메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 105, Issue C6, 2000, Pages 14297-14323

Tracing the flow of North Atlantic Deep Water using-chlorofluorocarbons

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CFC; NORTH ATLANTIC DEEP WATER; TRACER;

EID: 0033664420     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699291     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/1999jc900274     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (150)

References (100)
  • 1
    • 0001147162 scopus 로고
    • Water masses and circulation patterns in the region of the Blake-Bahama Outer Ridge
    • Amos, A.F., A.L. Gordon, and E.D. Schneider, Water masses and circulation patterns in the region of the Blake-Bahama Outer Ridge, Deep Sea Res. Oceanogr. Abstr., 18, 145-165, 1971.
    • (1971) Deep Sea Res. Oceanogr. Abstr. , vol.18 , pp. 145-165
    • Amos, A.F.1    Gordon, A.L.2    Schneider, E.D.3
  • 2
    • 0025925532 scopus 로고
    • Free radicals within the Antarctic vortex: The roll of CFCs in Antaractic ozone loss
    • Anderson, J., D. Toohey, and W. Brune, Free radicals within the Antarctic vortex: The roll of CFCs in Antaractic ozone loss. Science, 251, 39-46, 1991.
    • (1991) Science , vol.251 , pp. 39-46
    • Anderson, J.1    Toohey, D.2    Brune, W.3
  • 3
    • 0031818882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chlorofluoromethane distributions in the deep equatorial Atlantic during January-March 1993
    • Andrie, C., J.-F. Ternon, M.-J. Messias, L. Memery, and B. Bourles, Chlorofluoromethane distributions in the deep equatorial Atlantic during January-March 1993, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 45, 903-930, 1998.
    • (1998) Deep Sea Res., Part I , vol.45 , pp. 903-930
    • Andrie, C.1    Ternon, J.-F.2    Messias, M.-J.3    Memery, L.4    Bourles, B.5
  • 4
    • 0006907189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decadal variability of the North Atlantic overflows
    • Bacon, S., Decadal variability of the North Atlantic overflows, WOCE Int. WOCE Newsl., 26, 29-30, 1997.
    • (1997) WOCE Int. WOCE Newsl. , vol.26 , pp. 29-30
    • Bacon, S.1
  • 5
    • 0001925746 scopus 로고
    • The great ocean conveyor
    • Broecker, W.S., The great ocean conveyor, Oceanography, 4, 79-89, 1991.
    • (1991) Oceanography , vol.4 , pp. 79-89
    • Broecker, W.S.1
  • 6
    • 0003167114 scopus 로고
    • Chaotic climate
    • Broecker, W.S., Chaotic climate, Sci. Amer., 273, 62-68, 1995.
    • (1995) Sci. Amer. , vol.273 , pp. 62-68
    • Broecker, W.S.1
  • 8
    • 0000932311 scopus 로고
    • Hydrography of the central Atlantic, I, the two-degree discontinuity
    • Broecker, W.S., T. Takahashi, and Y.-H. Li, Hydrography of the central Atlantic, I, The two-degree discontinuity, Deep Sea Res., Oceanogr. Abstr., 23, 1083-1104, 1976.
    • (1976) Deep Sea Res., Oceanogr. Abstr. , vol.23 , pp. 1083-1104
    • Broecker, W.S.1    Takahashi, T.2    Li, Y.-H.3
  • 10
    • 0026000201 scopus 로고
    • Radiocarbon decay and oxygen utilization in the deep Atlantic Ocean
    • Broecker, W. S., S. Blanton, and W.M. Smethie Jr., Radiocarbon decay and oxygen utilization in the deep Atlantic Ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 5, 87-117, 1991.
    • (1991) Global Biogeochem. Cycles , vol.5 , pp. 87-117
    • Broecker, W.S.1    Blanton, S.2    Smethie Jr., W.M.3
  • 13
    • 0029500640 scopus 로고
    • Chlorofluorocarbon-11 removal in anoxic marine waters
    • Bullister, J.L. and B.-S. Lee, Chlorofluorocarbon-11 removal in anoxic marine waters, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 1893-1896, 1995.
    • (1995) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.22 , pp. 1893-1896
    • Bullister, J.L.1    Lee, B.-S.2
  • 16
    • 0032484899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oceanic transport of subpolar climate signals to mid-depth subtropical waters
    • Curry, R.G., M. McCartney, and T.M. Joyce, Oceanic transport of subpolar climate signals to mid-depth subtropical waters, Nature, 391, 575-577, 1998.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.391 , pp. 575-577
    • Curry, R.G.1    McCartney, M.2    Joyce, T.M.3
  • 17
    • 0028194023 scopus 로고
    • The production of North Atlantic Deep Water: Sources, rates and pathways
    • Dickson, R.R., and J. Brown, The production of North Atlantic Deep Water: Sources, rates and pathways, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 12,319-12,341, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99
    • Dickson, R.R.1    Brown, J.2
  • 18
    • 0030302515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term coordinated changes in the convective activity of the North Atlantic
    • Dickson, R.R., J.R.N. Lazier, J. Meinke, P. Rhines, and J. Swift, Long-term coordinated changes in the convective activity of the North Atlantic. Prog. Oceanogr., 38, 241-295, 1996.
