메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 104, Issue E10, 1999, Pages 24015-24055

Does Europa have a subsurface ocean? Evaluation of the geological evidence

(32)  Pappalardo, R T a   Belton, M J S b   Breneman, H H c   Carr, M H d   Chapman, C R e   Collins, G C a   Denk, T f   Fagents, S g   Geissler, P E h   Giese, B f   Greeley, R g   Greenberg, R h   Head, J W a   Helfenstein, P i   Hoppa, G h   Kadel, S D g   Klaasen, K P c   Klemaszewski, J E g   Magee, K c,j   McEwen, A S h   more..


Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EUROPA; JUPITER; SATELLITE; WATER;

EID: 0033604183     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/1998JE000628     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (375)

References (207)
  • 1
    • 0023501346 scopus 로고
    • Ice-covered water volcanism on Ganymede
    • Allison, M. L., and S. M. Clifford, Ice-covered water volcanism on Ganymede, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 7865-7876, 1987.
    • (1987) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.92 , pp. 7865-7876
    • Allison, M.L.1    Clifford, S.M.2
  • 2
    • 0029767551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Galileo gravity results and the internal structure of Io
    • Anderson, J. D., W. L. Sjogren, and G. Schubert, Galileo gravity results and the internal structure of Io, Science, 272, 709-712, 1996.
    • (1996) Science , vol.272 , pp. 709-712
    • Anderson, J.D.1    Sjogren, W.L.2    Schubert, G.3
  • 3
    • 0030619671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Europa's differentiated internal structure: Inferences from two Galileo encounters
    • Anderson, J. D., E. L. Lau, W. L. Sjogren, G. Schubert, and W. B. Moore, Europa's differentiated internal structure: Inferences from two Galileo encounters, Science, 276, 1236-1239, 1997.
    • (1997) Science , vol.276 , pp. 1236-1239
    • Anderson, J.D.1    Lau, E.L.2    Sjogren, W.L.3    Schubert, G.4    Moore, W.B.5
  • 5
    • 0032566557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Europa's differentiated internal structure: Inferences from four Galileo encounters
    • Anderson, J. D., G. Schubert, R. A. Jacobsen, E. L. Lau, W. B. Moore, and W. L. Sjogren, Europa's differentiated internal structure: Inferences from four Galileo encounters, Science, 281, 2019-2022, 1998b.
    • (1998) Science , vol.281 , pp. 2019-2022
    • Anderson, J.D.1    Schubert, G.2    Jacobsen, R.A.3    Lau, E.L.4    Moore, W.B.5    Sjogren, W.L.6
  • 6
    • 0001603062 scopus 로고
    • Submarine hydrothermal vents and associated gradient environments as sites for the origin and evolution of life
    • Baross, J. A., and S. E. Hoffman, Submarine hydrothermal vents and associated gradient environments as sites for the origin and evolution of life, Origin Life Evol. Biosphere, 15, 327-345, 1985.
    • (1985) Origin Life Evol. Biosphere , vol.15 , pp. 327-345
    • Baross, J.A.1    Hoffman, S.E.2
  • 9
    • 0029659602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Galileo's first images of Jupiter and the Galilean satellites
    • Belton, M. J. S., et al., Galileo's first images of Jupiter and the Galilean satellites, Science, 274, 377-385, 1996.
    • (1996) Science , vol.274 , pp. 377-385
    • Belton, M.J.S.1
  • 10
    • 0006836924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secondary cratering on Europa: A chronology of the Pwyll impact event and the Conamara region
    • Bierhaus, B., et al., Secondary cratering on Europa: A chronology of the Pwyll impact event and the Conamara region (abstract), Eos Trans. AGU, 79, Spring Meet. Suppl., S198, 1998.
    • (1998) Eos Trans. AGU , vol.79 , Issue.SPRING MEET. SUPPL.
    • Bierhaus, B.1
  • 11
    • 0002452824 scopus 로고
    • Flexure of a liquid-filled spherical shell in a radial gravity field
    • Brotchie, J. F., Flexure of a liquid-filled spherical shell in a radial gravity field, Mod. Geol., 3, 15-23, 1971.
    • (1971) Mod. Geol. , vol.3 , pp. 15-23
    • Brotchie, J.F.1
  • 12
    • 18144435537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a subsurface ocean on Europa
    • Carr, M. H., et al., Evidence for a subsurface ocean on Europa, Nature, 391, 363-365, 1998.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.391 , pp. 363-365
    • Carr, M.H.1
  • 15
    • 0002138372 scopus 로고
    • Structure and thermal evolution of the Galilean satellites
    • edited by D. Morrison, Univ. of Ariz. Press, Tucson
    • Cassen, P. M., S. J. Peale, and R. T. Reynolds, Structure and thermal evolution of the Galilean satellites, in Satellites of Jupiter edited by D. Morrison, pp. 93-128, Univ. of Ariz. Press, Tucson, 1982.
    • (1982) Satellites of Jupiter , pp. 93-128
    • Cassen, P.M.1    Peale, S.J.2    Reynolds, R.T.3
  • 18
    • 0007513177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cratering in the Jovian system: Intersatellite comparisons
    • [CD-ROM], abstract 1927
    • Chapman, C. R., W. J. Merline, B. Bierhaus, S. Brooks, and the Galileo Imaging Team, Cratering in the Jovian system: Intersatellite comparisons, Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., [CD-ROM], XXIX, abstract 1927, 1998.
