Association of common CRP gene variants with CRP levels and cardiovascular events

Annals of Human Genetics

Volumn 69, Issue 6, 2005, Pages 623-638

  Miller, D T ^a,b   Zee, R Y L ^a,b   Danik, J Suk ^a,b   Kozlowski, P ^a,b   Chasman, D I ^a,b   Lazarus, R ^a   Cook, N R ^a,b   Ridker, P M ^a,b   Kwiatkowski, David J ^a,b  

^a BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

Association study; Atherosclerosis; C reactive protein; CRP; Haplotype analysis; Myocardial infarction

Indexed keywords

ALANINE; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; CYSTEINE; GLYCINE; PRAVASTATIN; THREONINE;

3' UNTRANSLATED REGION; ADULT; ALLELE; AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ARTICLE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CASE CONTROL STUDY; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DNA FLANKING REGION; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; FEMALE; GENE INTERACTION; GENETIC MARKER; HAPLOTYPE; HEART INFARCTION; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; PROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; PROTEIN VARIANT; RISK REDUCTION; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; THROMBOSIS;

ATHEROSCLEROSIS; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; COHORT STUDIES; FEMALE; GENOTYPE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS; WOMEN'S HEALTH;

EID: 27644463590     PISSN: 00034800     EISSN: 14691809     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00210.x     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Albert, M. A., Staggers, J., Chew, P. & Ridker, P. M. (2001) The pravastatin inflammation CRP evaluation (PRINCE): rationale and design. Am Heart J 141, 893-898.
2. Boerwinkle, E., Ellsworth, D. L., Hallman, D. M. & Biddinger, A. (1996) Genetic analysis of atherosclerosis: a research paradigm for the common chronic diseases. Hum Mol Genet 5, 1405-1410.
3. Brull, D. J., Serrano, N., Zito, F., Jones, L., Montgomery, H. E., Rumley, A., Sharma, P., Lowe, G. D., World, M. J., Humphries, S. E. & Hingorani, A. D. (2003) Human CRP Gene Polymorphism Influences CRP Levels: Implications for the Prediction and Pathogenesis of Coronary Heart Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 23, 2063-2069.
4. Calabro, P., Willerson, J. T. & Yeh, E. T. (2003) Inflammatory cytokines stimulated C-reactive protein production by human coronary artery smooth muscle cells. Circulation 108, 1930-1932.
5. Cao, H. & Hegele, R. A. (2000) Human C-reactive protein (CRP) 1059G>C polymorphism. J Hum Genet 45, 100-101.
6. Carlson, C. S., Aldred, S. F., Lee, P. K., Trocy, R. P., Schwartz, S. M., Rieder, M., Liu, K., Williams, O. D., Iribarren, C., Lewis, E. C., Fornage, M., Boerwinkle, E., Gross, M., Jaquish, C., Nickerson, D. A., Myers, R. M., Siscovick, D. S. & Reiner, A. P. (2005) Polymorphisms within the C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Promoter Region Are Associated with Plasma CRP Levels. Am J Hum Genet 77, 64-77.
7. Chen, J., Zhao, J., Huang, J., Su, S., Qiang, B. & Gu, D. (2004) - 717A>G polymorphism of human C-reactive protein gene associated with coronary heart disease in ethnic Han Chinese: the Beijing atherosclerosis study. J Mol Med 28, 28.
8. Clapp, B., Hirschfield, G., Storry, C., Gallimore, J., Stidwill, R., Singer, M., Deanfield, J., MacAllister, R., Pepys, M., Vallance, P. & Hingorani, A. (2005) Inflammation and endothelial function: direct vascular effects of human C-reactive protein on nitric oxide bioavailability. Circulation 111, 1530-1536.
9. Cushman, M., Legault, C., Barrett-Connor, E., Stefanick, M. L., Kessler, C., Judd, H. L., Sakkinen, P. A. & Tracy, R. P. (1999) Effect of postmenopausal hormones on inflammation-sensitive proteins: the Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) Study. Circulation 100, 717-722.
10. D'Aiuto, F., Casas, J. P., Shah, T., Humphries, S. E., Hingorani, A. D. & Tonetti, M. S. (2005) C-reactive protein (+1444C>T) polymorphism influences CRP response following a moderate inflammatory stimulus. Atherosclerosis 179, 413-417. Epub 2004 Dec 18.
