The great thickness debate: Ice shell thickness models for Europa and comparisons with estimates based on flexure at ridges

Icarus

Volumn 177, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 397-412

  Billings, Sandra E ^a   Kattenhorn, Simon A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO   (United States)

Author keywords

Europa; Geological processes; Satellite; Surfaces

Indexed keywords

EID: 26444548072     PISSN: 00191035     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2005.03.013     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. J.D. Anderson G. Schubert R.A. Jacobsen E.L. Lau W.B. Moore W.L. Sjogren Europa's differentiated internal structure: Inferences from four Galileo encounters Science 281 1998 2019-2022
2. S.E. Billings S.A. Kattenhorn Determination of ice crust thickness from flanking cracks along ridges on Europa Proc. Lunar Sci. Conf. 33 2002 Abstract 1813 [CD-ROM]
3. S.E. Billings S.A. Kattenhorn Comparison between terrestrial explosion crater morphology in floating ice and Europan chaos Proc. Lunar Sci. Conf. 34 2003 Abstract 1955 [CD-ROM]
4. J.G. Caldwell W.F. Haxby D.E. Karig D.L. Turcotte On the applicability of a universal elastic trench profile Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 31 1976 239-246
5. R.W. Carlson R.E. Johnson M.S. Anderson Sulfuric acid on Europa and the radiolytic sulfur cycle Science 286 1999 97-99
6. M.H. Carr M.J.S. Belton C.R. Chapman M.E. Davies P. Geissler R. Greenberg A.S. McEwen B.R. Tufts R. Greeley R. Sullivan J.W. Head R.T. Pappalardo K.P. Klaasen T.V. Johnson J. Kaufman D. Senske J. Moore G. Neukum G. Schubert J.A. Burns P. Thomas J. Veverka Evidence for a subsurface ocean on Europa Nature 391 1998 363-365
7. F.C. Chuang P.H. Figueredo R.L. Kirk R. Greeley Europa's "Mitten": Estimate of ice thickness using an elastic plate model Proc. Lunar Sci. Conf. 32 2001 Abstract 1848 [CD-ROM]
8. C.F. Chyba C.B. Phillips Possible ecosystems and the search for life on Europa Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 98 2001 801-804
9. R.P. Comer Thick plate flexure Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 72 1983 101-113
10. R.P. Comer S.C. Solomon J.W. Head Mars: Thickness of lithosphere from the tectonic response to volcanic loads Rev. Geophys. 23 1985 61-92
11. P.H. Figueredo R. Greeley Resurfacing history of Europa from pole-to-pole geological mapping Icarus 167 2004 287-312
12. P.H. Figueredo F.C. Chuang J. Rathbun R.L. Kirk R. Greeley Geology and origin of Europa's "Mitten" feature (Murias Chaos) J. Geophys. Res. 107 2002 10.1029/2001JE001591 5026
13. P.H. Figueredo R. Greeley S. Neuer L. Irwin D. Schulze-Makuch Locating potential biosignatures on Europa from surface geology observations Astrobiology 3 2003 851-861
14. M.P. Golombek W.B. Banerdt Constraints on the subsurface structure of Europa Icarus 83 1990 441-452
15. R. Greeley R. Sullivan J. Klemaszewski K. Homan J.W. Head R.T. Pappalardo J. Veverka B.E. Clark T.V. Johnson K.P. Klassen M. Belton J. Moore E. Asphaug M.H. Carr G. Neukam T. Denk C.R. Chapman C.B. Pilcher P. Geissler R. Greenberg R. Tufts Europa: Initial Galileo geological observations Icarus 135 1998 4-24
16. R. Greenberg P. Geissler G.V. Hoppa B.R. Tufts D.D. Durda R. Pappalardo J.W. Head R. Greeley R. Sullivan M.H. Carr Tectonic processes on Europa: Tidal stresses, mechanical response, and visible features Icarus 135 1998 64-78
17. R. Greenberg P. Geissler B.R. Tufts G.V. Hoppa Habitability of Europa's crust: The role of tidal-tectonic processes J. Geophys. Res. 105 2000 17551-17562
18. R.N. Harris D.S. Chapman A comparison of mechanical thickness estimates from trough and seamount loading in the southeastern Gulf of Alaska J. Geophys. Res. 99 1994 9297-9317
19. G.V. Hoppa B.R. Tufts R. Greenberg P.E. Geissler Formation of cycloidal features on Europa Science 285 1999 1899-1902
20. G.V. Hoppa B.R. Tufts R. Greenberg P.E. Geissler Strike-slip faults on Europa: Global shear patterns driven by tidal stress Icarus 141 1999 287-298