    • (1996) Prog. Oceanogr. , vol.38 , pp. 241-295
    • Dickson, R.R.1    Lazier, J.R.N.2    Meinke, J.3    Rhines, P.4    Swift, J.5
  • 19
    • 0033590458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible predictability in overflow from the Denmark Strait
    • Dickson, R.R., J. Meincke, I. Vassie, J. Jungclaus, and S. Osterhus, Possible predictability in overflow from the Denmark Strait, Nature, 397, 243-246, 1999.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.397 , pp. 243-246
    • Dickson, R.R.1    Meincke, J.2    Vassie, I.3    Jungclaus, J.4    Osterhus, S.5
  • 20
    • 0027101044 scopus 로고
    • A chlorofluorocarbon section in the eastern North Atlantic
    • Doney, S.C., and J.L. Bullister, A chlorofluorocarbon section in the eastern North Atlantic. Deep Sea Res., Part A, 39, 1857-1883, 1992.
    • (1992) Deep Sea Res., Part A , vol.39 , pp. 1857-1883
    • Doney, S.C.1    Bullister, J.L.2
  • 23
    • 0000046734 scopus 로고
    • Tracers, time scales, and the thermohaline circulation: The lower limb in the North Atlantic Ocean
    • Fine, R. A., Tracers, time scales, and the thermohaline circulation: The lower limb in the North Atlantic Ocean, U.S. Nat. Rep. Int. Union of Geod. Geophys. 1991-1994, Rev. Geophys., 33, 1353-1365, 1995.
    • (1995) U.S. Nat. Rep. Int. Union of Geod. Geophys. 1991-1994, Rev. Geophys. , vol.33 , pp. 1353-1365
    • Fine, R.A.1
  • 24
    • 0000829901 scopus 로고
    • A continuous deep western boundary current between Abaco (26.5° N) and Barbados (13° N)
    • Fine, R.A., and R.L. Molinari, A continuous deep western boundary current between Abaco (26.5° N) and Barbados (13° N), Deep Sea Res., Part A, 35, 1441-1450, 1988.
    • (1988) Deep Sea Res., Part A , vol.35 , pp. 1441-1450
    • Fine, R.A.1    Molinari, R.L.2
  • 25
    • 0001691503 scopus 로고
    • Water mass modification at the Agulhas Retroflection: Chlorofloromethane studies
    • Fine, R.A., M.J. Warner, and R.F. Weiss, Water mass modification at the Agulhas Retroflection: Chlorofloromethane studies, Deep-Sea Res., Part A, 35, 311-332, 1988.
    • (1988) Deep-Sea Res., Part A , vol.35 , pp. 311-332
    • Fine, R.A.1    Warner, M.J.2    Weiss, R.F.3
  • 27
    • 0027849105 scopus 로고
    • Deep circulation in the tropical North Atlantic
    • Friedrichs, M.A.M., and M.M. Hall, Deep circulation in the tropical North Atlantic, J. Mar. Res., 51, 697-736, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Mar. Res. , vol.51 , pp. 697-736
    • Friedrichs, M.A.M.1    Hall, M.M.2
  • 28
    • 0002590971 scopus 로고
    • The hydrography of the North Atlantic in the early 1980s: An Atlas
    • Fukumori, I., F. Martel, and C. Wunsch, The hydrography of the North Atlantic in the early 1980s: An Atlas, Prog. Oceanogr., 27, 1-110, 1991.
    • (1991) Prog. Oceanogr. , vol.27 , pp. 1-110
    • Fukumori, I.1    Martel, F.2    Wunsch, C.3
  • 29
    • 0000534007 scopus 로고
    • Inter-ocean exchange of thermocline water
    • Gordon, A.L., Inter-ocean exchange of thermocline water, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 5037-5046, 1986.
    • (1986) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.91 , pp. 5037-5046
    • Gordon, A.L.1
  • 30
    • 0001408316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antarctic Bottom water flux in the equatorial western Atlantic
    • Hall, M.M., M. McCartney, and J.A. Whitehead, Antarctic Bottom water flux in the equatorial western Atlantic, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 1903-1926, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.27 , pp. 1903-1926
    • Hall, M.M.1    McCartney, M.2    Whitehead, J.A.3
  • 31
    • 0000070895 scopus 로고
    • θ-S relationships and water masses in the eastern North Atlantic
    • Harvey, J., θ-S relationships and water masses in the eastern North Atlantic, Deep Sea Res., Part A, 29, 1021-1033, 1982.