    • (1998) Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. , vol.29
    • Chapman, C.R.1    Merline, W.J.2    Bierhaus, B.3    Brooks, S.4
  • 19
    • 4243304916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Europa: Geomorphologic mapping and stereo analysis of chaos regions southeast of the Tyre multi-ringed impact structure
    • Chuang, F. C., S. D. Kadel, J. E. Klemaszewski, R. Greeley, and the Galileo SSI Team, Europa: Geomorphologic mapping and stereo analysis of chaos regions southeast of the Tyre multi-ringed impact structure, (abstract), Eos Trans. AGU, 79, Fall Meet. Suppl., F540-F541, 1999.
    • (1999) Eos Trans. AGU , vol.79 , Issue.FALL MEET. SUPPL.
    • Chuang, F.C.1    Kadel, S.D.2    Klemaszewski, J.E.3    Greeley, R.4
  • 20
    • 0028975815 scopus 로고
    • The origin of life in the solar system: Current issues
    • Chyba, C. F. and G. D. McDonald, The origin of life in the solar system: Current issues, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 23, 215-250, 1995.
    • (1995) Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. , vol.23 , pp. 215-250
    • Chyba, C.F.1    McDonald, G.D.2
  • 21
    • 0001095457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radar detectability of a subsurface ocean on Europa
    • Chyba, C. F., S. J. Ostro, and B. C. Edwards, Radar detectability of a subsurface ocean on Europa, Icarus, 134, 292-302, 1998.
    • (1998) Icarus , vol.134 , pp. 292-302
    • Chyba, C.F.1    Ostro, S.J.2    Edwards, B.C.3
  • 22
    • 17144403346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Europa and Titan: Preliminary recommendations of the Campaign Science Working Group on Prebiotic Chemistry in the Outer Solar System
    • [CD-ROM], abstract 1537
    • Chyba, C. F., et al., Europa and Titan: Preliminary recommendations of the Campaign Science Working Group on Prebiotic Chemistry in the Outer Solar System, Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., [CD-ROM], XXX, abstract 1537, 1999.
    • (1999) Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. , vol.30
    • Chyba, C.F.1
  • 24
    • 0002110294 scopus 로고
    • Electrolytic currents in Europa
    • Colburn, D. S., and R. T. Reynolds, Electrolytic currents in Europa, Icarus, 63, 39-44, 1985.
    • (1985) Icarus , vol.63 , pp. 39-44
    • Colburn, D.S.1    Reynolds, R.T.2
  • 25
    • 0032004301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of extensional instability in creating Ganymede grooved terrain: Insights from Galileo high-resolution stereo imaging
    • Collins, G. C., J. W. Head, and R. T. Pappalardo, The role of extensional instability in creating Ganymede grooved terrain: Insights from Galileo high-resolution stereo imaging, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 233-236, 1998.
    • (1998) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.25 , pp. 233-236
    • Collins, G.C.1    Head, J.W.2    Pappalardo, R.T.3
  • 26
    • 16644373159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating models for the formation of chaotic terrain on Europa
    • [CD-ROM], abstract 1434
    • Collins, G. C., J. W. Head, R. T. Pappalardo, and N. A. Spaun, Evaluating models for the formation of chaotic terrain on Europa, Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., [CD-ROM], XXX, abstract 1434, 1999.
    • (1999) Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. , vol.30
    • Collins, G.C.1    Head, J.W.2    Pappalardo, R.T.3    Spaun, N.A.4
  • 27
    • 0002328509 scopus 로고
    • Mars: Thickness of the lithosphere from the tectonic response to volcanic loads
    • Comer, R. P., S. C. Solomon, and J. W. Head, Mars: Thickness of the lithosphere from the tectonic response to volcanic loads, Rev. Geophys., 23, 61-92, 1985.
    • (1985) Rev. Geophys. , vol.23 , pp. 61-92
    • Comer, R.P.1    Solomon, S.C.2    Head, J.W.3
  • 29
    • 0001803247 scopus 로고
    • Structural and thermal models of icy Galilean satellites
    • edited by T. Gehrels, Univ. of Ariz. Press, Tucson
    • Consolmagno, G. J. and J. S. Lewis, Structural and thermal models of icy Galilean satellites, in Jupiter, edited by T. Gehrels, pp. 1035-1051, Univ. of Ariz. Press, Tucson, 1976.
    • (1976) Jupiter , pp. 1035-1051
    • Consolmagno, G.J.1    Lewis, J.S.2
  • 32
    • 0000398049 scopus 로고
    • Standard techniques for presentation and analysis of crater size-frequency data
    • Crater Analysis Techniques Working Group, Standard techniques for presentation and analysis of crater size-frequency data, Icarus, 37, 467-474, 1979.
    • (1979) Icarus , vol.37 , pp. 467-474
  • 33
    • 0002024672 scopus 로고
    • Gas-driven water volcanism and the resurfacing of Europa
    • Crawford, G. D., and D. J. Stevenson, Gas-driven water volcanism and the resurfacing of Europa, Icarus, 73, 66-79, 1988.
