A phylogeny of extant penguins (Aves: Sphenisciformes) combining morphology and mitochondrial sequences

Cladistics

Volumn 21, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 209-239

  Bertelli, Sara ^a   Giannini, Norberto P ^a  

^a DIVISION OF INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLADISTICS; PHYLOGENY; SEABIRD;

AVES; GAVIIFORMES; PROCELLARIIFORMES; SPHENISCIDAE; SPHENISCIFORMES;

EID: 27544439144     PISSN: 07483007     EISSN: 10960031     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2005.00065.x     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Barnett, C.H., Lewis, O.J., 1958. The evolution of some traction epiphyses in birds and mammals. J. Anat. 92, 593-601.
2. Baumel, J.J., Witmer, L.M., 1993. Osteologia. In: Baumel, J.J., King, A.S., Breazile, J.E., Evans, H.E., Vanden Berge, J.C. (Eds.), Handbook of Avian Anatomy: Nomina Anatomica Avium, 2nd edn. Publications of Nuttall Ornithological Club, Cambridge, MA, pp. 45-132.
3. Beddard, F.E., 1898. The Structure and Classification of Birds. Longmans, Green, & Co., Ornithological Club, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, UK.
4. Bertelli, S., Giannini, N.P., Goloboff, P.A., 2002. A phylogeny of tinamous (Aves: Palaeognathiformes) based on integumentary characters. Syst. Biol. 51, 959-979.
5. Bremer, K., 1992. Ancestral areas: a cladistic reinterpretation of the center of origin concept. Syst. Biol. 41, 436-445.
6. Bremer, K., 1994. Branch support and tree stability. Cladistics, 10, 295-304.
7. Chandler, A.C., 1916. A study of the structure of feathers, with reference to their taxonomic significance. Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool. 13, 243-446.
8. Chu, P.C., 1998. A phylogeny of the gulls (Aves: Larinae) inferred from osteological and integumentary characters. Cladistics, 14, 1-43.
9. Clarke, J.A., Olivero, E.B., Puerta, P., 2003. Description of the earliest fossil penguin from South America and first paleogene vertebrate locality of Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. Am. Mus. Novitates, 3423, 1-18.
10. Cooper, A., Penny, D., 1997. Mass survival of birds across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary: molecular evidence. Science, 275, 1109-1113.
11. Cracraft, J.L., 1968. The lacrimal-ectethmoid bone complex in birds: a single character analysis. Am. Midl. Nat. 80, 316-359.
12. Cracraft, J.L., 1981. Toward a phylogenetic classification of the Recent birds of the world (Class Aves). Auk, 98, 681-714.
13. Dabbene, R., 1920. Los pingüines de las costas e islas de los mares argentinos. Hornero, 2, 1-9.
14. Davis, L.S., Darby, J.T., 1990. Penguin Biology. Academy Press, San Diego, CA.
15. Emslie, S.D., 2003. Late-Holocene penguin occupation and diet at King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Antarct. Res. Series, 79, 171-180.
16. Frost, D.R., Rodriguez, M.T., Grant, T., Titus, T., 2001. Phylogenetics of the lizard genus Tropidupus (Squamata: Tropiduridae: Tropidurinae): direct optimization, descriptive efficiency, and sensitivity analysis of congruence between molecular data and morphology. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 21, 352-371.
17. Gadow, H., 1892. On the classification of birds. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1892, 229-256.
18. Garcia-Moreno, J., Sorenson, M.D., Mindell, D.P., 1998. Unpublished. Congruent avian phylogenies inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences.
19. Giannini, N.P., Bertelli, S., 2004. Phylogeny of extant penguins based on integumentary and breeding characters. Auk, 121, 422-434.