    • (1982) Deep Sea Res., Part A , vol.29 , pp. 1021-1033
    • Harvey, J.1
  • 32
    • 0000156608 scopus 로고
    • The circulation of Norwegian Sea overflow water in the eastern North Atlantic
    • Harvey, J.G., and A. Theodorou, The circulation of Norwegian Sea overflow water in the eastern North Atlantic, Oceanol. Acta, 9, 393-402, 1986.
    • (1986) Oceanol. Acta , vol.9 , pp. 393-402
    • Harvey, J.G.1    Theodorou, A.2
  • 34
    • 0000907546 scopus 로고
    • Tritium in the deep North Atlantic Ocean
    • Jenkins, W.J., and P. Rhines, Tritium in the deep North Atlantic Ocean, Nature, 286, 877-880, 1980.
    • (1980) Nature , vol.286 , pp. 877-880
    • Jenkins, W.J.1    Rhines, P.2
  • 35
    • 0027387715 scopus 로고
    • Deep western boundary current variability off northeastern Brazil
    • Johns, W.E., D.M. Fratantoni, and R.J. Zantopp, Deep western boundary current variability off northeastern Brazil, Deep Sea Res., Part 1, 40, 293-310, 1993.
    • (1993) Deep Sea Res., Part 1 , vol.40 , pp. 293-310
    • Johns, W.E.1    Fratantoni, D.M.2    Zantopp, R.J.3
  • 36
    • 0001365625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deep flow along the western boundary south of the Blake Bahama Outer Ridge
    • Johns, E., R.A. Fine, and R.L. Molinari, Deep flow along the western boundary south of the Blake Bahama Outer Ridge, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 2187-2208, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.27 , pp. 2187-2208
    • Johns, E.1    Fine, R.A.2    Molinari, R.L.3
  • 37
    • 0002372117 scopus 로고
    • The salinity decrease in the Labrador Sea over the past thirty years
    • edited by D.G. Martinson et al., Nat. Res. Counc., Nat. Acad., Washington, D.C.
    • Lazier, J.R.N. The salinity decrease in the Labrador Sea over the past thirty years, in Natural Climate Variability on Decade-to-Century Time Scales, edited by D.G. Martinson et al., pp. 295-304, Nat. Res. Counc., Nat. Acad., Washington, D.C., 1995.
    • (1995) Natural Climate Variability on Decade-to-Century Time Scales , pp. 295-304
    • Lazier, J.R.N.1
  • 38
    • 0000544739 scopus 로고
    • Western boundary current structure and variability east of Abaco, Bahamas at 26.5° N
    • Lee, T.N., W. Johns, F. Schott, and R. Zantopp, Western boundary current structure and variability east of Abaco, Bahamas at 26.5° N, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 20, 446-466, 1990.
    • (1990) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.20 , pp. 446-466
    • Lee, T.N.1    Johns, W.2    Schott, F.3    Zantopp, R.4
  • 39
    • 0000467215 scopus 로고
    • Artificial radionuclide tracer supply to the Denmark Strait Overflow between 1972 and 1981
    • Livingston, H.D., J.H. Swift, and H.G. Ostlund, Artificial radionuclide tracer supply to the Denmark Strait Overflow between 1972 and 1981, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 6971-6982, 1985.
    • (1985) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.90 , pp. 6971-6982
    • Livingston, H.D.1    Swift, J.H.2    Ostlund, H.G.3
  • 40
    • 0000284534 scopus 로고
    • Two stable equilibria of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model
    • Manabe, S., and R.J. Stouffer, Two stable equilibria of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model, J. Clim., 1, 841-866, 1988.
    • (1988) J. Clim. , vol.1 , pp. 841-866
    • Manabe, S.1    Stouffer, R.J.2
  • 41
    • 0030452852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Production of dense overflow waters feeding the North Atlantic across the Greenland-Scotland Ridge, 1, Evidence for a revised circulation scheme
    • Mauritzen, C., Production of dense overflow waters feeding the North Atlantic across the Greenland-Scotland Ridge, 1, Evidence for a revised circulation scheme, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 43, 769-806, 1996.
    • (1996) Deep Sea Res., Part I , vol.43 , pp. 769-806
    • Mauritzen, C.1
  • 42
    • 0027062336 scopus 로고
    • Recirculating components to the deep boundary current of the northern North Atlantic
    • McCartney, M.S., Recirculating components to the deep boundary current of the northern North Atlantic, Prog. Oceanogr., 29, 283-383, 1992.