    • (1988) Icarus , vol.73 , pp. 66-79
    • Crawford, G.D.1    Stevenson, D.J.2
  • 34
    • 0020845893 scopus 로고
    • A proposed origin for palimpsests and anomalous pit craters on Ganymede and Callisto
    • Croft, S. K., A proposed origin for palimpsests and anomalous pit craters on Ganymede and Callisto, Proc. Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. 14th, Part I, J. Geophys. Res., 88, suppl., B71-B89, 1983.
    • (1983) Proc. Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. 14th, Part I, J. Geophys. Res. , vol.88 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Croft, S.K.1
  • 35
    • 17144407515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observational constraints on Europa's surface composition from Galileo NIMS data
    • [CD-ROM], abstract 2064
    • Dalton, J. B. and R. N. Clark, Observational constraints on Europa's surface composition from Galileo NIMS data, Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., [CD-ROM], XXX, abstract 2064, 1999.
    • (1999) Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. , vol.30
    • Dalton, J.B.1    Clark, R.N.2
  • 37
    • 0001882867 scopus 로고
    • Disk-resolved photometric analysis of Europan terrains
    • Domingue, D. L., and B. Hapke, Disk-resolved photometric analysis of Europan terrains, Icarus, 99, 70-81, 1992.
    • (1992) Icarus , vol.99 , pp. 70-81
    • Domingue, D.L.1    Hapke, B.2
  • 38
    • 0031184879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Re-analysis of the solar phase curves of the icy Galilean satellites
    • Domingue, D., and A. Verbiscer, Re-analysis of the solar phase curves of the icy Galilean satellites, Icarus, 128, 49-74, 1997.
    • (1997) Icarus , vol.128 , pp. 49-74
    • Domingue, D.1    Verbiscer, A.2
  • 39
    • 0002445531 scopus 로고
    • Europa's phase curve: Implications for surface structure
    • Domingue, D. L., B. W. Hapke, G. W. Lockwood, and D. T. Thompson, Europa's phase curve: Implications for surface structure, Icarus, 90, 30-42, 1991.
    • (1991) Icarus , vol.90 , pp. 30-42
    • Domingue, D.L.1    Hapke, B.W.2    Lockwood, G.W.3    Thompson, D.T.4
  • 41
    • 0031413672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Creep of water ices at planetary conditions: A compilation
    • Durham, W. B., S. H. Kirby, and L. A. Stern, Creep of water ices at planetary conditions: A compilation, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 16,293-16,302, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102
    • Durham, W.B.1    Kirby, S.H.2    Stern, L.A.3
  • 42
    • 0031306426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Europa Ocean Discovery Mission
    • Instruments, Methods, and Missions for the Investigation of Extraterrestrial Microorganisms, edited by R. B. Hoover
    • Edwards, B. C., et al., The Europa Ocean Discovery Mission, in Instruments, Methods, and Missions for the Investigation of Extraterrestrial Microorganisms, edited by R. B. Hoover, Proc. SPIE Int. Soc. Opt. Erg., 3111, 249-261, 1997.
    • (1997) Proc. SPIE Int. Soc. Opt. Erg. , vol.3111 , pp. 249-261
    • Edwards, B.C.1
  • 43
    • 0001331866 scopus 로고
    • Europan surface phenomena
    • Eviatar, A., A. Bar-Nun, and M. Podolak, Europan surface phenomena, Icarus, 61, 185-191, 1985.
    • (1985) Icarus , vol.61 , pp. 185-191
    • Eviatar, A.1    Bar-Nun, A.2    Podolak, M.3
  • 44
    • 0007506636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explosive venting on Europa? A preliminary assessment
    • Fagents, S. A., R. Greeley, and the Galileo SSI Team, Explosive venting on Europa? A preliminary assessment, Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., XXVIII, 345-346, 1997.
    • (1997) Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. , vol.28 , pp. 345-346
    • Fagents, S.A.1    Greeley, R.2
  • 45
    • 1542311467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Styles of cryovolcanism on Europa: Summary of evidence from the Galileo nominal mission
    • [CD ROM], abstract 1721
    • Fagents, S. A., S. D. Kadel, R. Greeley, R. L. Kirk, and the Galileo SSI team, Styles of cryovolcanism on Europa: Summary of evidence from the Galileo nominal mission, Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., [CD ROM], XXIX, abstract 1721, 1998.
    • (1998) Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. , vol.29
    • Fagents, S.A.1    Kadel, S.D.2    Greeley, R.3    Kirk, R.L.4
  • 46
    • 17144373585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryomagmatic mechanisms for the formation of Rhadamanthys Linea, triple band margins, and other low albedo features on Europa
    • in press
    • Fagents, S. A., R. Greeley, R. J. Sullivan, R. T. Pappalardo, and L. M. Prockter, Cryomagmatic mechanisms for the formation of Rhadamanthys Linea, triple band margins, and other low albedo features on Europa, Icarus, in press, 1999.
    • (1999) Icarus
    • Fagents, S.A.1    Greeley, R.2    Sullivan, R.J.3    Pappalardo, R.T.4    Prockter, L.M.5
  • 47
    • 0002647717 scopus 로고
    • Io's surface and the histories of the Galilean satellites
    • edited by J. Burns, Univ. of Ariz. Press, Tucson
    • Fanale, F. P., T. V. Johnson, and D. L. Matson, Io's surface and the histories of the Galilean satellites, in Planetary Satellites, edited by J. Burns, pp. 379-405, Univ. of Ariz. Press, Tucson, 1977.
