How spaniards became Chumash and other tales of ethnogenesis

American Anthropologist

Volumn 107, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 432-445

  Haley, Brian D ^a   Wilcoxon, Larry R ^b  

^a STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

^b Wilcoxon and Associates   (United States)

Author keywords

Ethnogenesis; Indigenization of modernity; Mexican Americans; Social construction of identity; Southwest borderlands

Indexed keywords

EID: 26444600802     PISSN: 00027294     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1525/aa.2005.107.3.432     Document Type: Review

References (98)

1. Allen, Patricia 1976 History of Rancho El Conejo. Ventura County Historical Society Quarterly 21(1):1-97.
2. Anonymous 1834 Padrón de Santa Barbara, año de 1834. Archived material, State Papers, Missions, vol. V, p. 506. Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
3. Arnold, Jeanne E., Michael R. Walsh, and Sandra E. Hollimon 2004 The Archaeology of California. Journal of Archaeological Research 12(1):1-73.
4. Bancroft, Hubert Howe 1884-89 History of California. 7 vols. San Francisco: A. L. Bancroft.
5. 1964 California Pioneer Register and Index, 1542-1848. Baltimore: Regional Publishing.
6. Barrios, Phelipe 1999-2000[1773] List of Individuals of the Compania de Cuera of [Loreto] ... Garrisoned in the New Presidios of San Diego and San Carlos de Monterrey. In Spanish-American Surname Histories. Lyman Platt, comp. and ed. Records 312192-312193. Provo, UT: Ancestry, Inc. Electronic database, http://www.ancestry.com, accessed January 12, 2001.
7. Barth, Fredrik 1969 Introduction. In Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organization of Cultural Difference. Fredrik Barth, ed. Pp. 9-38. Boston: Little, Brown.
8. Baudrillard, Jean 1988 America. New York: Verso.
9. Bean, John Lowell, and William Marvin Mason 1962 Diaries and Accounts of the Romero Expeditions in Arizona and California. Los Angeles: Ward Ritchie Press.
10. Boggs, James P. 2002 Anthropological Knowledge and Native American Cultural Practice in the Liberal Polity. American Anthropologist 104(2):599-610.
11. Brown, Michael F. 2003 Who Owns Native Culture? Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
12. Camarillo, Albert 1996[1979] Chicanos in a Changing Society. 2nd edition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
13. Chumash Identification Project N.d. Papers of the Chumash Identification Project. Archived material, Rosario Curletti Collection. Department of Anthropology, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, CA.
14. Conrow, Douglas 1993 The Presidio Hispanic Community, 1880-1920. In Santa Barbara Presidio Area 1840 to the Present. Carl V. Harris, Jarrel C. Jackman, and Catherine Rudolph, eds. Pp. 113-118. Santa Barbara: University of California, Santa Barbara Public Historical Studies, and Santa Barbara Trust for Historic Preservation.
15. Cope, R. Douglas 1994 The Limits of Racial Domination. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
16. Crosby, Harry W. 1994 Antigua California: Mission and Colony on the Peninsular Frontier, 1697-1768. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
17. Curletti, Rosario 1969 Letter to the Area Director, Bureau of Indian Affairs "RE: Applications in group labeled: Descendants of Paula Rubio - her mother being 'la India - Ursula,'" September 18, 1969. Archived material, Rosario Curletti Collection. Department of Anthropology, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, CA.
18. de la Guerra, José 1864 José de la Guerra to Pablo de la Guerra, May 4, 1864, Santa Barbara. Archived material, de la Guerra Papers, Folder 368. Santa Barbara Mission Archive Library, Santa Barbara, CA.
19. Eldredge, Zoeth Skinner 1912 The Beginnings of San Francisco. New York: John C. Rankin.
20. Erlandson, Jon McVey, Chester King, Lillian Robles, Eugene E. Ruyle, Diana Drake Wilson, Robert Winthrop, Chris Wood, Brian D. Haley, and Larry R. Wilcoxon 1998 CA Forum on Anthropology in Public: The Making of Chumash Tradition: Replies to Haley and Wilcoxon. Current Anthropology 39(4):477-510.
21. Field, Les 1999 Complicities and Collaborations. Current Anthropology 40(2):193-209.
