End games: Euthanasia under interminable scrutiny

Bioethics

Volumn 19, Issue 5-6, 2005, Pages 523-536

  Parker, Malcolm ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONFERENCE PAPER; EMPIRICAL RESEARCH; EUTHANASIA; HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT; HUMAN RIGHTS; LONG TERM CARE; MEDICAL DECISION MAKING; MEDICAL ETHICS; MEDICOLEGAL ASPECT; MORALITY; PALLIATIVE THERAPY; PATIENT CARE; SCIENCE; SUICIDE; TREATMENT WITHDRAWAL;

ANALYTICAL APPROACH; DEATH AND EUTHANASIA; EMPIRICAL APPROACH;

DEPRESSION; EMPIRICAL RESEARCH; ETHICAL ANALYSIS; ETHICAL THEORY; EUTHANASIA, ACTIVE, VOLUNTARY; EUTHANASIA, PASSIVE; HUMANS; MOTIVATION; PALLIATIVE CARE; PUBLIC POLICY; SUICIDE, ASSISTED;

EID: 27344457613     PISSN: 02699702     EISSN: 14678519     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8519.2005.00462.x     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (70)

1. F.G. Miller & D.E. Meier. A Comparison of Terminal Dehydration and Physician-Assisted Suicide. Ann Intern Med 1998; 128: 559.
2. Y.Y.W. Mack, G. Elwyn & I.G. Finaly. Patients' voices are needed in debates on euthanasia. Br Med J 2003; 327: 213-215.
3. Ibid.
4. B. Rosenfeld. Assisted suicide, depression and the right to die. Psychol Public Policy Law 2000; 6(2): 467-488;
5. W. Breitbart, W. Rosenfeld & B.D. Passik. Interest in physician-assisted suicide among ambulatory HIV-infected patients. Am J Psychiatry 1996; 153: 238-242;
6. H.M. Chochinov et al. Desire for death in the terminally ill. Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152: 1185-1191;
7. E.J. Emanuel. Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide: A Review of the Empirical Data from the United States. Arch Intern Med 2002; 162: 150.
8. Emanuel, Arch Intern Med ibid.
9. Ibid.
10. E. Emanuel. Empirical Studies on Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide. J Clin Ethics 1995; 6: 159.
11. J Clin Ethics Ibid. p. 160.
12. D. King, S. Kim & Y. Conwell. Family Matters: A Social Systems Perspective on physician-assisted suicide and the older adult. Psychol Public Policy Law 2000; 6(2): 434-451.
13. A.M. Capron. What Contributions Have Social Science and the Law Made to the Development of Policy on Bioethics? Daedalus 1999; 128: 295.
14. See also W. van der Burg. Bioethics and Law: A Developmental Perspective. Bioethics 1997; 11(2): 91-114.
15. In re Quinlan, 70 N.J. 10 (1976);
16. Cruzan vs. Director, Mo Dep't of Health, 497 US 261 (1990).
17. A. Fagerlin & C.E. Schneider. Enough: The Failure of the Living Will. Hastings Cent Rep 2004; 34(2): 30-42.
18. Capron, op. cit. note 10, pp. 313-314.
19. D.W. Kissane. The Contribution of Demoralization to End of Life Decisionmaking. Hastings Cent Rep 2004; 34(4): 21-31.
20. See also D. Clarke & D. Kissane. Demoralisation: its phenomenology and importance. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2002; 36: 733-742;
21. D. Kissane, D. Clarke & A. Street. Demoralization Syndrome - a Relevant Psychiatric Diagnosis for Palliative Care. J Palliat Care 2001; 17: 12-21;
22. D. Kissane. Demoralisation: its impact on informed consent and medical care. Med J Aust 2001; 175: 537-539;
23. D. Kissane. Psychospiritual and existential distress. Aust Fam Physician 2000; 29: 1022-1025;
24. D. Kissane. Distress, demoralisation and depression. Current Therapeutics June 2000; 14-19:
25. D. Kissane & B. Kelly. Demoralisation, depression and desire for death: problems with the Dutch guidelines for euthanasia of the mentally ill. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2000; 34: 325-333;
26. D. Clarke. Autonomy, rationality and the wish to die. J Med Ethics 1999; 25: 457-462.
27. Kissane, Clarke & Street, J Med Ethics ibid.
28. Kissane (2004), op. cit. note 15, p. 29.
29. M. Parker. Medicalizing meaning: demoralisation syndrome and the desire to die. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2004; 38: 765-773.
30. Kissane (2004), op. cit. note 15, p. 28 (emphasis added).
31. See also L. Ganzini & H. Prigerson. The Other Side of the Slippery Slope. Hastings Cent Rep 2004; 34(4): 3.
