On the nature of cancer and why anticancer vaccines don't work

Cancer Cell International

Volumn 5, Issue , 2005, Pages

  Prehn, Richmond T ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BCG VACCINE; CANCER VACCINE; TUMOR ANTIGEN;

ANTIGEN SPECIFICITY; ANTIGENICITY; ARTICLE; BLADDER CARCINOMA; CANCER INHIBITION; CANCER THERAPY; DRUG EFFICACY; GENE MUTATION; GENE SILENCING; GENOMIC INSTABILITY; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOGENICITY; IMMUNOSTIMULATION; LYMPHATIC SYSTEM TUMOR; MELANOMA; SKIN TUMOR;

EID: 26844568831     PISSN: 14752867     EISSN: 14752867     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-5-25     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Prehn RT, Main JM: Immunity to methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas. J Natl Cancer Inst 1957, 18:769-78.
2. Globerson A, Feldman M: Antigenic specificity of Benzo(a)pyrene-induced sarcomas. J Natl Cancer Inst 1964, 32:1229-43.
3. Basombrio MA: Search for common antigenicities among twenty-five sarcomas induced by methycholanthrene. Cancer Res 1970, 30:2458-62.
4. Prehn RT: Relationship of tumor immunogenicity to the concentration of the oncogen. J Natl Cancer Inst 1975, 55:189-90.
5. Lawler EM, Prehn RT: Influence of immune status of host on immunogenicity of tumors induced with two doses of methylcholanthrene. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1982, 13:194-7.
6. Hewett HB, Blake ER, Walder AS: A critique of the evidence for active host defenses against cancer, based on personal studies of 27 murine tumours of spontaneous origin. Br J Cancer 1976, 33:241-59.
7. Stutman O: Immunodepression and malignancy. Adv Cancer Res 1975, 22:261-422.
8. Outzen HC: Development of carcinogen-induced skin tumors in mice with varied states of immune capacity. Int J Cancer 1980, 26:87-92.
9. Prehn RT: Immunostimulation of chemical oncogenesis in the mouse. Int J Cancer 1977, 20:918-22.
10. Carbone G, Parmiani G: Nonimmunogenic sarcomas induced by 3-MCA treatment of murine fibroblasts in diffusion chambers. J Natl Cancer Inst 1975, 55:1196-7.
11. Prehn RT, Bartlett GL: Surveillance, latency, and the two levels of MCA-induced tumor immunogenicity. Int J Cancer 1987, 39:106-10.
12. Marchant J: Sarcoma induction in mice by methylcholanthrene (Antigenicity tests of sarcomas induced in thymus grafted and control animals). Br J Cancer 1969, 23:383-90.
13. Klein G, Sjogren HO, Klein E, Hellstrom KE: Demonstration of resistance against methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas in the primary autochthonous host. Cancer Res 1960, 20:1561-72.
14. Basombrio MA, Prehn RT: Immune status of autochthonous and adoptlively protected mice toward spontaneous and chemically induced tumors. Cancer Res 1972, 32:2545-50.
15. Stjernsward J: Immune status of the primary host toward its own methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas. J Natl Cancer Inst 1968, 40:13-22.
16. Prehn RT, Lappe MA: The immune reaction as a stimulator of tumor growth. Transpl Revs 1971, 7:26-54.
17. Prehn RT: The immune reaction as a stimulator of tumor growth. Science 1972, 176:170-1.
18. Prehn RT, Prehn LM: The autoimmune nature of cancer. Cancer Res 1987, 47:927-32.
19. Prehn RT: Stimulatory effects of immune reactions upon the growths of untransplanted tumors. Cancer Res 1994, 54:908-14.
20. Soto A, Sonnenschein C: The somatic mutation theory of cancer: growing problems with the paradigm? BioEssays 2004, 26:1097-1107.
21. Farber E, Rubin H: Cellular adaptation in the origin and development of cancer. Cancer Res 1991, 51:2751-2761.
22. Rubin H: Spontaneous transformation as aberrant epigenesis. Differentiation 1993, 53:123-137.
23. Pierce GB, Speers WC: Tumors as caricatures of the process of tissue renewal: prospects for therapy by directed differentiation. Cancer Res 1988, 48:1996-2004.
24. Jaffe LF: Epigenetic theories of cancer initiation. Adv Cancer Res 2003, 88:209-230.
25. Prehn RT: Cancers beget mutations versus mutations beget cancers. Cancer Res 1994, 54:5296-5300.
26. Prehn RT: The role of mutation in the new cancer paradigm. Cancer Cell Internat 2005, 5:8.
27. Haas D, Ablin AR, Miller C, et al.: Complete morphologic maturation and regression of stage IVS neuroblastoma without treatment. Cancer 1988, 62:818-25.
28. Mellon I, Bohr VA, Smith CA, Hanawalt PC: Preferential DNA repair of an active gene in human cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1986, 83:8878-82.
29. Bielas JH, Heddle JA: Proliferation is necessary for both repair and mutation in transgenic mouse cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000, 97:11391-11396.
30. Chatenoud L, Salomon B, Bluestone JA: Suppressor T cells - they're back and critical for regulation of autoimmunity! Immunological Reviews 2001, 182:149-163.
31. Patard JJ, Rodriguez A, Leray E, Rioux Leclercq N, Guille F, Lobel B: Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin treatment improves patient survival in T1G3 bladder tumours. European Urology 2002, 41:635-41.
32. Berd D, Sato T, Maguire HC, Kairys J, Mastrangelo MJ: Immunopharmacologic analysis of an autologous hapten-modified melanoma vaccine. J Clinical Oncology 2004, 22:1-13.
33. Hodi FS, Scott G, Joseph A: Withdrawal of immunosuppression contributing to the remission of malignant melanoma: a case report. Cancer Immunity 2005, 5:7-10 [http://www.cancerimmunity.org/v5p7/050407.htm].
34. Penn i: Tumors in the immunocompromised patient. Ann Rev Med 1988, 39:63-73.