    • (1992) Prog. Oceanogr. , vol.29 , pp. 283-383
    • McCartney, M.S.1
  • 43
    • 0027836292 scopus 로고
    • Crossing of the equator by the Deep Western Boundary Current in the western Atlantic Ocean
    • McCartney, M. S., Crossing of the equator by the Deep Western Boundary Current in the western Atlantic Ocean, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 1953-1974, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.23 , pp. 1953-1974
    • McCartney, M.S.1
  • 44
    • 0003989480 scopus 로고
    • Hydrography data from Endeavor, 223: Formation and spreading of the shallow component of the North Atlantic Deep Western Boundary Current
    • Woods Hole Oceanog. Inst., Woods Hole, Mass.
    • McKee, T.A., R.S. Pickart, and W.M. Smethie Jr., Hydrography data from Endeavor, 223: Formation and spreading of the shallow component of the North Atlantic Deep Western Boundary Current, Tech. Rep. WHOI-95-07, 127 pp., Woods Hole Oceanog. Inst., Woods Hole, Mass., 1995.
    • (1995) Tech. Rep. WHOI-95-07
    • McKee, T.A.1    Pickart, R.S.2    Smethie Jr., W.M.3
  • 45
    • 0003575450 scopus 로고
    • The Deep Western Boundary Current at the Blake-Bahama Outer Ridge: Current meter and temperature observations
    • Woods Hole Oceanogr. Inst., Woods Hole, Mass.
    • Mills, C.A., and P.B. Rhines, The Deep Western Boundary Current at the Blake-Bahama Outer Ridge: current meter and temperature observations, 77 pp., WHOI Tech. Rep. WHOI-79-85, Woods Hole Oceanogr. Inst., Woods Hole, Mass., 1979.
    • (1979) WHOI Tech. Rep. WHOI-79-85
    • Mills, C.A.1    Rhines, P.B.2
  • 46
    • 0027009698 scopus 로고
    • The Deep Western Boundary Current in the tropical North Atlantic Ocean
    • Molinari, R.L., R.A. Fine, and E. Johns, The Deep Western Boundary Current in the tropical North Atlantic Ocean, Deep Sea Res., Part A., 39, 1967-1984, 1992.
    • (1992) Deep Sea Res., Part A. , vol.39 , pp. 1967-1984
    • Molinari, R.L.1    Fine, R.A.2    Johns, E.3
  • 47
    • 0032125065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The arrival of recently formed Laborador Sea Water in the Deep Western Boundary Current at 26.5° N
    • Molinari, R.L., R.A. Fine, W.D. Wilson, J. Abell, M.M. McCartney, and R.G. Curry, The arrival of recently formed Laborador Sea Water in the Deep Western Boundary Current at 26.5° N., Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 2249-2252, 1999.
    • (1999) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.25 , pp. 2249-2252
    • Molinari, R.L.1    Fine, R.A.2    Wilson, W.D.3    Abell, J.4    McCartney, M.M.5    Curry, R.G.6
  • 48
    • 0030471280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decline in the tropospheric abundance of halogens from halocarbons: Implications for stratospheric ozone depletion
    • Montzka, S.A., J.H. Butler, R.C. Myers, T.M. Thompson, T.H., Swanson, A.D. Clarke, L.T. Lock, and J.W. Elkins, Decline in the tropospheric abundance of halogens from halocarbons: Implications for stratospheric ozone depletion, Science, 272, 5266, 1318-1322, 1996.
    • (1996) Science , vol.272 , pp. 5266
    • Montzka, S.A.1    Butler, J.H.2    Myers, R.C.3    Thompson, T.M.4    Swanson, T.H.5    Clarke, A.D.6    Lock, L.T.7    Elkins, J.W.8
  • 49
    • 0006907056 scopus 로고
    • The Western Boundary Undercurrent off the Bahamas
    • Olson, D.B., H.G. Ostlund, and J. Sarmiento, The Western Boundary Undercurrent off the Bahamas, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 16, 233-240, 1986.
    • (1986) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.16 , pp. 233-240
    • Olson, D.B.1    Ostlund, H.G.2    Sarmiento, J.3
  • 50
    • 84905413063 scopus 로고
    • NAGS Tritium: North Atlantic Gyre Studies and associated projects
    • Rosenstiel School of Mar. and Atmos. Sci., Univ. of Miami, Miami, Fl.
    • Ostlund, H.G., NAGS Tritium: North Atlantic Gyre Studies and associated projects, Tritium Lab. Data Rep. 13, Rosenstiel School of Mar. and Atmos. Sci., Univ. of Miami, Miami, Fl., 1984.
    • (1984) Tritium Lab. Data Rep. 13
    • Ostlund, H.G.1
  • 51
    • 0006992988 scopus 로고
    • Transient Tracers in the Ocean North and Tropical Atlantic tritium and radiocarbon
    • Rosenstiel School of Mar. and Atmos. Sci., Univ. of Miami, Miami, Fl.
