Propagation of tracer signals in boundary currents

Journal of Physical Oceanography

Volumn 35, Issue 9, 2005, Pages 1538-1552

  Waugh, Darryn W ^a   Hall, Timothy M ^b  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NASA GODDARD INSTITUTE FOR SPACE STUDIES   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BESSEL FUNCTIONS; BOUNDARY CONDITIONS; CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEYS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; OCEAN CURRENTS; THERMAL EFFECTS; TRITIUM;

BOUNDARY CURRENTS; DEEP WESTERN BOUNDARY CURRENTS (DWBCS); HYDROGRAPHIC TRACERS; PROPAGATED SIGNALS; TRACER SIGNALS; TRANSIT-TIME DISTRIBUTIONS;

OCEANOGRAPHY;

BOUNDARY CURRENT; MIXING; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; TRACER;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; ATLANTIC OCEAN (NORTH); OCEANIC REGIONS; WORLD;

EID: 27144502666     PISSN: 00223670     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JPO2779.1     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Azetsu-Scott, K., E. P. Jones, I. Yashayaev, and R. M. Gershey, 2003: Time series study of CFC concentrations in the Labrador Sea during deep and shallow convection regimes (1991-2000). J. Geophys. Res., 108, 3354, doi:10.1029/2002JC001317.
2. Beining, P., and W. Roether, 1996: Temporal evolution of CFC 11 and CFC 12 concentrations in the ocean interior. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 16 455-16 464.
3. Deleersnijder, E., J. Campin, and E. J. M. Delhez, 2001: The concept of age in marine modeling I. Theory and preliminary model results. J. Mar. Sys., 28, 229-267.
4. Delhez, E. J. M., E. Deleersnijder, A. Mouchet, and J. M. Beckers, 2003: A note on the age of radioactive tracers. J. Mar. Sys., 38, 277-286.
5. Dickson, B., I. Yashayaev, J. Meincke, B. Turrell, S. Dye, and J. Holfort, 2002: Rapid freshening of the deep North Atlantic Ocean over the past four decades. Nature, 416, 832-837.
6. 3He distributions. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 638-659.
7. Fine, R. A., M. Rhein, and C. Andrie, 2003: Using a CFC effective age to estimate propagation and storage of climate anomalies in the deep western North Atlantic Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett, 29, 2227, doi:10.1029/ 2002GL015618.
8. Freudenthal, S., and C. Andrie, 2002: The arrival of a "new" Labrador Sea Water signal in the tropical Atlantic in 1996. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1741-1744.
9. Haine, T. W. N., and T. M. Hall, 2002: A generalized transport theory: Water mass composition and age. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 329 1932-1946.
10. Haine, T. W. N., A. J. Watson, M. I. Liddicoat, and R. R. Dickson, 1998: The flow of Antarctic bottom water to the southwest Indian Ocean estimated using CFCs. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 27 637-27 653.
11. Hall, T. M., 2000: Path histories and timescales in stratospheric transport: analysis of an idealized model. J. Geophys. Res., 1105, 22 811-22 823.
12. Hall, T. M., and R. A. Plumb, 1994: Age as a diagnostic of stratospheric transport. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 1059-1070.
13. Hall, T. M., and D. W. Waugh, 2000: Stratospheric residence time and its relationship to mean age. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 6773-6782.
14. Hall, T. M., and T. W. N. Haine, 2002: A note on ocean transport diagnostics: Ideal age and the age spectrum. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32, 1987-1991.
15. 2 disequilibrium. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 18, G131031, doi:10.1029/ 2003GB002120.
16. Holzer, M., and T. M. Hall, 2000: Transit-time and tracer-age distributions in geophysical flows. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 3539-3558.
17. 3He in the western Atlantic Ocean. Deep-Sea Res., 23, 481-494.