21. G.V. Hoppa B.R. Tufts R. Greenberg T.A. Hurford D.P. O'Brien P.E. Geissler Europa's rate of rotation derived from the tectonic sequence in the Astypalaea region Icarus 153 2001 208-213
22. T.A. Hurford B. Preblich R.A. Beyer R. Greenberg Flexure of Europa's lithosphere due to ridge-loading Proc. Lunar Sci. Conf. 35 2004 Abstract 1831 [CD-ROM]
23. H. Hussmann T. Spohn K. Wieczerkowski Thermal equilibrium states of Europa's ice shell: Implications for internal ocean thickness and surface heat flow Icarus 156 2002 143-151
24. S.D. Kadel R. Greeley Order from chaos: Determining regional ice lithosphere thickness variations on Europa using isostatic modeling of chaos regions Proc. Lunar Sci. Conf. 31 2000 Abstract 2091 [CD-ROM]
25. S.D. Kadel F.C. Chuang R. Greeley J.M. Moore the Galileo SSI Team Geological history of the Tyre region of Europa: A regional perspective on Europan surface features and ice thickness J. Geophys. Res. 105 2000 22657-22669
26. S.A. Kattenhorn Nonsynchronous rotation evidence and fracture history in the Bright Plains Region, Europa Icarus 157 2002 490-506
27. S.A. Kattenhorn What is (and isn't) wrong with both the tension and shear failure models for the formation of lineae on Europa Workshop on Europa's Icy Shell: Past, Present, and Future, LPI Contribution No. 1195 2004 Lunar and Planetary Institute Houston 38-39
28. C.P. Knowles H.L. Brode The theory of cratering phenomena, an overview in: D.J. Roddy R.O. Pepin R.B. Merrill (Eds) Impact and Explosion Cratering 1977 Pergamon New York 869-895
29. K. Lambeck S.M. Nakibouglu Seamount loading and stress in the ocean lithosphere J. Geophys. Res. 85 1980 6403-6418
30. B.K. Lucchitta L.A. Soderblom Geology of Europa in: D. Morrison (Eds) Satellites of Jupiter 1982 Univ. of Arizona Press Tucson, AZ 521-555
31. T.B. McCord G.B. Hansen F.P. Fanale R.W. Carlson D.L. Matson T.V. Johnson W.D. Smythe J.K. Crowley P.D. Martin A. Ocampo C.A. Hibbitts J.C. Granahan the NIMS Team Salts on Europa's surface detected by Galileo's near infrared mapping spectrometer Science 280 1998 1242-1254
32. T.B. McCord T.M. Orlando G.B. Hansen C.A. Hibbitts Hydrated materials on Europa's surface: Review of current knowledge and latest results Workshop on Europa's Icy Shell: Past, Present, and Future, LPI Contribution No. 1195 2004 Lunar and Planetary Institute Houston 51-52
33. W.B. McKinnon Convective instability in Europa's floating ice shell Geophys. Res. Lett. 26 1999 951-954
34. W.B. McKinnon Overview of Europa's icy shell: Questions of thickness, composition, rheology, tectonics, and astrobiological potential Workshop on Europa's Icy Shell: Past, Present, and Future, LPI Contribution No. 1195 2004 Lunar and Planetary Institute Houston 53-54
35. M. Mellor Mechanical behavior of sea ice in; N. Untersteiner (Eds) The Geophysics of Sea Ice 1986 Plenum Press New York 165-281
36. J.M. Moore E. Asphaug R.J. Sullivan J.E. Klemaszewski K.C. Bender R. Greeley P.E. Geissler A.S. McEwen E.P. Turtle C.B. Phillips B.R. Tufts J.W. Head R.T. Pappalardo K.B. Jones C.R. Chapman M.J.S. Belton R.L. Kirk D. Morrison Large impact features on Europa: Results of the Galileo nominal mission Icarus 135 1998 127-145
37. J.M. Moore E. Asphaug M.J.S. Belton B. Bierhaus H.H. Breneman S.M. Brooks C.R. Chapman F.C. Chuang G.C. Collins B. Giese R. Greeley J.W. Head III S. Kadel K.P. Klaasen J.E. Klemaszewski K.P. Magee J. Moreau D. Morrison G. Neukum R.T. Pappalardo C.B. Phillips P.M. Schenk D.A. Senske R.J. Sullivan E.P. Turtle K.K. Williams Impact features on Europa: Results of the Galileo Europa Mission (GEM) Icarus 151 2001 93-111
38. F. Nimmo What is the Young's modulus of ice? In: Workshop on Europa's Icy Shell: Past, Present, and Future, LPI Contribution No. 1195 2004 Lunar and Planetary Institute Houston 60-61
39. F. Nimmo Dynamics of rifting and modes of extension on icy satellites J. Geophys. Res. 109 2004 10.1029/2003JE002168 1-13, E01003
40. F. Nimmo E. Gaidos Strike-slip motion and double ridge formation on Europa J. Geophys. Res. 107 2002 10.1029/2000/JE001476 5-1-5-8, 5021
41. F. Nimmo B. Giese R.T. Pappalardo Estimates of Europa's ice shell thickness from elastically-supported topography Geophys. Res. Lett. 30 2003 10.1029/2002GL016660 1233
