the 'narrow bounds of normalcy'.
34. Gamson, 'Must Identity Movements Self-Destruct?', The Sexual Citizen: Queer Politics and Beyond, op. cit., p. 410.
35. Relatedly, Jeffrey Weeks, Making Sexual History, op. cit., p. 190, refers to the need to 'embrace two distinct political moments', namely, 'the moment of transgression' and the 'moment of citizenship'.
36. Michael Warner, The Trouble with Normal, New York, The Free Press, 1999, p. 31.
37. Bell and Binnie, The Sexual Citizen, op. cit., p. 74.
38. Murray Pratt, 'Post-Queer and Beyond the PaCS: Contextualising French Responses to the Civil Solidarity Pact', in Kate Chedgzoy, Emma Francis and Murray Pratt (eds), In a Queer Place: Sexuality and Belonging in British and European Contexts, Aldershot, Ashgate, 2002, p. 178.
39. Steve Valocchi, The Class-Inflected Nature of Gay Identity', Social Problems, 46 (1999), p. 220.
40. Kirsch, Queer Theory and Social Change, op. cit., p. 78.
41. Valocchi, 'The Class-Inflected Nature of Gay Identity', Queer Theory and Social Change, op. cit., p. 220. The American television series, Queer Eye for the Straight Guy (and its British remake) provide a popular cultural example of this phenomenon.
42. Barry D. Adam, Jan Willem Duyvendak and André Krouwel, 'Gay and Lesbian Movements Beyond Borders?', in Barry D. Adam, Jan Willem Duyvendak and André Krouwel, The Global Emergence of Gay and Lesbian Politics, Philadelphia, Temple University Press, 1999, p. 354.
43. Barry D. Adam, Jan Willem Duyvendak and André Krouwel, 'Gay and Lesbian Movements Beyond Borders?', in Barry D. Adam, Jan Willem Duyvendak and André Krouwel, The Global Emergence of Gay and Lesbian Politics, Philadelphia, Temple University Press, 1999, p. 354, Ibid.
44. Kirsch, Queer Theory and Social Change, op. cit., p. 78.
45. See also Dennis Altman, 'Rupture or Continuity?: The Internationalization of Gay Identities', in John C. Hawley (ed.), Postcolonial Queer, Albany, NY, SUNY Press, p. 31: 'what seems universal - even something as specific as a homosexual bathhouse or a disco - will be changed and mediated through the individual culture and political economy of each society'.
46. Adam, Duyvendak and Krouwel, 'Gay and Lesbian Movements Beyond Borders?', Postcolonial Queer, op. cit., pp. 351-5.
47. Dennis Altman, 'Global Gaze/Global Gays', in Mark Blasius (ed.), Sexual Identities Queer Politics, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2001, p. 113.
48. See Jon Binnie, The Globalization of Sexuality, London, Sage Publications, 2004, ch. 6.
49. See Carl F. Stychin, A Nation by Rights, Philadelphia, Temple University Press, 1998.
50. Weeks, Making Sexual History, op. cit., p. 213.
51. See Carl F. Stychin, Law's Desire: Sexuality and the Limits of Justice, London, Routledge, 1995, ch. 2.
52. Henning Bech (trans. by Teresa Mesquit and Tim Davies), When Men Meet: Homo-sexuality and Modernity, Cambridge, Polity, 1997, p. 195.
53. Bell and Binnie, The Sexual Citizen, op. cit., p. 133.
54. Mark Blasius, 'An Ethos of Lesbian and Gay Existence', in Mark Blasius (ed.), Sexual Identities Queer Politics, op. cit., p. 155.
55. David Halperin, Saint = Foucault: Towards a Gay Hagiography, New York, Oxford University Press, 1995, p. 122. In fact, the editor of this present series of articles has described identity more generally 'as a process rather than an essence'; 'that each form of "being" is at one and the same time a process of "becoming"':
56. Richard Bellamy, 'Identity Politics, Introduction to a New Series', Government and Opposition, 37: 3 (2002), p. 299.
57. Frédéric Martel, trans, by Jane Marie Todd), The Pink and the Black: Homosexuals in France since 1968, Stanford, CA, Stanford University Press, 1999, p. 359.
58. Halperin, 'Gay Identity After Foucault', The Pink and the Black: Homosexuals in France since 1968, op. cit., p. 21.
59. For a very nuanced analysis that the politics of same-sex marriage are ambiguous ill the context of wider social relations, see Davina Cooper, 'Like Counting Stars?: Re-Structuring Equality and the Socio-Legal Space of Same-Sex Marriage', in Robert Wintemute and Mads Adendas (eds), Legal Recognition of Same-Sex Partnerships, Oxford, Hart Publishing, 2001, p. 75.
60. Anthony Giddeus, The Transformation of Intimacy, Cambridge, Polity, 1992.
61. Weeks, Making Sexual History, op. cit., p. 240.
62. See also Blasius, 'An Ethos of Lesbian and Gay Existence', Making Sexual History, op. cit., p. 150, who emphasizes the idea of choice as central to the forging of a gay ethos: 'to construct a life by choosing among alternative conducts, values and aspirations, to understand one's own life in terms of the out-comes of such choices, and to account for one's life in terms of the reasons for one's choices'.
63. Bech, When Men Meet, op. cit., p. 196.
64. Karin Lützen, 'Gay and Lesbian Politics: Assimilation or Subversion: A Danish Perspective', Journal of Homosexuality, 35 (1998), p. 239.
65. Eribon, 'Michel Foucault's Histories of Sexuality', Journal of Homosexuality, op. cit., p. 72.
66. Eribon, Journal of Homosexuality, Ibid., p. 73.
67. See Blasius, 'An Ethos of Lesbian and Gay Existence', Journal of Homosexuality, op. cit., p. 164;
68. Bell and Binnie, The Sexual Citizen, op. cit., pp. 133-4.
69. Bellamy, 'Identity Politics, Introduction to a New Series', The Sexual Citizen, op. cit., p. 297.
70. Linnell Secomb, 'Fractured Community', Hypatia, 15: 2 (2000), p. 147.