    • (1977) Planetary Satellites , pp. 379-405
    • Fanale, F.P.1    Johnson, T.V.2    Matson, D.L.3
  • 48
    • 0011102671 scopus 로고
    • The effect of volume phase changes, mass transport, sunlight penetration, and densification on the thermal regime of icy regoliths
    • Fanale, F. P., J. R. Salvail, D. L. Matson, and R. H. Brown, The effect of volume phase changes, mass transport, sunlight penetration, and densification on the thermal regime of icy regoliths, Icarus, 88, 193-204, 1990.
    • (1990) Icarus , vol.88 , pp. 193-204
    • Fanale, F.P.1    Salvail, J.R.2    Matson, D.L.3    Brown, R.H.4
  • 50
    • 38249021187 scopus 로고
    • Thermal-orbital histories of viscoelastic models of Io (J1)
    • Fischer, H.-J., and T. Spohn, Thermal-orbital histories of viscoelastic models of Io (J1), Icarus, 83, 39-65, 1990.
    • (1990) Icarus , vol.83 , pp. 39-65
    • Fischer, H.-J.1    Spohn, T.2
  • 51
    • 0007433371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The local topography of Europa: Stereo analysis of Galileo SSI images and implications for geology
    • Giese, B., R. Wagner, and G. Neukum, The local topography of Europa: Stereo analysis of Galileo SSI images and implications for geology (abstract), Geophys. Res. Abstr., 1, 742, 1999.
    • (1999) Geophys. Res. Abstr. , vol.1 , pp. 742
    • Giese, B.1    Wagner, R.2    Neukum, G.3
  • 52
    • 0038961980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Galileo multispectral imaging of Europa: Evidence for non-synchronous rotation
    • Geissler, P. E., et al., Galileo multispectral imaging of Europa: Evidence for non-synchronous rotation, Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., XXVIII, 401-402, 1997.
    • (1997) Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. , vol.28 , pp. 401-402
    • Geissler, P.E.1
  • 53
    • 0032556888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for non-synchronous rotation of Europa
    • Geissler, P. E., et al., Evidence for non-synchronous rotation of Europa, Nature, 391, 368-370, 1998a.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.391 , pp. 368-370
    • Geissler, P.E.1
  • 54
    • 0007464506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A recently active lineament on Europa?
    • [CD-ROM], abstract 1904
    • Geissler, P. E., et al., A recently active lineament on Europa?, Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., [CD-ROM], XXIX, abstract 1904, 1998b.
    • (1998) Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. , vol.29
    • Geissler, P.E.1
  • 55
    • 0001371279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of lineaments on Europa: Clues from Galileo multispectral imaging observations
    • Geissler, P. E., et al., Evolution of lineaments on Europa: Clues from Galileo multispectral imaging observations, Icarus, 135, 107-126, 1998c.
    • (1998) Icarus , vol.135 , pp. 107-126
    • Geissler, P.E.1
  • 56
    • 0002159603 scopus 로고
    • Final spin states of planets and satellites
    • Goldreich, P., Final spin states of planets and satellites, Astrophys. J., 71, 1-7, 1966.
    • (1966) Astrophys. J. , vol.71 , pp. 1-7
    • Goldreich, P.1
  • 57
    • 0031272292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grain boundary sliding in fine-grained ice I
    • Goldsby, D. L., and D. L. Kohlstedt, Grain boundary sliding in fine-grained ice I, Ser. Mater., 37, 1399-1406, 1997a.
    • (1997) Ser. Mater. , vol.37 , pp. 1399-1406
    • Goldsby, D.L.1    Kohlstedt, D.L.2
  • 58
    • 0000797466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flow of Ice I by dislocation, grain boundary sliding, and diffusion processes
    • Goldsby, D. L., and D. L. Kohlstedt, Flow of Ice I by dislocation, grain boundary sliding, and diffusion processes (abstract), Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., XXVIII, 429-430, 1997b.
    • (1997) Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. , vol.28 , pp. 429-430
    • Goldsby, D.L.1    Kohlstedt, D.L.2
  • 59
    • 0000486115 scopus 로고
    • Constraints on the subsurface structure of Europa
    • Golombek, M. P., and W. B. Banerdt, Constraints on the subsurface structure of Europa, Icarus, 83, 441-452, 1990.
    • (1990) Icarus , vol.83 , pp. 441-452
    • Golombek, M.P.1    Banerdt, W.B.2
  • 60
    • 0000162665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Galileo multi-instrument study of Europa's color heterogeneities
    • Granahan, J. C., et al., A Galileo multi-instrument study of Europa's color heterogeneities, Bull. Am. Astron. Soc., 29, 982, 1997.
    • (1997) Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. , vol.29 , pp. 982
    • Granahan, J.C.1
  • 61
    • 0008950271 scopus 로고
    • Experimental simulation of impact cratering on icy satellites
    • edited by D. Morrison, Univ. of Ariz. Press, Tucson
    • Greeley, R., J. H. Fink, D. E. Gault, and J. E. Guest, Experimental simulation of impact cratering on icy satellites, in Satellites of Jupiter, edited by D. Morrison, pp. 340-378, Univ. of Ariz. Press, Tucson, 1982.