42. G.W. Ojakangas D.J. Stevenson Thermal state of an ice shell on Europa Icarus 81 1989 220-241
43. R. Pappalardo M.D. Coon A sea ice analog for the surface of Europa Proc. Lunar Sci. Conf. 27 1996 997-998
44. R.T. Pappalardo R. Sullivan Evidence for separation across a gray band on Europa Icarus 123 1996 557-567
45. R.T. Pappalardo A.C. Barr Domes on Europa: The role of thermally induced compositional diapirism Workshop on Europa's Icy Shell: Past, Present, and Future, LPI Contribution No. 1195 2004 Lunar and Planetary Institute Houston 64-65
46. R.T. Pappalardo J.W. Head R. Greeley R.J. Sullivan C. Pilcher G. Schubert W.B. Moore M.H. Carr J.M. Moore M.J.S. Belton D.L. Goldsby Geological evidence for solid-state convection in Europa's ice shell Nature 391 1998 365-367
47. R.T. Pappalardo M.J.S. Belton H.H. Breneman M.H. Carr C.R. Chapman G.C. Collins T. Denk S. Fagents P.E. Geissler B. Giese R. Greeley R. Greenberg J.W. Head P. Helenstein G. Hoppa S.D. Kadel K.P. Klaasen J.E. Klemaszewski K. Magee A.S. McEwen J.M. Moore W.B. Moore G. Neukum C.B. Phillips L.M. Prockter G. Schubert D.A. Senske R.J. Sullivan B.R. Tufts E.P. Turtle R. Wagner K.K. Williams Does Europa have a subsurface ocean? Evaluation of the geological evidence J. Geophys. Res. 104 1999 24015-24057
48. V.F. Petrenko R.W. Whitworth Physics of Ice 1999 Oxford Univ. Press New York
49. L.M. Prockter R.T. Pappalardo R. Sullivan J.W. Head J.G. Patel B. Giese R. Wagner G. Neukum R. Greeley Morphology and evolution of Europan bands: Investigation of a seafloor spreading analog Proc. Lunar Sci. Conf. 30 1999 Abstract 1900 [CD-ROM]
50. L.M. Prockter J.W. Head III R.T. Pappalardo R.J. Sullivan A.E. Clifton B. Giese R. Wagner G. Neukum Morphology of Europan bands at high resolution: A mid ocean ridge-type rift mechanism J. Geophys. Res. 107 2002 10.1029/2000JE001458 4-1-4-26, 5028
51. J.A. Rathbun G.S. Musser Jr. S.W. Squyres Ice diapirs on Europa: Implications for liquid water Geophys. Res. Lett. 25 1998 4157-4160
52. P.M. Schenk Thickness constraints on the icy shells of the Galilean satellites from a comparison of crater shapes Nature 417 2002 419-421
53. P.M. Schenk W.B. McKinnon Fault offsets and lateral crustal movement of Europa: Evidence for a mobile ice shell Icarus 79 1989 75-100
54. R.A. Schultz M.T. Zuber Observations, models, and mechanisms of failure of surface rocks surrounding planetary surface loads J. Geophys. Res. 99 1994 14691-14702
55. C. Sotin J.W. Head G. Tobie Europa: Tidal heating of upwelling thermal plumes and the origin of lenticulae and chaos melting Geophys. Res. Lett. 29 2002 10.1029/2001GL013844
56. C. Sotin G. Choblet J.W. Head A. Mocquet G. Tobie Thermal evolution of Europa's icy crust Workshop on Europa's Icy Shell: Past, Present, and Future, LPI Contribution No. 1195 2004 Lunar and Planetary Institute Houston 84-85
57. R. Sullivan R. Greeley K. Homan J. Klemaszewski M.J.S. Belton M.H. Carr C.R. Chapman R. Tufts J.W. Head III R. Pappalardo J. Moore P. Thomas the Galileo Imaging Team Episodic plate separation and fracture infill on the surface of Europa Nature 391 1998 371-373
58. Tufts, R.B., 1998. Lithospheric Displacement Features on Europa and their Interpretation, Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. of Arizona, Tucson
59. D.L. Turcotte G. Schubert Geodynamics: Application of Continuum Physics to Geological Problems 1982 Wiley New York pp. 112-129
60. E.P. Turtle E. Pierazzo Thickness of an Europan ice shell from impact crater simulations Science 294 2001 1326-1328
61. E.P. Turtle B.A. Ivanov Numerical simulations of impact crater excavation and collapse on Europa: Implications for ice thickness Proc. Lunar Sci. Conf. 33 2002 Abstract 1431 [CD-ROM]
62. A.B. Watts Isostasy and Flexure of the Lithosphere 2001 Cambridge Univ. Press Cambridge, UK 478 pp
63. R.I. Walcott Flexure of the lithosphere at Hawaii Tectonophysics 9 1970 435-446
64. K.K. Williams R. Greeley Estimates of ice thickness in the Conamara Chaos region of Europa Geophys. Res. Lett. 25 1998 4273-4276