    • Ostlund, H.G., and C. Grall, Transient Tracers in the Ocean North and Tropical Atlantic tritium and radiocarbon, Tritium Lab. Data Rep. 16, Rosenstiel School of Mar. and Atmos. Sci., Univ. of Miami, Miami, Fl., 1987.
    • (1987) Tritium Lab. Data Rep. 16
    • Ostlund, H.G.1    Grall, C.2
  • 52
    • 0000072358 scopus 로고
    • The North Atlantic tritium and radiocarbon transients
    • Ostlund, H.G., and C.G.H. Rooth, The North Atlantic tritium and radiocarbon transients, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 20,147-20,166, 1990.
    • (1990) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.95
    • Ostlund, H.G.1    Rooth, C.G.H.2
  • 54
    • 0027043943 scopus 로고
    • Water mass components of the North Atlantic Deep Western Boundary Current
    • Pickart, R.S., Water mass components of the North Atlantic Deep Western Boundary Current, Deep Sea Res., Part A., 39, 1553-1572, 1992a.
    • (1992) Deep Sea Res., Part A , vol.39 , pp. 1553-1572
    • Pickart, R.S.1
  • 55
    • 0027060011 scopus 로고
    • Space-time variability of the Deep Western Boundary Current oxygen core
    • Pickart, R.S., Space-time variability of the Deep Western Boundary Current oxygen core, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 22, 1047-1061, 1992b.
    • (1992) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.22 , pp. 1047-1061
    • Pickart, R.S.1
  • 56
    • 0001629040 scopus 로고
    • How does the Deep Western Boundary Current cross the Gulf Stream?
    • Pickart, R.S., and W.M. Smethie Jr., How does the Deep Western Boundary Current cross the Gulf Stream?, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 2602-2616, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.23 , pp. 2602-2616
    • Pickart, R.S.1    Smethie Jr., W.M.2
  • 57
    • 0031717555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal evolution of the Deep Western Boundary Current where it enters the sub-tropical domain
    • Pickart, R.S. and W.M. Smethie Jr., Temporal evolution of the Deep Western Boundary Current where it enters the sub-tropical domain, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 45, 1053-1083, 1998.
    • (1998) Deep Sea Res., Part I , vol.45 , pp. 1053-1083
    • Pickart, R.S.1    Smethie Jr., W.M.2
  • 58
    • 0000493426 scopus 로고
    • Determining the strength of the Deep Western Boundary Current using the chlorofluoromethane ratio
    • Pickart, R.S., N.G. Hogg, and W.M. Smethie Jr., Determining the strength of the Deep Western Boundary Current using the chlorofluoromethane ratio, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 19, 940-951, 1989.
    • (1989) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.19 , pp. 940-951
    • Pickart, R.S.1    Hogg, N.G.2    Smethie Jr., W.M.3
  • 59
    • 0004067779 scopus 로고
    • Hydrographic data from Endeavor 214: A study of the Gulf Stream-Deep Western Boundary Current crossover
    • Woods Hole Oceanogr. Inst. Woods Hole, Mass.
    • Pickart, R.S., T.K. McKee, and W.M. Smethie Jr. Hydrographic data from Endeavor 214: A study of the Gulf Stream-Deep Western Boundary Current crossover, Tech. Rep., WHOI-92-23, 108 pp., Woods Hole Oceanogr. Inst. Woods Hole, Mass., 1992.
    • (1992) Tech. Rep., WHOI-92-23
    • Pickart, R.S.1    McKee, T.K.2    Smethie Jr., W.M.3
  • 61
    • 0031171628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mid-depth ventilation in the western boundary current system of the sub-polar gyre
    • Pickart, R.S., M.A. Spall, and J.R.N. Lazier, Mid-depth ventilation in the western boundary current system of the sub-polar gyre, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 44, 1025-1054, 1997.
    • (1997) Deep Sea Res., Part I , vol.44 , pp. 1025-1054
    • Pickart, R.S.1    Spall, M.A.2    Lazier, J.R.N.3
  • 62
    • 0028255034 scopus 로고
    • On the total geostrophic circulation of the North Atlantic Ocean: Flow patterns, tracers, and transports
    • Reid, J.L., On the total geostrophic circulation of the North Atlantic Ocean: Flow patterns, tracers, and transports, Prog. Oceanogr., 33, 1-92, 1994.
    • (1994) Prog. Oceanogr. , vol.33 , pp. 1-92
    • Reid, J.L.1
  • 63
    • 0015160629 scopus 로고
    • On the influence of the Norwegian-Greenland and Weddell Seas upon the bottom waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans
    • Reid, J.L. and R.J. Lynn, On the influence of the Norwegian-Greenland and Weddell Seas upon the bottom waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, Deep Sea Res., Oceanogr. Abstr., 18, 1063-1088, 1971.