    • (1982) Satellites of Jupiter , pp. 340-378
    • Greeley, R.1    Fink, J.H.2    Gault, D.E.3    Guest, J.E.4
  • 63
    • 0039572480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Europa: Initial Galileo geological observations
    • Greeley, R., et al., Europa: Initial Galileo geological observations, Icarus, 135, 4-24, 1998b.
    • (1998) Icarus , vol.135 , pp. 4-24
    • Greeley, R.1
  • 64
    • 0000737182 scopus 로고
    • Orbital evolution of the Galilean satellites
    • edited by D. Morrison, Univ. of Ariz. Press, Tucson
    • Greenberg, R., Orbital evolution of the Galilean satellites, in Satellites of Jupiter, edited by D. Morrison, pp. 65-92, Univ. of Ariz. Press, Tucson, 1982.
    • (1982) Satellites of Jupiter , pp. 65-92
    • Greenberg, R.1
  • 65
    • 0001228534 scopus 로고
    • Galilean satellites: Evolutionary paths in deep resonance
    • Greenberg, R., Galilean satellites: Evolutionary paths in deep resonance, Icarus, 70, 334-347, 1987.
    • (1987) Icarus , vol.70 , pp. 334-347
    • Greenberg, R.1
  • 66
    • 0001613192 scopus 로고
    • How fast do the Galilean satellites spin?
    • Greenberg, R., and S. T. Weidenschilling, How fast do the Galilean satellites spin?, Icarus, 58, 186-196, 1984.
    • (1984) Icarus , vol.58 , pp. 186-196
    • Greenberg, R.1    Weidenschilling, S.T.2
  • 68
    • 0000425062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chaos regions: Widespread melt-through to the surface of Europa?
    • Greenberg, R., G. Hoppa, R. Tufts, and P. Geissler, Chaos regions: Widespread melt-through to the surface of Europa?, Bull. Am. Astron. Soc., 30, 1086, 1998b.
    • (1998) Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. , vol.30 , pp. 1086
    • Greenberg, R.1    Hoppa, G.2    Tufts, R.3    Geissler, P.4
  • 69
    • 0002933264 scopus 로고
    • The record of past impacts on Earth
    • edited by T. Gehrels, Univ. of Ariz. Press, Tucson
    • Grieve, R. A. F., and E. M. Shoemaker, The record of past impacts on Earth, in Hazards Due to Comets and Asteroids, edited by T. Gehrels, pp. 417-462, Univ. of Ariz. Press, Tucson, 1994.
    • (1994) Hazards Due to Comets and Asteroids , pp. 417-462
    • Grieve, R.A.F.1    Shoemaker, E.M.2
  • 70
    • 17144370857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural electromagnetic exploration for water on Mars and Europa
    • [CD-ROM], abstract 1442
    • Grimm, R. E., Natural electromagnetic exploration for water on Mars and Europa, Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., [CD-ROM], XXX, abstract 1442, 1999.
    • (1999) Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. , vol.30
    • Grimm, R.E.1
  • 71
    • 0010814912 scopus 로고
    • Bidirectional reflectance spectroscopy, 4, the extinction coefficient and the opposition effect
    • Hapke, B., Bidirectional reflectance spectroscopy, 4, The extinction coefficient and the opposition effect, Icarus, 67, 264-280, 1986.
    • (1986) Icarus , vol.67 , pp. 264-280
    • Hapke, B.1
  • 72
    • 0007552921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brine mobilization during lithospheric heating on Europa: Implications for formation of chaos terrain, lenticulae texture, and color variations
    • [CD-ROM], abstract 1664
    • Head, J. W., and R. T. Pappalardo, Brine mobilization during lithospheric heating on Europa: Implications for formation of chaos terrain, lenticulae texture, and color variations, Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., [CD-ROM], XXX, abstract 1664, 1999.
    • (1999) Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. , vol.30
    • Head, J.W.1    Pappalardo, R.T.2
  • 73
    • 0007508859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origin of ridges and bands on Europa: Morphologic characteristics and evidence for linear diapirism from Galileo data
    • [CD-ROM], abstract 1414
    • Head, J. W., R. T. Pappalardo, R. Greeley, R. Sullivan, and the Galileo Imaging Team, Origin of ridges and bands on Europa: Morphologic characteristics and evidence for linear diapirism from Galileo data, Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., [CD-ROM], XXIX, abstract 1414, 1998a.
    • (1998) Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. , vol.29
    • Head, J.W.1    Pappalardo, R.T.2    Greeley, R.3    Sullivan, R.4
  • 74
    • 0003314648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geologic history of the E4 region of Europa: Implications for ridge formation, cryovolcanism, and chaos formation
    • [CD-ROM], abstract 1412
    • Head, J. W., N. D. Sherman, R. T. Pappalardo, R. Greeley, R. Sullivan, D. A. Senske, A. McEwen, and the Galileo Imaging Team, Geologic history of the E4 region of Europa: Implications for ridge formation, cryovolcanism, and chaos formation, Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., [CD-ROM], XXIX, abstract 1412, 1998b.
    • (1998) Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. , vol.29
    • Head, J.W.1    Sherman, N.D.2    Pappalardo, R.T.3    Greeley, R.4    Sullivan, R.5    Senske, D.A.6    McEwen, A.7
  • 75
    • 0001704821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryovolcanism on Europa: Evidence for the emplacement of flows and related deposits in the E4 region (5N, 305W) and interpreted eruption conditions
    • [CD-ROM], abstract 1491
    • Head, J. W., N. D. Sherman, R. T. Pappalardo, C. Thomas, R. Greeley, and the Galileo SSI team, Cryovolcanism on Europa: Evidence for the emplacement of flows and related deposits in the E4 region (5N, 305W) and interpreted eruption conditions, Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., [CD-ROM], XXIX, abstract 1491, 1998c.
