High-toughness silicon carbide as armor

Journal of the American Ceramic Society

Volumn 88, Issue 8, 2005, Pages 2217-2226

  Flinders, Marc ^a   Ray, Darin ^a   Anderson, Angela ^a   Cutler, Raymond A ^a  

^a CERAMATEC INC   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

INTERGRANULAR FRACTURE; LIQUID PHASE; SINGLE-EDGE PRECRACKED BEAM (SEPB); WEIBULL MODULUS;

ADDITIVES; ALUMINUM COMPOUNDS; COBALT; DENSIFICATION; FRACTURE; HARDNESS; HOT PRESSING; TOUGHNESS; TUNGSTEN CARBIDE;

SILICON CARBIDE;

EID: 27644486298     PISSN: 00027820     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00415.x     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. S. Prochazka, "Sintering of Silicon Carbide"; pp. 239-52 in Proceedings of the Conference on Ceramics for High Performance Applications, Hyannis, Massachusetts, 1973, Edited by J. E. Burke, A. E. Gorum and R. N. Katz. Brook Hill Publ. Co., 1975.
2. ASTM C 1421-99, "Standard Test Methods for Determination of Fracture Toughness of Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperature"; pp. 641-72 in 1999 Annual Book of Standards. ASTM, Philadelphia, PA, 1999.
3. W. A. Gooch Jr., "An Overview of Ceramic Armor Applications," Ceram. Trans., 134, 3-21 (2002).
4. R. A. Alliegro, L. B. Coffin, and J. R. Tinklepaugh, "Pressure- Sintered Silicon Carbide," J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 39 [11] 386-9 (1956).
5. W. Böcker, H. Landfermann, and H. Hausner, "Sintering of Alpha Silicon Carbide with Additions of Aluminum," Powder Met., 11, 83-5 (1979).
6. K. A. Schwetz and A. Lipp, "The Effect of Boron and Aluminum Sintering Additives on the Properties of Dense Sintered Alpha Silicon Carbide," Sci. Ceram., 10, 149-58 (1980).
7. 4C System at 1800°C," Yogyo Kyokai Shi, 88 [6] 353-5 (1980).
8. B.-W. Lin, M. Imai, T. Yano, and T. Iseki, "Hot Pressing of β-SiC with Al-B-C Additives," J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 69 [4] C67-8 (1986).
9. J. J. Cao, W. J. MoberlyChan, L. C. DeJonghe, C. J. Gilbert, and R. O. Ritchie, "In Situ Toughened Silicon Carbide with Al-B-C Additions," J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 79 [2] 461-9 (1996).
10. X. F. Zhang, Q. Yang, and L. C. DeJonghe, "Microstructure Development in Hot-Pressed Silicon Carbide: Effects of Aluminum, Boron, and Carbon Additives," Acta Mater., 51, 3849-60 (2003).
11. 2 and C Additives," J. Mater. Res., 14 [2] 518-22 (1999).
12. D. Ray, M. Flinders, A. Anderson, and R. A. Cutler, "Hardness/ Toughness Relationship for SiC Armor," Ceram. Sci. Eng. Proc., 24, 401-10 (2003).
13. M. Flinders, D. Ray, and R. A. Cutler, "Toughness-Hardness Trade-Off in Advanced SiC Armor," Ceram. Trans., 151, 37-48 (2003).
14. K. Suzuki, "Pressureless Sintering of Silicon Carbide with Addition of Aluminum Oxide," Asahi Gurasu Kenkyu Hokoku, 36 [1] 25-36 (1986).
15. R. A. Cutler and T. B. Jackson, "Liquid Phase Sintered Silicon Carbide"; pp. 309-18 in Third International Symposium on Ceramic Materials and Components for Engines, Edited by V. J. Tennery. American Ceramic Society, Westerville, OH, 1989.
16. K. Y. Chia and S. K. Lau, "High-Toughness Silicon Carbide," Ceram. Eng. Sci. Proc., 12, 1845-61 (1991).
17. N. P. Padture, "In Situ-Toughened Silicon Carbide," J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 77 [2] 519-23 (1994).
18. K. A. Schwetz, H. Werheit, and E. Nold, "Sintered and Monocrystalline Black and Green Silicon Carbide-Chemical Compositions and Optical Properties," cfi/Ber. DKG, 80 [12] E37-44 (2003).
19. K. A. Schwetz, T. Kempf, D. Saldsieder, and R. Telle, "Toughness and Hardness of LPS-SiC and LPS-SiC Based Compositions," Ceram. Sci. Eng. Proc., 25 (2004).
20. J. C. LaSalvia, "A Physically-Based Model for the Effect of Mierostructure and Mechanical Properties on Ballistic Performance," Ceram. Sci. Eng. Proc., 23 [3] 213-20 (2002),
21. A. Ezis "Monolithic, Fully Dense Silicon Carbide Material, Method of Manufacturing, and End Uses"; U.S. Patent 5,372,978, December 13, 1994.