    • (1971) Deep Sea Res., Oceanogr. Abstr. , vol.18 , pp. 1063-1088
    • Reid, J.L.1    Lynn, R.J.2
  • 64
    • 0028197793 scopus 로고
    • The Deep Western Boundary Current: Tracers and velocities
    • Rhein, M., The Deep Western Boundary Current: Tracers and velocities, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 41, 263-328, 1994.
    • (1994) Deep Sea Res., Part I , vol.41 , pp. 263-328
    • Rhein, M.1
  • 65
    • 0028887262 scopus 로고
    • The Atlantic Deep Western Boundary Current: Water masses and transports near the equator
    • Rhein, M., L. Stramma, and U. Send, The Atlantic Deep Western Boundary Current: Water masses and transports near the equator, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 2441-2457, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , pp. 2441-2457
    • Rhein, M.1    Stramma, L.2    Send, U.3
  • 66
    • 0027835594 scopus 로고
    • Deep cross-equatorial flow in the Atlantic measured with SOFAR floats
    • Richardson, P.L., and W.J. Schmitz Jr., Deep cross-equatorial flow in the Atlantic measured with SOFAR floats, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 8371-8387, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.98 , pp. 8371-8387
    • Richardson, P.L.1    Schmitz Jr., W.J.2
  • 67
    • 0003410941 scopus 로고
    • Atlas of North Atlantic-Indian Ocean monthly mean temperatures and mean salinities of the surface layer
    • Washington, D.C.
    • Robinson, M.K., R.A. Bauer and R.H. Schroder, Atlas of North Atlantic-Indian Ocean monthly mean temperatures and mean salinities of the surface layer. Ref. Publ. 18, U.S. Navy Oceanogr. Off., Washington, D.C., 1980.
    • (1980) Ref. Publ. 18, U.S. Navy Oceanogr. Off.
    • Robinson, M.K.1    Bauer, R.A.2    Schroder, R.H.3
  • 68
    • 0030862720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of eastern Arctic shelf waters on the Nansen Basin intermediate layers
    • Schauer, U., R.D. Muench, B. Rudels, and L. Timokhov, Impact of eastern Arctic shelf waters on the Nansen Basin intermediate layers, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 3371-3382, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 3371-3382
    • Schauer, U.1    Muench, R.D.2    Rudels, B.3    Timokhov, L.4
  • 69
    • 0002182898 scopus 로고
    • Transient tracers as a tool to study variability of ocean circulation
    • edited by D.G. Martinson, et al., Nat. Res. Counc., Nat Acad., Washington, D.C.
    • Schlosser, P., and W.M. Smethie Jr., Transient tracers as a tool to study variability of ocean circulation, in Natural Climate Variability on Decade-to-Century Time Scales, edited by D.G. Martinson, et al., pp. 274-288, Nat. Res. Counc., Nat Acad., Washington, D.C., 1995.
    • (1995) Natural Climate Variability on Decade-to-Century Time Scales , pp. 274-288
    • Schlosser, P.1    Smethie Jr., W.M.2
  • 70
    • 0027430368 scopus 로고
    • On the North Atlantic circulation
    • Schmitz, W.S., and M.S. McCartney, On the North Atlantic circulation, Rev. Geophys., 31, 29-49, 1993.
    • (1993) Rev. Geophys. , vol.31 , pp. 29-49
    • Schmitz, W.S.1    McCartney, M.S.2
  • 71
  • 72
    • 0027464423 scopus 로고
    • Tracing the thermohal.ine circulation in the western North Atlantic using chlorofluorocarbons
    • Smethie, W.M., Jr., Tracing the thermohal.ine circulation in the western North Atlantic using chlorofluorocarbons, Prog. Oceanogr., 31, 51-99, 1993.
    • (1993) Prog. Oceanogr. , vol.31 , pp. 51-99
    • Smethie Jr., W.M.1
  • 73
    • 0024399021 scopus 로고
    • The tritium: Krypton-85 age of Denmark Strait Overflow Water and Gibbs Fracture Zone Water just south of Denmark Strait
    • Smethie, W.M. Jr., and J.H. Swift, The tritium: Krypton-85 age of Denmark Strait Overflow Water and Gibbs Fracture Zone Water just south of Denmark Strait, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 8265-8275, 1989.
    • (1989) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.94 , pp. 8265-8275
    • Smethie Jr., W.M.1    Swift, J.H.2
  • 74
    • 0022901130 scopus 로고
    • Ventilation of the deep Greenland and Norwegian Seas: Evidence from krypton-85, tritium, carbon-14, and argon-39
    • Smethie, W.M., Jr., H.G. Ostlund, and H.H. Loosli, Ventilation of the deep Greenland and Norwegian Seas: Evidence from krypton-85, tritium, carbon-14, and argon-39, Deep Sea Res., Part A, 33, 675-703, 1986.