22. Forbes, Jack D. 1966 Black Pioneers: The Spanish-Speaking Afroamericans of the Southwest. Phylon 27(3):233-246.
23. Franciscan Fathers 1999 Matrimonial Investigation Records, Mission San Gabriel, 1788-1861. Archived material, the McPherson Collection, Special Collections, Honnold/Mudd Library, Claremont Colleges, http://voxlibris. claremont.edu/sc/collections/marrinvest/matinvest.htm, accessed October 6, 2000.
24. N.d.a San Gabriel Mission Baptisms. Archived material, Santa Barbara Mission Archive Library, Santa Barbara, CA.
25. N.d.b San Gabriel Mission Marriages. Archived material, Santa Barbara Mission Archive Library, Santa Barbara, CA.
26. N.d.c Santa Barbara Mission Indian Burials. Archived material, Santa Barbara Mission Archive Library, Santa Barbara, CA.
27. N.d.d Santa Barbara Presidio Baptisms. Archived material, Santa Barbara Mission Archive Library, Santa Barbara, CA.
28. N.d.e Santa Barbara Presidio Marriages. Archived material, Santa Barbara Mission Archive Library, Santa Barbara, CA.
29. Friedman, Jonathan 1999 Indigenous Struggles and the Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie. Journal of World-Systems Research 5(2):391-411.
30. Garcia-Moro, Clara, D. I. Toja, and Phillip L. Walker 1997 Marriage Patterns of California's Early Spanish-Mexican Colonists (1742-1876). Journal of Biosocial Science 29(2):205-217.
31. Geiger, Maynard, O. F. M. (Order of Friars Minor) 1972 Six Census Records of Los Angeles and Its Immediate Area between 1804 and 1823. Southern California Quarterly 54(4):313-342.
32. Gillingham, Robert Cameron 1983[1961] The Rancho San Pedro. Rev. edition. Los Angeles: Museum Reproductions.
33. Gonzales, Angela 1998 The (Re)Articulation of American Indian Identity: Maintaining Boundaries and Regulating Access to Ethnically Tied Resources. American Indian Culture and Research Journal 22(4):199-225.
34. Goycoechea, Felipe de 1785 Census of the Population of Santa Barbara, October 31, 1785. Archived material, State Papers, Missions, vol. 1, pp. 4-9. Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
35. Gutiérrez, Ramon A. 1991 When Jesus Came, the Corn Mothers Went Away. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
36. Haas, Lisbeth 1995 Conquests and Historical Identities in California, 1769-1936. Berkeley: University of California Press.
37. Haley, Brian D. 1997 Newcomers in a Small Town: Change and Ethnicity in Rural California. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Santa Barbara.
38. 2002 Going Deeper: Chumash Identity, Scholars, and Space-ports in Radic' and Elsewhere. Acta Americana 10(1):113-123.
39. 2003 Liberal or Cultural: A Comment. American Anthropologist 105(2):476-477.
40. 2004 Review of Places That Count: Traditional Cultural Properties in Cultural Resource Management. Southeastern Archaeology 23(2):226-228.
41. In press The Case of the Three Baltazars: Indigenization and the Vicissitudes of the Written Word. Southern California Quarterly.
42. Haley, Brian D., and Larry R. Wilcoxon 1997 Anthropology and the Making of Chumash Tradition. Current Anthropology 38(5):761-794.
43. 1999 Point Conception and the Chumash Land of the Dead: Revisions from Harrington's Notes. Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology 21(2):213-235.
44. 2000 On Complicities and Collaborations. Current Anthropology 41(2):272-273.
45. Handler, Richard 1985 On Dialogue and Destructive Analysis: Problems in Narrating Nationalism and Ethnicity. Journal of Anthropological Research 41(2):171-182.
46. Hoar, Edward S. 1852 California Census, 1852, Santa Barbara County. Archived material, Santa Barbara Presidio Archives, Santa Barbara, CA.
47. Jackson, Robert H. 1999 Race, Caste and Status: Indians in Colonial Spanish America. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
48. Johnson, John R. 2003 Will the "Real" Chumash Please Stand Up? The Context for a Radic'al Perception of Chumash Identity. Acta Americana 11(1):70-72.
49. Kearney, Michael 2004 The Classifying and Value-Filtering Missions of Borders. Anthropological Theory 4(2):131-156.
50. King, Thomas F. 2003 Places that Count: Traditional Cultural Properties in Cultural Resource Management. Walnut Creek, CA: Alta Mira Press.