    • (1998) Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. , vol.29
    • Head, J.W.1    Sherman, N.D.2    Pappalardo, R.T.3    Thomas, C.4    Greeley, R.5
  • 76
    • 0033604184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Europa: Morphological characteristics of ridges and triple bands from Galileo data (E4 and E6) and assessment of linear diapirism model
    • Head, J. W., R. T. Pappalardo, R. Sullivan, and the Galileo SSI team, Europa: Morphological characteristics of ridges and triple bands from Galileo data (E4 and E6) and assessment of linear diapirism model, J. Geophys. Res., this issue, 1999.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. , Issue.THIS ISSUE
    • Head, J.W.1    Pappalardo, R.T.2    Sullivan, R.3
  • 77
    • 0007425619 scopus 로고
    • Active venting on Europa? Analysis of a transient bright surface feature
    • Helfenstein, P., and A. F. Cook, Active venting on Europa? Analysis of a transient bright surface feature, (abstract), Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. XV, 531-532, 1984.
    • (1984) Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. , vol.15 , pp. 531-532
    • Helfenstein, P.1    Cook, A.F.2
  • 78
    • 0039649078 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of fracture and tidal stresses due to nonsynchronous rotation: Implications for fracturing on Europa
    • Helfenstein, P., and E. M. Parmentier, Patterns of fracture and tidal stresses due to nonsynchronous rotation: Implications for fracturing on Europa, Icarus, 61, 175-184, 1985.
    • (1985) Icarus , vol.61 , pp. 175-184
    • Helfenstein, P.1    Parmentier, E.M.2
  • 79
    • 0002004931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Galileo obervations of Europa's opposition effect
    • Helfenstein, P., et al., Galileo obervations of Europa's opposition effect, Icarus, 135, 41-63, 1998.
    • (1998) Icarus , vol.135 , pp. 41-63
    • Helfenstein, P.1
  • 80
    • 0000403734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Galileo UVS observations of Europa: Variations in ultraviolet absorber with surface features
    • Hendrix, A. R., Galileo UVS observations of Europa: Variations in ultraviolet absorber with surface features, (abstract), Eos Trans. AGU, 79, Fall Meet. Suppl., F535, 1998.
    • (1998) Eos Trans. AGU , vol.79 , Issue.FALL MEET. SUPPL.
    • Hendrix, A.R.1
  • 81
    • 0024879187 scopus 로고
    • Crater relaxation on Ganymede: Implications for ice rheology
    • Hillgren, V. J., and H. J. Melosh, Crater relaxation on Ganymede: Implications for ice rheology, Geophys. Res. Lett., 16, 1339-1342, 1989.
    • (1989) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.16 , pp. 1339-1342
    • Hillgren, V.J.1    Melosh, H.J.2
  • 82
    • 0003812713 scopus 로고
    • Oxford at the Clarendon Press, London
    • Hobbs, P.V., Ice Physics, 837 pp., Oxford at the Clarendon Press, London, 1974.
    • (1974) Ice Physics
    • Hobbs, P.V.1
  • 83
    • 0003340868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation of cycloidal features on Europa
    • [CD-ROM], abstract 1599
    • Hoppa, G. V., and B. R. Tufts, Formation of cycloidal features on Europa, Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., [CD-ROM], XXX, abstract 1599, 1999.
    • (1999) Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. , vol.30
    • Hoppa, G.V.1    Tufts, B.R.2
  • 85
    • 0033210467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strike-slip faults on Europa: Global shear patterns driven by tidal stress
    • in press
    • Hoppa, G., B. R. Tufts, R. Greenberg, and P. E. Geissler, Strike-slip faults on Europa: Global shear patterns driven by tidal stress, Icarus, in press, 1999.
    • (1999) Icarus
    • Hoppa, G.1    Tufts, B.R.2    Greenberg, R.3    Geissler, P.E.4
  • 87
    • 0032566375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The biological potential of Mars, the early Earth, and Europa
    • Jakosky, B. M., and E. L. Shock, The biological potential of Mars, the early Earth, and Europa, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 19,359-19,364, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103
    • Jakosky, B.M.1    Shock, E.L.2
  • 88
    • 0000462904 scopus 로고
    • Polar frost formation on Ganymede
    • Johnson, R. E., Polar frost formation on Ganymede, Icarus, 62, 344-347, 1995.
    • (1995) Icarus , vol.62 , pp. 344-347
    • Johnson, R.E.1
  • 91
    • 0001548169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trough-bounding ridge pairs on Europa - Considerations for an endogenic model of formation
    • [CD-ROM], abstract 1078
    • Kadel, S. D., S. A. Fagents, R. Greeley, and the Galileo SSI Team, Trough-bounding ridge pairs on Europa - Considerations for an endogenic model of formation, Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., [CD-ROM], XXIX, abstract 1078, 1998.