    • (1986) Deep Sea Res., Part A , vol.33 , pp. 675-703
    • Smethie Jr., W.M.1    Ostlund, H.G.2    Loosli, H.H.3
  • 76
    • 1542674330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abyssal circulation in the Argentine Basin
    • Smythe-Wright, D., and S. Boswell, Abyssal circulation in the Argentine Basin, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 15,845-15,851, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103
    • Smythe-Wright, D.1    Boswell, S.2
  • 77
    • 0030441206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of the Gulf Stream/Deep Western Boundary Current crossover, I, Entrainment and recirculation
    • Spall, M.A., Dynamics of the Gulf Stream/Deep Western Boundary Current crossover, I, Entrainment and recirculation, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26, 2152-2168, 1996a.
    • (1996) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.26 , pp. 2152-2168
    • Spall, M.A.1
  • 78
    • 0030427788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of the Gulf Stream/Deep Western Boundary Current crossover, II, Low frequency oscillations
    • Spall, M.A., Dynamics of the Gulf Stream/Deep Western Boundary Current crossover, II, Low frequency oscillations, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26, 2169-2182, 1996b.
    • (1996) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.26 , pp. 2169-2182
    • Spall, M.A.1
  • 79
    • 0027455826 scopus 로고
    • The deep silica tongue in the North Atlantic
    • Speer, K.G., The deep silica tongue in the North Atlantic, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 40, 925-936, 1993.
    • (1993) Deep Sea Res., Part I , vol.40 , pp. 925-936
    • Speer, K.G.1
  • 80
    • 0001444115 scopus 로고
    • Tracing lower North Atlantic deep water across the equator
    • Speer, K.G., and M.S. McCartney, Tracing lower North Atlantic deep water across the equator, J. Geophys., Res., 96, 20,443-20,448, 1991.
    • (1991) J. Geophys., Res. , vol.96
    • Speer, K.G.1    McCartney, M.S.2
  • 81
    • 0027847049 scopus 로고
    • Formation of Denmark Strait Overflow Water by mixing in the East Greenland Current
    • Strass, V.H., E. Fahrbach, U. Schauer, and L. Sellmann, Formation of Denmark Strait Overflow Water by mixing in the East Greenland Current, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 6907-6919, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.98 , pp. 6907-6919
    • Strass, V.H.1    Fahrbach, E.2    Schauer, U.3    Sellmann, L.4
  • 82
    • 0002976509 scopus 로고
    • GEOSECS Atlantic Radiocarbon
    • Stuiver, M., and H. G. Ostlund, GEOSECS Atlantic Radiocarbon, Radiocarbon, 22, 1-24, 1980.
    • (1980) Radiocarbon , vol.22 , pp. 1-24
    • Stuiver, M.1    Ostlund, H.G.2
  • 83
    • 0000767911 scopus 로고
    • The circulation of the Denmark Strait and Iceland-Scotland Overflow Waters in the North Atlantic
    • Swift, J.H., The circulation of the Denmark Strait and Iceland-Scotland Overflow Waters in the North Atlantic, Deep Sea Res., Part A, 31, 1339-1355, 1984.
    • (1984) Deep Sea Res., Part A , vol.31 , pp. 1339-1355
    • Swift, J.H.1
  • 84
    • 0019625572 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal transitions and water mass formation in the Iceland and Greenland Seas
    • Swift, J.H., and K. Aagaard, Seasonal transitions and water mass formation in the Iceland and Greenland Seas. Deep Sea Res., Part A, 29, 1107-1129, 1981.
    • (1981) Deep Sea Res., Part A , vol.29 , pp. 1107-1129
    • Swift, J.H.1    Aagaard, K.2
  • 85
    • 0018920887 scopus 로고
    • The contribution of the Denmark Strait Overflow to the deep North Atlantic
    • Swift, J.H., K. Aagaard, and S.V. Malmberg, The contribution of the Denmark Strait Overflow to the deep North Atlantic, Deep Sea Res., Part A, 27, 29-42, 1980.