11. Danesh, J., Wheeler, J. G., Hirschfield, G. M., Eda, S., Eiriksdottir, G., Rumley, A., Lowe, G. D., Pepys, M. B. & Gudnason, V. (2004) C-reactive protein and other circulating markers of inflammation in the prediction of coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 350, 1387-1397.
12. de Maat, M. P., Bladbjerg, E. M., Hjelmborg, J. B., Bathum, L., Jespersen, J. & Christensen, K. (2004) Genetic influence on inflammation variables in the elderly. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 24, 2168-2173. Epub 2004 Sep 02.
13. Ewing, B. & Green, P. (1998) Base-calling of automated sequencer traces using phred. II. Error probabilities. Genome Res 8, 186-194.
14. Ewing, B., Hillier, L., Wendl, M. C. & Green, P. (1998) Base-calling of automated sequencer traces using phred. I. Accuracy assessment. Genome Res 8, 175-185.
15. Ford, E. S., Giles, W. H., Mokdad, A. H. & Myers, G. L. (2004) Distribution and correlates of C-reactive protein concentrations among adult US women. Clin Chem 50, 574-581.
16. Ford, E. S., Giles, W. H., Myers, G. L. & Mannino, D. M. (2003a) Population distribution of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein among US men: findings from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2000. Clin Chem 49, 686-690
17. Ford, E. S., Giles, W. H., Myers, G. L., Rifai, N., Ridker, P. M. & Mannino, D. M. (2003b) C-reactive protein concentration distribution among US children and young adults: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2000. Clin Chem 49, 1353-1357.
18. Frohlich, J., Dobiasova, M., Lear, S. & Lee, K. W. (2001) The role of risk factors in the development of atherosclerosis. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 38, 401-440.
19. Gabay, C. & Kushner, I. (1999) Acute-phase proteins and other systemic responses to inflammation. N Engl J Med 340, 448-454.
20. Keavney, B., Palmer, A., Parish, S., Clark, S., Youngman, L., Danesh, J., McKenzie, C., Delepine, M., Lathrop, M., Peto, R. & Collins, R. (2004) Lipid-related genes and myocardial infarction in 4685 cases and 3460 controls: discrepancies between genotype, blood lipid concentrations, and coronary disease risk. Int J Epidemiol 33, 1002-1013. Epub 2004 Jul 15.
21. Koenig, W., Sund, M., Frohlich, M., Fischer, H. G., Lowel, H., Doring, A., Hutchinson, W. L. & Pepys, M. B. (1999) C-Reactive protein, a sensitive marker of inflammation, predicts future risk of coronary heart disease in initially healthy middle-aged men: results from the MONICA (Monitoring Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease) Augsburg Cohort Study, 1984 to 1992. Circulation 99, 237-242.
22. Kovacs, A., Green, F., Hansson, L. O., Lundman, P., Samnegard, A., Boquist, S., Ericsson, C. G., Watkins, H., Hamsten, A. & Tornvall, P. (2005) A novel common single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter region of the C-reactive protein gene associated with the plasma concentration of C-reactive protein. Atherosclerosis 178, 193-198.
23. Lau, A. Y. & Chasman, D. I. (2004) Functional classification of proteins and protein variants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101, 6576-6581.
24. Leushner, J. & Chiu, N. H. (2000) Automated mass spectrometry: a revolutionary technology for clinical diagnostics. Mol Diagn 5, 341-348.
25. Li, S. P., Liu, T. Y. & Goldman, N. D. (1990) cis-acting elements responsible for interleukin-6 inducible C-reactive protein gene expression. J Biol Chem 265, 4136-4142.
26. Livak, K. J., Flood, S. J., Marmaro, J., Giusti, W. & Deetz, K. (1995) Oligonucleotides with fluorescent dyes at opposite ends provide a quenched probe system useful for detecting PCR product and nucleic acid hybridization. PCR Methods Appl 4, 357-362.
27. Obisesan, T. O., Leeuwenburgh, C., Phillips, T., Ferrell, R. E., Phares, D. A., Prior, S. J. & Hagberg, J. M. (2004) C-reactive protein genotypes affect baseline, but not exercise training-induced changes, in C-reactive protein levels. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 24, 1874-1879.