18. Johnson, H. L., and D. P. Marshall, 2002: Localization of abrupt change in the North Atlantic thermolialine circulation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29,1083, doi:10.1029/2001GL014140.
19. Khatiwala, S., M. Visbeck, and P. Schlosser, 2001: Age tracers in an ocean GCM. Deep-Sea Res., 48, 1423-1441.
20. Khatiwala, S., P. Schlosser, and M. Visbeck, 2002: Rates and mechanisms of water mass transformation in the Labrador Sea as infrerred from tracer observations. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32, 666-686.
21. Klatt, O., and Coauthors, 2002: Repeated CFC sections at the Greenwich meridian in the Weddell Sea. J. Geophys. Res., 107, 3030, doi:10.1029/ 2000JC000731.
22. Ledwell, J. R., A. J. Watson, and C. S. Law, 1998: Mixing of a tracer in the pycnocline. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 21499-21530.
23. 6: Trends, sources, and prospects. Environ. Sci. Technol., 32, 3077-3086.
24. Molinari, R. L., R. A. Fine, W. D. Wilson, R. G. Curry, J. Abell, and M. S. McCartney, 1998: The arrival of recently formed Labrador Sea Water in the deep western boundary current at 26.5°N. Geophys. Res. Lett, 25, 2249-2252.
25. Neu, J. L., and R. A. Plumb, 1999: The age of air in "leaky pipe" model of stratospheric transport. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 19 243-19 255.
26. Pickart, R. S., and W. M. Smethie, 1998: Temporal evolution of the deep western boundary current where it enters the sub-tropical domain. Deep-Sea Res., 45A, 1053-1083.
27. Pickart, R. S., N. G. Hogg, and W. M. Smethie, 1989: Determining the strength of the deep western boundary current using the chlorofluoromethane ratio. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 19, 940-951.
28. Prather, M. J., 1986: Numerical advectyion by conservation of second-order moments. J. Geophys. Res., 91, 6671-6681.
29. Rhein, M., 1994: The deep western boundary current-Tracers and velocities. Deep-Sea Res., 41A, 263-281.
30. Smethie, W. M., and R. A. Fine, 2001: Rates of North Atlantic Deep Water formation calculated from chlorofluorocarbon inventories. Deep-Sea Res., 48A, 189-215.
31. Smethie, W. M., and R. A. Fine, A. Putzka, and E. P. Jones, 2000: Tracing the flow of North Atlantic Deep Water using chlorofluorocarbons. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 14 297-14 323.
32. Sonnerup, R. E., 2001: On the relations among CFC derived water mass ages. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1739-1742.
33. Steinfeldt, R., and M. Rhein, 2004: Spreading velocities and dilution of North Atlantic Deep Water in the tropical Atlantic based on CFC time series. J. Geophys. Res., 109, C03046, doi: 10. 1029/2003JC002050.
34. Stramma, L., D. Kieke, M. Rhein, F. Schott, I. Yashayaev, and K. P. Koltermann, 2004: Deep water changes at the western boundary of the subpolar North Atlantic during 1996 to 2001. Deep-Sea Res., 51, 1033-1056.
35. Walker, S. J., R. F. Weiss, and P. K. Salameh, 2000: Reconstructed histories of the annual mean atmospheric mole fractions for the halocarbons CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, and carbon tetrachloride. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 14 285-14 296.
36. Watts, D. R., 1991: Equatorward currents in temperatures 1.8-6.0C on the continental slope in the Mid-Atlantic Bight. Deep Convection and Deep Water Formation in the Ocean, P. C. Chu and J. C. Gascard, Eds., Elsevier Science, 183-196.
37. Waugh, D. W., T. M. Hall, and T. W. N. Haine, 2003: Relationships among tracer ages. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 3138, doi:10.1029/2002JC001325.
38. Wunsch, C., 2002: Oceanic age and transient tracers: Analytical and numerical solutions. J. Geophys. Res., 107, 3048, doi:10.1029/ 2001JC000797.
39. Yang, J., and T. M. Joyce, 2003: How do high-latitude North Atlantic climate signals the crossover between the deep western boundary current and the Gulf Stream? Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1070, doi:10.1029/ 2002GL015366.