20. Giannini, N.P., Simmons, N.B., 2003. A phylogeny of megachiropteran bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) based on direct optimization analysis of one nuclear and four mitochondrial genes. Cladistics. 19, 496-511.
21. Goloboff, P.A., 1999. Analyzing large data sets in reasonable times: solutions for composite optima. Cladistics, 15, 415-428.
22. Goloboff, P.A., Farris, J.S., 2001. Methods for quick consensus estimation. Cladistics, 17, S26-S34.
23. Goloboff, P.A., Farris, J.S., Källersjö, M., Oxelman, B., Ramírez, M., Szumik, C.A., 2003. Improvements to resampling measures of group support. Cladistics, 19, 324-332.
24. Groth, J.G., Barrowclough, G.F., 1999. Basal divergences in birds and the phylogenetic utility of the nuclear RAG-1 gene. Mol. Phyl. Evol. 12, 115-123.
25. Harrison, P., 1985. Seabirds: an Identification Guide. Christopher Helm, London, UK.
26. Ho, C.Y.-K., Prager, E.M., Wilson, A.C., Osuga, D.T., Feeney, R.E., 1976. Penguin evolution: protein comparisons demonstrate phylogenetic relationships to flying aquatic birds. J. Mol. Evol. 8, 271-282.
27. Hofer, H., 1950. Zür morphologie der kiefermuskulatur der Vogel. Zool. Jahrber. Anat. Ont. 70, 427-600.
28. Horner, M.W., Miller, G.D., Miller, R.D., 1998. Unpublished. A molecular phylogeny of penguins based on mtDNA cytochrome-b gene sequences.
29. Howard, H., 1929. The avifauna of Emeryville shellmound. Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool. 32, 301-394.
30. Huxley, T.H., 1867. On the classification of birds; and on the taxonomic value of the modifications of certain of the cranial bones observable in that class. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1867, 415-472.
31. Kennedy, M., Page, R.D.M., 2002. Seabird supertrees: combining partial estimates of procellariifomi phylogeny. Auk. 119, 88-108.
32. Kinsky, F.C., 1960. The yearly cycle of the northern blue penguin (Eudyptula minor novaehollandiae) in the Wellington harbour area. Dom. Mus. Rec. Zool. 3, 145-218.
33. Lowe, P.R., 1933. On the primitive characters of the penguins and their bearing on the phylogeny of birds. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1933, 483-538.
34. Martínez, I., 1992. Order Sphenisciformes. In: del Hoyo, J., Elliot, A., Sargatal, J. (Eds), Handbook of the Birds of the World, Vol. 1. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, pp. 140-160.
35. Mayr, G., 2005. Tertiary plotopterids (Aves, Plotopteridae) and a novel hypothesis on the phylogenetic relationships of penguins (Spheniscidae). J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res. 43, 61-71.
36. Mayr, G., Clarke, J., 2003. The deep divergences of neornithine birds: a phylogenetic analysis of morphological characters. Cladistics, 19, 527-533.
37. McKitrick, M.G., 1991. Forelimb myology of loons (Gaviiformes), with comments on the relationship of loons and tubenoses (Procellariiformes). Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 102, 115-152.
38. Mey, E., Chastel, O., Beaucournu, J.C., 2002. A 'penguin' chewing louse Nesiotinus on a Kergelen dyving-petrel (Pelecanoides urinatrix exsul): an indication of a phylogenetic relationship? J. Ornithol. 143, 472-476.
39. Newton, A., 1896. A Dictionary of Birds. Black, London.
40. Nunn, G.B., Cooper, J., Jouventin, P., Robertson, C.J.R., Robertson, G.G., 1996. Evolutionary relationships among extant albatrosses (Procellariiformes: Diomedeidae) established from complete cytochrome b gene sequences. Auk, 113, 784-801.
41. Nunn, G.B., Stanley, S.E., 1998. Body size effects and rates of cytochrome b evolution in tube-nosed seabirds. Mol. Biol. Evol. 15, 1360-1371.
42. O'Hara, R.J., 1989. An estimate of the phylogeny of the living penguins (Aves: Spheniscidae). Am. Zool. 29, 11A.
43. Olson, S.L., 1985. The fossil record of birds. Avian Biol. 8, 79-238.