    • (1998) Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. , vol.29
    • Kadel, S.D.1    Fagents, S.A.2    Greeley, R.3
  • 92
    • 0030441032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A large deep freshwater lake beneath the ice of central East Antarctica
    • Kapitsa, A. P., J. K. Ridley, G. Q. Robin, M. J. Siegert, and I. A. Zotikov, A large deep freshwater lake beneath the ice of central East Antarctica, Nature, 381, 684-686, 1996.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.381 , pp. 684-686
    • Kapitsa, A.P.1    Ridley, J.K.2    Robin, G.Q.3    Siegert, M.J.4    Zotikov, I.A.5
  • 93
    • 0345670886 scopus 로고
    • Brine volcanism and the interior structures of asteroids and icy satellites
    • Kargel, J. S., Brine volcanism and the interior structures of asteroids and icy satellites, Icarus, 94, 368-390, 1991.
    • (1991) Icarus , vol.94 , pp. 368-390
    • Kargel, J.S.1
  • 94
    • 0000304521 scopus 로고
    • Ammonia-water volcanism on icy satellites: Phase relations at 1 atmosphere
    • Kargel, J. S., Ammonia-water volcanism on icy satellites: Phase relations at 1 atmosphere, Icarus, 100, 556-574, 1992.
    • (1992) Icarus , vol.100 , pp. 556-574
    • Kargel, J.S.1
  • 95
    • 2642679313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic fields and the detectability of brine oceans in Jupiter's icy satellites
    • Kargel, J. S. and G. J. Consolmagno, Magnetic fields and the detectability of brine oceans in Jupiter's icy satellites, (abstract), Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., XXVII, 643-644, 1996.
    • (1996) Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. , vol.27 , pp. 643-644
    • Kargel, J.S.1    Consolmagno, G.J.2
  • 99
    • 0000821122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Galileo at Callisto: Overview of nominal mission results
    • [CD-ROM], abstract 1866
    • Klemaszewski, J. E., et al., Galileo at Callisto: Overview of nominal mission results, Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., [CD-ROM], XXIX, abstract 1866, 1998.
    • (1998) Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. , vol.29
    • Klemaszewski, J.E.1
  • 100
    • 4243375127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ridge orientations on Europa: Observations from Galileo images
    • Kraft, M. D., and R. Greeley, Ridge orientations on Europa: Observations from Galileo images, Geol. Soc. Am. Abstr. Programs, 29, A-406, 1997.
    • (1997) Geol. Soc. Am. Abstr. Programs , vol.29
    • Kraft, M.D.1    Greeley, R.2
  • 101
    • 0030120019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is there evidence for polar wander on Europa?
    • Leith, A. C., and W. B. McKinnon, Is there evidence for polar wander on Europa?, Icarus, 120, 387-398, 1996.
    • (1996) Icarus , vol.120 , pp. 387-398
    • Leith, A.C.1    McKinnon, W.B.2
  • 102
    • 0031138888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From the Kuiper Belt to Jupiter-family comets: The spatial distribution of ecliptic comets
    • Levison, H. F., and M. J. Duncan, From the Kuiper Belt to Jupiter-family comets: The spatial distribution of ecliptic comets, Icarus, 117, 13-32, 1997.
    • (1997) Icarus , vol.117 , pp. 13-32
    • Levison, H.F.1    Duncan, M.J.2
  • 103
    • 30244557731 scopus 로고
    • Satellites of the outer planets: Their physical and chemical nature
    • Lewis, J. S., Satellites of the outer planets: Their physical and chemical nature, Icarus, 15, 174-185, 1971.
    • (1971) Icarus , vol.15 , pp. 174-185
    • Lewis, J.S.1
  • 104
    • 0001857233 scopus 로고
    • Geology of Europa
    • edited by D. Morrison, Univ. of Ariz. Press, Tucson
    • Lucchitta, B. K., and L. A. Soderblom, Geology of Europa, in Satellites of Jupiter, pp. 521-555, edited by D. Morrison, Univ. of Ariz. Press, Tucson, 1982.
    • (1982) Satellites of Jupiter , pp. 521-555
    • Lucchitta, B.K.1    Soderblom, L.A.2
  • 105
    • 0001163256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Light and heat in cracks on Europa: Implications for prebiotic synthesis
    • Lunine, J. L., and R. D. Lorenz, Light and heat in cracks on Europa: Implications for prebiotic synthesis, (abstract), Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., XXVIII, 855-856, 1997.
    • (1997) Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. , vol.28 , pp. 855-856
    • Lunine, J.L.1    Lorenz, R.D.2
  • 106
    • 0001382995 scopus 로고
    • Thermodynamics of clathrate hydrate at low and high pressures with application to the outer Solar System
    • Lunine, J. L., and D. J. Stevenson, Thermodynamics of clathrate hydrate at low and high pressures with application to the outer Solar System, Astrophys. J. Suppl., 58, 493-531, 1985.
    • (1985) Astrophys. J. Suppl. , vol.58 , pp. 493-531
    • Lunine, J.L.1    Stevenson, D.J.2
  • 107
    • 0019899271 scopus 로고
    • Mid-ocean ridges: Fine scale tectonic, volcanic and hydrothermal processes within the plate boundary zone
    • Macdonald, K. C., Mid-ocean ridges: Fine scale tectonic, volcanic and hydrothermal processes within the plate boundary zone, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 10, 155-190, 1982.