51. Kohl, Philip L. 1998 Nationalism and Archaeology: On the Constructions of Nations and the Reconstructions of the Remote Past. Annual Review of Anthropology 27:223-246.
52. Layne, J. Gregg 1934 Annals of Los Angeles, Part I. California Historical Society Quarterly 13(3):195-234.
53. Lo Buglio, Rudecinda 1977 Presidio de San Francisco, 31 December 1776. Antepasados 2(3):21-32.
54. 1981 The 1839 Census of Los Angeles. Antepasados 4:40-44.
55. Mason, William Marvin 1978 The Garrisons of San Diego Presidio: 1770-1794. Journal of San Diego History 24(4):409-411.
56. 1998 The Census of 1790: A Demographic History of Colonial California. Menlo Park, CA: Ballena Press.
57. McLendon, Sally, and John R. Johnson, eds. 1999 Cultural Affiliation and Lineal Descent of Chumash Peoples in the Channel Islands and the Santa Monica Mountains. Report prepared for Archaeology and Ethnography Program, National Park Service. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History and Hunter College, City University of New York.
58. McWilliams, Carey 1990[1948] North from Mexico: The Spanish-Speaking People of the United States. 2nd edition. New York: Praeger.
59. Menchaca, Martha 2001 Recovering History, Constructing Race: The Indian, Black, and White Roots of Mexican Americans. Austin: University of Texas Press.
60. Miranda, Gloria E. 1978 Family Patterns and the Social Order in Hispanic Santa Barbara, 1784-1848. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of History, University of Southern California.
61. 1981 Gente de Razón Marriage Patterns in Spanish and Mexican California: A Case Study of Santa Barbara and Los Angeles. Southern California Quarterly 63(1):1-21.
62. 1988 Racial and Cultural Dimensions in Gente de Razon Status in Spanish and Mexican California. Southern California Quarterly 70(3):265-278.
63. Moore, John H. 1994 Putting Anthropology Back Together Again: The Ethnogenetic Critique of Cladistic Theory. American Anthropologist 96(4):925-948.
64. 2001 Ethnogenetic Patterns in Native North America. In Archaeology, Language, and History: Essays on Culture and Ethnicity. John E. Terrell, ed. Pp. 31-56. Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey.
65. Nabokov, Peter 2002 A Forest of Time: American Indian Ways of History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
66. Northrop, Marie E. 1984 Spanish-Mexican Families of Early California: 1769-1850, vol. 2. Burbank: Southern California Genealogical Society.
67. 1986[1976] Spanish-Mexican Families of Early California: 1769-1850, vol. 1. 2nd edition. Burbank: Southern California Genealogical Society.
68. Nugent, Daniel 1998 Two, Three, Many Barbarisms? The Chihuahuan Frontier in Transition from Society to Politics. In Contested Ground: Comparative Frontiers on the Northern and Southern Edges of the Spanish Empire. Donna J. Guy and Thomas E. Sheridan, eds. Pp. 182-199. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
69. Obituary Files N.d. Books G and H. Archived material, Gledhill Library, Santa Barbara Historical Society Museum, Santa Barbara, CA.
70. O'Connor, Mary I. 1989 Environmental Impact Review and the Construction of Contemporary Chumash Ethnicity. In Negotiating Ethnicity: The Impact of Anthropological Theory and Practice. Susan E. Keefe, ed. Pp. 9-17. NAPA Bulletin, 8. Washington, DC: American Anthropological Association.
71. Ortega, José Francisco 1781 The Company which is to Garrison the Presidio and Missions of the Channel of Santa Barbara, October 30, 1781. Archived material, CA 15 Provincial State Papers, Benicia Military. Pp. 106-108. Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
72. 1939[1782] Santa Barbara Presidio Company, July 1, 1782. In History of Santa Barbara County. Owen H. O'Neill, ed. Pp. 54-55. Santa Barbara: Union Printing.
73. Pico, Georgia N.d. Memories of Mrs. Georgia Pico. Archived material, Family Files. Gledhill Library, Santa Barbara Historical Society Museum, Santa Barbara, CA.
74. Pitt, Leonard 1966 The Decline of the Californios: A Social History of the Spanish-Speaking Californians, 1846-1890. Berkeley: University of California Press.
75. Powell, Philip Wayne 1952 Soldiers, Indians and Silver: The Northward Advance of New Spain, 1550-1600. Berkeley: University of California Press.