22. H. M. Rielveld, "A Profile Refinement Method in Neutron and Magnetic Structures," J. Appl. Crystallogr., 2, 65-71 (1969).
23. D. L. Bish and S. A. Howard, "Quantitative Phase Analysis Using the Rietveld Method," J. Appl. Crystallogr., 21, 86-91 (1988).
24. A. L. Ortiz, F. L. Cumbrera, F. Sanchez-Bajo, F. Guiberteau, H. Xu, and N. P. Padture, "Quantitative Phase-Composition Analysis of Liquid-Phase-Sinlered Silicon Carbide Using the Rietveld Method," J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 83 [9] 2283-6 (2000).
25. E. E. Underwood, Quantitative Stereoiogy. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1970.
26. T. J. Moynihan, S. C. Chou, and A. L. Mihalcin. Application of the Deplh-of-Penetration Test Methodology to Characterize Ceramics for Personnel Protection, ARL-TR-2219, April 2000.
27. T. M. Lillo, H. S. Chu, D. W. Bailey, W. M. Harrison, and D. A. Laughton, "Development of a Pressureless Sintered Silicon Carbide Monolith and Special-Shaped Silicon Carbide Whisker-Reinforced Silicon Carbide Matrix Composite for Lightweight Armor Applications," Ceram. Eng. Sci. Proc., 24 [3] 359-64 (2003).
28. Y. Tajima and W. D. Kingery, "Solid Solubility of Aluminum and Boron in Silicon Carbide," J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 65 [2] C-27-9 (1982).
29. 7," J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 19, 1045-6 (2000).
30. S. S. Shinozaki, R. M. Williams, B. N. Jutcrbock, W. T. Donion, J. Hangas, and C. R. Peters, "Microstructural Developments in Pressureless-Sintered-SiC Materials with Al, B, and C Additions," Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull., 64 [10] 1390-3 (1985).
31. J. J. Swab, "Recommendations for Determining the Hardness of Armor Ceramics," Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol., 1 [3] 219-25 (2004).
32. H. Tanaka and S. Iyi, "Polytypes, Grain Growth, and Fracture Toughness of Metal Boride Paniculate SiC Composites," J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 78 [5] 1223-9 (1995).
33. X. F. Zhang, M. E. Sixta, and L. C. De Jonghe, "Grain Boundary Evolution in Hot-Pressed ABC-SiC," J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 83 [11] 2813-20 (2000).
34. 3 Additions on the Phase Relationships and Morphology of SiC. Part I: Compositions and Properties," J. Mater. Sci., 34, 5605-12 (1999).
35. 3 Additions on the Phase Relationships and Morphology of SiC. Part II: Microstructural Observations," J. Mater. Sci., 34, 5613-21 (1999).
36. C. J. Gilbert, J. J. Cao, L. C. De Jonghe, and R. O. Ritchie, "Crack Growth Resistance Curve Behavior in Silicon Carbide: Small Versus Long Cracks," J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 80 [9] 2253-61 (1997).
37. R. A. Cutler, K. M. Rigtrup, and A. V. Virkar, "Synthesis, Sintering, Micro-structure, and Mechanical Properties of Ceramics Made by Exothermic Reactions," J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 75 [1] 36-43 (1992).
38. A. Vorster, D. McIachlan, G. Suti, and M. Herrmann, "Densification, Microstructure and Properties of Liquid-Phase Sintered Silicon Carbide," Key Eng. Mater., 264-268, 957-60 (2004).
39. 12) Melt," J. Cryst. Growth, 128 [1-4] 1006-10 (1993).
40. J. K. Weber, J. J. Felton, B. Cho, and P. C. Nordine, "Glass Fibers of Pure and Erbium- or Neodymium-Doped Yttria-Alumina Compositions," Nature, 393 [6687] 769-71 (1998).
41. J. W. McCauley, A. Crowson, W. A. Gooch Jr., A. M. Rajendran, S.J Bless, K. V. Logan, M. Normandia, and S. Wax (Eds.), "Ceramic Armor Materials by Design," Ceram. Trans., 134 (2002).
42. C. Kaufmann, D. Cronin, M. Worswick, G. Pageau, and A. Beth, "Influence of Material Properties on the Ballistic Performance of Ceramics for Personal Body Armour," Shock Vibrat., 10, 51-8 (2003).
43. 3 Armor Ceramics Design, Manufacture, and Ballistic Performance," Ceram. Trans., 134, 463-71 (2002).
44. M. J. Normandia, "Impact Response and Analysis of Several Silicon Carbides," Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol., 1 [3] 226-34 (2004).
45. S. R. Skaggs, "A Brief History of Ceramic Armor Development," Ceram. Sci. Eng. Proc., 24 [3] 337-49 (2003).