44. Paterson, A.M., Wallis, G.P., Gray, R.D., 1995. Penguins, petrels and parsimony: Does cladistic analysis of behavior reflect seabird phylogeny? Evolution, 49, 974-989.
45. Pycraft, W.P., 1898. Contribution to the osteology of birds. Part II. Impennes. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1898, 958-989.
46. Pycraft, W.P., 1899. Contributions to the osteology of birds. Part III. Tubinares. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1899, 381-411.
47. Pycraft, W.P., 1907. On some points in the anatomy of the emperor and adélie penguins. British National Antarctic Expeditions (1901-04). Reports, 2, 1-21.
48. Romanoff, A.L., Romanoff, A.J., 1949. The Avian Egg. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
49. Ronquist, F., 1997. Dispersal-vicariance analysis: a new approach to the quantification of historical biogeography. Syst. Biol. 46, 195-203.
50. Saiff, E.I., 1974. The middle ear of the skull of birds. The Procellariiformes. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 54, 213-240.
51. Saiff, E.I., 1976. Anatomy of the middle ear region of the avian skull: Sphenisciformes. Auk, 93, 749-759.
52. Schreiweis, D.O., 1982. A comparative study of the appendicular musculature of penguins (Aves: Sphenisciformes). Smithson. Contrib. Zool. 341, 1-46.
53. Sclater, P.L., 1880. Remarks on the present state of the systema avium. Ibis, 22, 340-350.
54. Sibley, C.G., Ahlquist, J.E., 1990. Phylogeny and Classification of Birds: a Study in Molecular Evolution. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.
55. Simpson, G.G., 1946. Fossil Penguins. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 87, 1-100.
56. Simpson, G.G., 1972. Conspectus of Patagonian fossil penguins. Am. Mus. Nov. 2488, 1-37.
57. Slack, K.E., Janke, A., Penny, D., Arnason, U., 2003. Two new avian mitochondrial genomes (penguin and goose) and a summary of bird and reptile mitogenomic features. Gene, 302, 43-52.
58. Stanley. S.E., Harrison, R.G., 1999. Cytochrome b evolution in birds and mammals: an evaluation of the avian constraint hypothesis. Mol. Biol. Evol. 16, 1575-1585.
59. Stresemann, E., 1934. Aves. In: Kükenthal, W., Krumbach, T. (Eds), Handbuch der Zoologie, Vol. 7, Part 2. Walter der Gruyter, Berlin, Germany, pp. 1-899.
60. van Tuinen, M., Sibley, C.G., Hedges, S.B., 2000. The early history of modern birds inferred from DNA sequences of nuclear and mitochondrial ribosomal genes. Mol. Biol. Evol. 17, 451-457.
61. Verheyen, R., 1958. Convergence ou paramorphogenèse. Systèmatique et phylogénie des manchots (Sphenisciformes). Gerfaut, 1, 43-69.
62. Watson, M., 1883. Report on the anatomy of the Spheniscidae collected during the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger. In: Murray, J. (Ed.), Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger During the Years 1873-1876, Zoology, Vol. 7. Neill, Edinburgh, pp. 1-244.
63. Watson, G.E., 1975. Birds of the Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic. The William Byrd Press, Richmond, VA.
64. Wheeler, W.C., 1996. Optimization alignment: the end of multiple sequence alignment in phylogenetics? Cladistics, 12, 1-9.
65. Wheeler, W.C., 2003. Iterative pass optimization of sequence data. Cladistics, 19, 254-260.
66. Wheeler, W.C., Gladstein, D.S., De Laet, J., 2003. POY, Version 3.0. ftp.amnh.org/pub/molecular/poy.
67. Wilson, E.A., 1907. Aves. In: Fletcher, L. (Ed.), British National Antarctic Expeditions (1901-04), Natural History, Vol. 2. William Clowes & Sons, London, pp. 1-21.
68. Zusi, R.L., 1975. An interpretation of skull structure in penguins. In: Stonehouse, B. (Ed.). The Biology of Penguins. University Park Press, Baltimore, MD, pp. 59-84.