    • (1980) Deep Sea Res., Part A , vol.27 , pp. 29-42
    • Swift, J.H.1    Aagaard, K.2    Malmberg, S.V.3
  • 86
    • 0030620716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surprisingly rapid spreading of newly formed intermediate waters across the North Atlantic Ocean
    • Sy, A., M. Rhein, J.R.N. Lazier, K.P. Koltermann, J. Meincke, A. Putzka, and M. Bersch, Surprisingly rapid spreading of newly formed intermediate waters across the North Atlantic Ocean, Nature, 386, 675-679, 1997.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.386 , pp. 675-679
    • Sy, A.1    Rhein, M.2    Lazier, J.R.N.3    Koltermann, K.P.4    Meincke, J.5    Putzka, A.6    Bersch, M.7
  • 87
    • 0001045826 scopus 로고
    • Distribution and circulation of Labrador Sea water
    • Talley, L.D., and M.S. McCartney, Distribution and circulation of Labrador Sea water, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 12, 1189-1205, 1982.
    • (1982) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.12 , pp. 1189-1205
    • Talley, L.D.1    McCartney, M.S.2
  • 88
    • 0027044032 scopus 로고
    • An eastern Atlantic section from Iceland southward across the equator
    • Tsuchiya, M., L.D. Talley, and M.S. McCartney, An eastern Atlantic section from Iceland southward across the equator, Deep Sea Res. Part A, 39, 1885-1917, 1992.
    • (1992) Deep Sea Res. Part A , vol.39 , pp. 1885-1917
    • Tsuchiya, M.1    Talley, L.D.2    McCartney, M.S.3
  • 89
    • 84905423873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconstructed histories of the annual mean atmospheric mole fractions for the halocarbons CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, and carbon tetrachloride
    • Walker, S.J., R.F. Weiss, and P.K. Salameh, Reconstructed histories of the annual mean atmospheric mole fractions for the halocarbons CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, and carbon tetrachloride, J. Geophys. Res., this issue.
    • J. Geophys. Res. , Issue.THIS ISSUE
    • Walker, S.J.1    Weiss, R.F.2    Salameh, P.K.3
  • 90
    • 34547231749 scopus 로고
    • Anthropogenic chlorofluoromethanes in newly formed Labrador Sea Water
    • Wallace, D.W.R., and J.R.N. Lazier, Anthropogenic chlorofluoromethanes in newly formed Labrador Sea Water, Nature, 332, 61-63, 1988.
    • (1988) Nature , vol.332 , pp. 61-63
    • Wallace, D.W.R.1    Lazier, J.R.N.2
  • 91
    • 0028257860 scopus 로고
    • Carbon tetrachloride and chlorofluorocarbons in the South Atlantic Ocean 19° S
    • Wallace, D.W.R., P. Beining, and A. Putzka, Carbon tetrachloride and chlorofluorocarbons in the South Atlantic Ocean 19° S, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 7803-7819, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , pp. 7803-7819
    • Wallace, D.W.R.1    Beining, P.2    Putzka, A.3
  • 93
    • 0001301820 scopus 로고
    • Solubilities of chlorofluorocarbons 11 and 12 in water and seawater
    • Warner, M.J. and R.F. Weiss, Solubilities of chlorofluorocarbons 11 and 12 in water and seawater, Deep Sea Res., Part A, 32, 1485-1497, 1985.
    • (1985) Deep Sea Res., Part A , vol.32 , pp. 1485-1497
    • Warner, M.J.1    Weiss, R.F.2
  • 94
    • 0030441557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basin-wide distributions of chlorofluorocarbons CFC-11 and CFC-12 in the North Pacific: 1985-1989
    • Warner, M.J., J.L. Bullister, D.P. Wisegarver, R.H. Gammon, and R.F. Weiss, Basin-wide distributions of chlorofluorocarbons CFC-11 and CFC-12 in the North Pacific: 1985-1989, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 20,525-20,542, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101
    • Warner, M.J.1    Bullister, J.L.2    Wisegarver, D.P.3    Gammon, R.H.4    Weiss, R.F.5
  • 95
    • 77956868567 scopus 로고
    • Equatorward currents in temperatures 1.8-6.0°C on the continental slope in the Mid-Atlantic Bight
    • edited by P.C. Chu and J.C. Gascard, Elsevier Sci., New York
    • Watts, D.R., Equatorward currents in temperatures 1.8-6.0°C on the continental slope in the Mid-Atlantic Bight, in Deep Convection and Deep Water Formation in the Ocean, edited by P.C. Chu and J.C. Gascard, pp. 183-196, Elsevier Sci., New York, 1991.
    • (1991) Deep Convection and Deep Water Formation in the Ocean , pp. 183-196
    • Watts, D.R.1
  • 96
    • 0021890533 scopus 로고
    • Atmosperhic chlorofluoromethanes in the deep equatorial Atlantic
    • Weiss, R.F., J.L. Bullister, R.H. Gammon, and M.J. Warner, Atmosperhic chlorofluoromethanes in the deep equatorial Atlantic, Nature, 314, 608-610, 1985.
    • (1985) Nature , vol.314 , pp. 608-610
    • Weiss, R.F.1    Bullister, J.L.2    Gammon, R.H.3    Warner, M.J.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.