76. Radding, Cynthia 1997 Wandering Peoples: Colonialism, Ethnic Spaces, and Ecological Frontiers in Northwestern Mexico, 1700-1850. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
77. Ruiz, James T. N.d.a Don Vico. Archived material, Family Files, James T. Ruiz Recollections. Gledhill Library, Santa Barbara Historical Society Museum, Santa Barbara, CA.
78. N.d.b The Ku Klux Klan. Archived material, Family Files, James T. Ruiz Recollections. Gledhill Library, Santa Barbara Historical Society Museum, Santa Barbara, CA.
79. Sahlins, Marshall 1999 What Is Anthropological Enlightenment? Some Lessons of the 20th Century. Annual Review of Anthropology 28:i-xxiii.
80. Sánchez, Rosaura 1995 Telling Identities: The Californio Testimonios. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
81. Santa Barbara City Directory 1943 Electronic document, http://www.vitalsearch-ca.com/gen/ca/sba/sbadlink.htm#CD, accessed March 2, 2002.
82. Schultz, Karen 1993 The Presidio and Surrounding Community, 1840-1880. In Santa Barbara Presidio Area 1840 to the Present. Carl V. Harris, Jarrel C. Jackman, and Catherine Rudolph, eds. Pp. 1-15. Santa Barbara: University of California, Santa Barbara Public Historical Studies and Santa Barbara Trust for Historic Preservation.
83. Seed, Patricia 1982 Social Dimensions of Race: Mexico City, 1753. Hispanic American Historical Review 62(4):569-606.
84. Terrell, John Edward, ed. 2001 Archaeology, Language, and History: Essays on Culture and Ethnicity. Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey.
85. Thomas, David Hurst 1991 Harvesting Ramona's Garden: Life in California's Mythical Mission Past. In Columbian Consequences, vol. 3: The Spanish Borderlands in Pan-American Perspective. David Hurst Thomas, ed. Pp. 119-157. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
86. Trompf, Garry 1990 The Cargo and the Millennium on Both Sides of the Pacific. In Cargo Cults and Millenarian Movements: Transoceanic Comparisons of New Religious Movements. Carry W. Trompf, ed. Pp. 35-94. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
87. U.S. Census Bureau 1850 Census of Santa Barbara County-Started 8 Oct. 1850. Archived material, Santa Barbara Presidio Archives, Santa Barbara, CA.
88. 1860 Eighth Census of the United States, 1860-Population Schedules, Santa Barbara County, California. Electronic document, http://www.rootsweb.com, accessed October 24, 2000.
89. 1870 Ninth Census of the United States, 1870-Population Schedules, Santa Barbara County, California. Electronic document, http://www.ancestry.com, accessed December 11, 2001.
90. 1880 Tenth Census of the United States, 1880-Population Schedules, Santa Barbara and Ventura Counties, California. Electronic document, http://www.ancestry.com, accessed May 17, 2001.
91. 1900 Twelfth Census of the United States: 1900-Population Schedules, Santa Barbara County, California. Electronic document, http://www.ancestry.com, accessed July 31, 2001.
92. 1910 Thirteenth Census of the United States, 1910-Population Schedules, Santa Barbara County, California. Electronic document, http://www.ancestry.com, accessed August 3, 2001.
93. 1920 Fourteenth Census of the United States, 1920-Population Schedules, Santa Barbara and Ventura counties, California. Electronic document, http://www.ancestry.com, accessed December 18, 2000.
94. 1930 Fifteenth Census of the United States, 1930-Population Schedules, Santa Barbara County, California. Electronic document, http://www.ancestry.com, accessed May 22, 2002.
95. Warren, Kay B., and Jean E. Jackson 2002 Introduction: Studying Indigenous Activism in Latin America. In Indigenous Movements, Self-Representation, and the State in Latin America. Kay B. Warren and Jean E. Jackson, eds. Pp. 1-46. Austin: University of Texas Press.
96. Weber, David J. 1992 The Spanish Frontier in North America. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
97. Weiner, James F. 1999 Culture in a Sealed Envelope: The Concealment of Australian Aboriginal Heritage and Tradition in the Hindmarsh Island Bridge Affair. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 5(2):193-210.
98. Wolf, Eric R. 1982 Europe and the People without History. Berkeley: University of California Press.