28. Pankow, J. S., Folsom, A. R., Cushman, M., Borecki, I. B., Hopkins, P. N., Eckfeldt, J. H. & Tracy, R. P. (2001) Familial and genetic determinants of systemic markers of inflammation: the NHLBI family heart study. Atherosclerosis 154, 681-689.
29. Pasceri, V., Willerson, J. T. & Yeh, E. T. (2000) Direct proinflammatory effect of C-reactive protein on human endothelial cells. Circulation 102, 2165-2168.
30. Pepys, M. B. & Hirschfield, G. M. (2003) C-reactive protein: a critical update. J Clin Invest 111, 1805-1812.
31. Ridker, P. M. (2003) Clinical application of C-reactive protein for cardiovascular disease detection and prevention. Circulation 107, 363-369.
32. Ridker, P. M. & Cook, N. (2004) Clinical Usefulness of Very High and Very Low Levels of C-Reactive Protein Across the Full Range of Framingham Risk Scores. Circulation 29, 29.
33. Ridker, P. M., Cushman, M., Stampfer, M. J., Tracy, R. P. & Hennekens, C. H. (1997) Inflammation, aspirin, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy men. N Engl J Med 336, 973-979.
34. Ridker, P. M., Hennekens, C. H., Rifai, N., Buring, J. E. & Manson, J. E. (1999) Hormone replacement therapy and increased plasma concentration of C-reactive protein. Circulation 100, 713-716.
35. Ridker, P. M., Rifai, N., Rose, L., Buring, J. E. & Cook, N. R. (2002) Comparison of C-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the prediction of first cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med 347, 1557-1565.
36. Russell, A. I., Cunninghame Graham, D. S., Shepherd, C., Roberton, C. A., Whittaker, J., Meeks, J., Powell, R. J., Isenberg, D. A., Walport, M. J. & Vyse, T. J. (2004) Polymorphism at the C-reactive protein locus influences gene expression and predisposes to systemic lupus erythematosus. Hum Mol Genet 13, 137-147.
37. Schaid, D. J., Rowland, C. M., Tines, D. E., Jacobson, R. M. & Poland, G. A. (2002) Score tests for association between traits and haplotypes when linkage phase is ambiguous. Am J Hum Genet 70, 425-434.
38. SeattleSNPs P ( - accessed April, 2004) NHLBI Program for Genomic Applications, UW-FHCRC, Seattle, WA (URL: http://pga.gs.washington.edu).
39. Suk, H. J., Ridker, P. M., Cook, N. R. & Zee, R. Y. L. (2005) Relation of polymorphism within the C-reactive protein gene and plasma CRP levels. Atherosclerosis 178, 139-145.
40. Szalai, A. J., McCrory, M. A., Cooper, G. S., Wu, J. & Kimberly, R. P. (2002) Association between baseline levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and a dinucleotide repeat polymorphism in the intron of the CRP gene. Genes Immun 3, 14-19.
41. Szalai, A. J., Wu, J., Lange, E. M., McCrory, M. A., Langefeld, C. D., Williams, A., Zakharkin, S. O., George, V., Allison, D. B., Cooper, G. S., Xie, F., Fan, Z., Edberg, J. C. & Kimberly, R. P. (2005) Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the C-reactive protein (CRP) gene promoter that affect transcription factor binding, alter transcriptional activity, and associate with differences in baseline serum CRP level. J Mol Med 19, 19.
42. Vickers, M. A., Green, F. R., Terry, C., Mayosi, B. M., Julier, C., Lathrop, M., Ratcliffe, P. J., Watkins, H. C. & Keavney, B. (2002) Genotype at a promoter polymorphism of the interleukin-6 gene is associated with baseline levels of plasma C-reactive protein. Cardiovasc Res 53, 1029-1034.
43. Volanakis, J. E. (2001) Human C-reactive protein: expression, structure, and function. Mol Immunol 38, 189-197.
44. Wingender, E., Chen, X., Fricke, E., Geffers, R., Hehl, R., Liebich, I., Krull, M., Matys, V., Michael, H., Ohnhauser, R., Pruss, M., Schacherer, F., Thiele, S. & Urbach, S. (2001) The TRANSFAC system on gene expression regulation. Nucleic Acids Res 29, 281-283.
45. Zee, R. Y. & Ridker, P. M. (2002) Polymorphism in the human C-reactive protein (CRP) gene, plasma concentrations of CRP, and the risk of future arterial thrombosis. Atherosclerosis 162, 217-219.