32. See also R.E. Ashcroft. Constructing Empirical Bioethics: Foucauldian Reflections on the Empirical Turn in Bioethics Research. Health Care Anal 2003; 11: 3-13.
33. A.I. Batavia. The relevance of data on physicians and disability on the right to assisted suicide. Psychol Public Policy Law 2000; 6(2): 546-558;
34. British Medical Association. 1999. Withholding and Withdrawing Life-Prolonging Medical Treatment: Guidance for decision making. London. BMJ Books: 13-14;
35. Re C (Refusal of Medical Treatment) (1994) 1 FLR, at 35, per Thorpe J.
36. British Medical Association, ibid. pp. 13-24.
37. E.D. Pellegrino. The Limitation of Empirical Research in Ethics. J Clin Ethics 1995; 6(2): 161-162;
38. T. Hope. Empirical Medical Ethics. J Med Ethics 1999; 25: 219.
39. G.E. Moore. 1984. Principia Ethica. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press: 13.
40. For critiques of Moore's argument, see M. Warnock. 1978. Ethics since 1900. 3rd ed. Oxford. Oxford University Press: 1-28;
41. W.D. Hudson. 1983. Modern Moral Philosophy. 2nd ed. London. MacMillan: 65-105.
42. For a brief summary of the naturalistic fallacy, see C.R. Pigden. 1993. Naturalism. In A Companion to Ethics. Peter Singer, ed. Oxford. Blackwell: 426-428.
43. P. Borry, P. Schotsmans & K. Dierickx. Empirical ethics: a challenge to bioethics. Med Health Care Philos 2004; 7: 1-3;
44. B. Molewijk et al. Empirical data and moral theory. A plea for integrated empirical ethics. Med Health Care Philos 2004; 7: 55-69.
45. L. van der Scheer & G. Widdershoven. Integrated empirical ethics: Loss of normativity? Med Health Care Philos 2004; 7: 77-78.
46. P.H. Nowell-Smith. 1954. Ethics. Harmondsworth. Penguin: 198-225.
47. H.J. Paton. 1948. The Moral Law: Kant's Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals. London. Hutchinson: 65, 71-74.
48. Nowell-Smith, op. cit. note 28, pp. 17-121.
49. S. Blackburn. 1998. Ruling Passions. Oxford. Oxford University Press: 8-14.
50. T. Czezowski. Ethics as an Empirical Science. Philos Phenomenal Res 1953; 14(2): 167-168.
51. Blackburn, op. cit. note 31, pp. 208-209;
52. D. Hume. 1975. Enquiries Concerning Human Understanding and Concerning the Principles of Morals. Ed. L.A. Selby-Bigge. 3rd ed. revised by P.H. Nidditch. Oxford. Oxford University Press: IX.2: 282.
53. T.E. Quill et al. The Debate Over Physician-Assisted Suicide. Ann Intern Med 1998; 128: 552-558.
54. See also Miller & Meier, op. cit. note 1, pp. 559-562.
55. K.M. Foley. Competent Care for the Dying Instead of Physician-Assisted Suicide. N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 54-58.
56. Quill et al., op. cit. note 34, pp. 553-554.
57. Kissane, Clarke & Street, op. cit. note 15, pp. 12-21.
58. Kissane & Kelly, op. cit. note 15.
59. David Orentlicher. The implementation of Oregon's Death With Dignity Act. Reassuring, but more data are needed. Psychol Public Policy Law 2000; 6(2): 489-502.
60. Ibid.
61. Ganzini & Prigerson, op. cit. note 20.
62. I am grateful to Colleen Cartwright for information on these developments.
63. Rights of the Terminally Ill Act 1995 (NT); Euthanasia Laws Act 1997 (C'th).
64. Oregon Death with Dignity Act, Oregon Revised Statute 127.800-127.897.
65. Swissinfo. Medical Body relaxes rules on euthanasia. 15 November 2004. Available at http://www.swissinfo.org/sen/Swissinfo.html?siteSect=105&sid= 4696720 (accessed 30 November 2004).
66. Assisted Dying for the Terminally Ill. House of Lords. Available at http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200304/ldbills/017/2004017.htm (accessed 30 November 2004).
67. D. Batty. Doctors drop opposition to euthanasia bill. Guardian 15 October 2004. Available at http://society.guardian.co.uk/health/story/ 0,1328388.00.html (accessed 30 November 2004).
68. BBC News World Edition. Available at http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/ health/4637835.stm (accessed 28 July 2005).
69. J. Rachels. Active and Passive Euthanasia. JAMA 1975; 292: 78-80.
70. L. Kolakowski. 1990. Modernity on Endless Trial. Chicago. University of Chicago Press: 48-50.