The development of group stereotypes from descriptions of group members: An individual difference approach

Group Processes and Intergroup Relations

Volumn 8, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 429-445

  Clow, Kimberley A ^a   Esses, Victoria M ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ONTARIO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO   (Canada)

Author keywords

Need for Closure; Personal Fear of Invalidity; Personal Need for Structure; Stereotype development; Stereotypes

Indexed keywords

EID: 27644539864     PISSN: 13684302     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1368430205056469     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Chaiken, S., Liberman, A., & Eagly, A. H. (1989). Heuristic and systematic information processing within and beyond the persuasion context. In J. S. Uleman & J. A. Bargh (Eds.), Unintended thought (pp. 212-252). New York: Guilford.
2. Dijksterhuis, A., & van Knippenberg, A. (1999). On the parameters of associative strength: Central tendency and variability as determinants of stereotype accessibility. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 527-536.
3. Esses, V. M., Haddock, G., & Zanna, M. P. (1993). Values, stereotypes, and emotions as determinants of intergroup attitudes. In D. M. Mackie & D. L. Hamilton (Eds.), Affect, cognition, and stereotyping. Interactive processes in group perception (pp. 137-166). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
4. Fiske, S. T., & Neuberg, S. L. (1990). A continuum of impression formation, from category-based to individuating processes: Influences of information and motivation on attention and interpretation. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 23, pp. 1-74). New York: Academic Press.
5. Hamilton, D. L., & Trolier, T. K. (1986). Stereotypes and stereotyping: An overview of the cognitive approach. In J. F. Dovidio & S. L. Gaertner (Eds.), Prejudice, discrimination, and racism (pp. 127-163). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
6. Johnston, L. C., & Macrae, C. N. (1994). Changing social stereotypes: The case of the information seeker. European Journal of Social Psychology, 24, 581-592.
7. Kruglanski, A. W. (1989). Lay epistemics and human knowledge: Cognitive and motivational bases. New York: Plenum.
8. Kruglanski, A. W., Atash, M. N., DeGrada, E., Mannetti, L., Webster, D. M., & Pierro, A. (1997). Psychological theory testing versus psychometric nay-saying: Comment on Neuberg et al.'s (1997) critique of the need for closure scale. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 1005-1016.
9. Macrae, C. N., Milne, A. B., & Bodenhausen, G. V. (1994). Stereotypes as energy-saving devices: A peek inside the cognitive toolbox. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 37-47.
10. McConnell, A. R., Sherman, S. J., & Hamilton, D. L. (1997). Target entitativity: Implications for information processing about individual and group targets. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 750-762.
11. Meiser, T., & Hewstone, M. (2001). Crossed categorization effects on the formation of illusory correlations. European Journal of Social Psychology, 31, 443-466.
12. Moskowitz, G. B. (1993). Individual differences in social categorization: The influence of personal need for structure on spontaneous trait inferences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 132-142.
13. Neuberg, S. L., Judice, T. N., & West, S. G. (1997). What the need for closure scale measures and what it does not: Toward differentiating among related epistemic motives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 1396-1412.
14. Neuberg, S. L., & Newsom, J. T. (1993). Personal need for structure: Individual differences in the desire for simple structure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 113-131.
15. Neuberg, S. L., West, S. G., Judice, T. N., & Thompson, M. M. (1997). On dimensionality, discriminant validity; and the role of psychometric analyses in personality theory and measurement: Reply to Kruglanski et al.'s (1997) defense of the need for closure scale. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 1017-1029.
16. Ryan, C. S., & Bogart, L. M. (1997). Development of new group members' in-group and out-group stereotypes: Changes in perceived variability and ethnocentrism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 719-732.
17. Ryan, C. S., Bogart, L. M., & Vender, J. P. (2000). Effects of perceived group variability on the gathering of information about individual group members. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 36, 90-101.
18. Schaller, M., Boyd, C., Yohannes, H., & O'Brien, M. (1995). The prejudiced personality revisited: Personal need for structure and formation of erroneous group stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 544-555.
19. Sherman, J. W. (2001). The dynamic relationship between stereotype efficiency and mental representation. In G. B. Moskowitz (Ed.), Cognitive social psychology: The Princeton symposium on the legacy and future of social cognition (pp. 177-190). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaurn.
20. Siess, T. F., &Jackson, D. N. (1970). Vocational interests and personality: An empirical integration. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 17, 27-35.
21. Stroessner, S. J., & Plaks, J. E. (2001). Illusory correlation and stereotype formation: Tracing the arc of research over a quarter century. In G. B. Moskowitz (Ed.), Cognitive social psychology: The Princeton symposium on the legacy and future of social cognition (pp. 247-259). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
22. Thompson, M. M., Naccarato, M. E., & Parker, K. E. (1989, May). Assessing cognitive need: The development of the Personal Need for Structure and Personal Fear of Invalidity Scales. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Canadian Psychological Association, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
23. Trope, Y., & Thompson, E. P. (1997). Looking for the truth in all the wrong places? Asymmetric search of individuating information about stereotyped group members. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 229-241.
24. Webster, D. M., & Kruglanski, A. W. (1994). Individual differences in need for cognitive closure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 1049-1062.