    • (1982) Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. , vol.10 , pp. 155-190
    • Macdonald, K.C.1
  • 108
    • 0042523388 scopus 로고
    • Tidal origin of the Laplace resonance and the resurfacing of Ganymede
    • Malhotra, R., Tidal origin of the Laplace resonance and the resurfacing of Ganymede, Icarus, 94, 399-412, 1991.
    • (1991) Icarus , vol.94 , pp. 399-412
    • Malhotra, R.1
  • 109
    • 0002422819 scopus 로고
    • Europa
    • edited by J. A. Burns and M. S. Matthews, Univ. of Ariz. Press, Tucson
    • Malin, M. C., and D. C. Pieri, Europa, in Satellites, edited by J. A. Burns and M. S. Matthews, pp. 689-717, Univ. of Ariz. Press, Tucson, 1986.
    • (1986) Satellites , pp. 689-717
    • Malin, M.C.1    Pieri, D.C.2
  • 110
    • 0032557698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Salts on Europa's surface detected by Galileo's Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer
    • McCord, T. B., et al., Salts on Europa's surface detected by Galileo's Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer, Science, 280, 1242-1245, 1998.
    • (1998) Science , vol.280 , pp. 1242-1245
    • McCord, T.B.1
  • 111
    • 17144364330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrated salt minerals on Europa's surface from the Galileo near-infrared mapping spectrometer (NIMS) investigation
    • McCord, T. B., et al., Hydrated salt minerals on Europa's surface from the Galileo near-infrared mapping spectrometer (NIMS) investigation, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 11,827-11,851, 1999.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.104
    • McCord, T.B.1
  • 112
    • 0001578303 scopus 로고
    • Exogenic and endogenic albedo and color patterns on Europa
    • McEwen, A. S., Exogenic and endogenic albedo and color patterns on Europa, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 8077-8097, 1986a.
    • (1986) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.91 , pp. 8077-8097
    • McEwen, A.S.1
  • 113
    • 0002798659 scopus 로고
    • Tidal reorientation and the fracturing of Jupiter's moon Europa
    • McEwen, A. S., Tidal reorientation and the fracturing of Jupiter's moon Europa, Nature, 321, 49-51, 1986b.
    • (1986) Nature , vol.321 , pp. 49-51
    • McEwen, A.S.1
  • 114
    • 0030801687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Phanerozoic impact cratering rate: Evidence from the farside of the Moon
    • McEwen, A. S., J. M. Moore, and E. M. Shoemaker, The Phanerozoic impact cratering rate: Evidence from the farside of the Moon, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 9231-9242, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 9231-9242
    • McEwen, A.S.1    Moore, J.M.2    Shoemaker, E.M.3
  • 115
    • 0030888309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sighting the seas of Europa
    • McKinnon, W. B., Sighting the seas of Europa, Nature, 386, 765-766, 1997.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.386 , pp. 765-766
    • McKinnon, W.B.1
  • 116
    • 0002161669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geodynamics of icy satellites
    • edited by B. Schmitt et al., Kluwer Academic, Norwell, Mass.
    • McKinnon, W. B., Geodynamics of icy satellites, in Solar System Ices, edited by B. Schmitt et al., pp. 525-550, Kluwer Academic, Norwell, Mass., 1998.
    • (1998) Solar System Ices , pp. 525-550
    • McKinnon, W.B.1
  • 117
    • 0033117644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convective instability in Europa's floating ice shell
    • McKinnon, W. B., Convective instability in Europa's floating ice shell, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 951-954, 1999.
    • (1999) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.26 , pp. 951-954
    • McKinnon, W.B.1
  • 118
    • 33746081595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On initiation of convection in Europa's floating ice shell (and the existence of the ocean below)
    • [CD-ROM], abstract 2058
    • McKinnon, W. B., and M. Gurnis, On initiation of convection in Europa's floating ice shell (and the existence of the ocean below), Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., [CD-ROM], XXX, abstract 2058, 1999.
    • (1999) Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. , vol.30
    • McKinnon, W.B.1    Gurnis, M.2
  • 119
    • 0001712342 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of planetary lithospheres: Evidence from multiring basins on Ganymede and Callisto
    • McKinnon, W. B., and H. J. Melosh, Evolution of planetary lithospheres: Evidence from multiring basins on Ganymede and Callisto, Icarus, 44, 454-471, 1980.
    • (1980) Icarus , vol.44 , pp. 454-471
    • McKinnon, W.B.1    Melosh, H.J.2
  • 120
    • 0000211515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large impact features on Europa: Results of the Galileo nominal mission
    • Moore, J. M., et al., Large impact features on Europa: Results of the Galileo nominal mission, Icarus, 135, 127-145, 1998.
    • (1998) Icarus , vol.135 , pp. 127-145
    • Moore, J.M.1
  • 121
    • 0003040508 scopus 로고
    • The infrared spectrum of a laboratory-synthesized residue: Implications for the 3.4 micron interstellar absorption feature
    • Moore, M. H., and B. Donn, The infrared spectrum of a laboratory-synthesized residue: Implications for the 3.4 micron interstellar absorption feature, Astrophys. J., 257, L47-L50, 1982.
    • (1982) Astrophys. J. , vol.257
    • Moore, M.H.1    Donn, B.2
  • 122
    • 0347068942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Rayleigh-Taylor instability model for domes on Europa
    • Moreau, J., R. Greeley, R. Pappalardo, J. W. Head III, and the Galileo Solid State Imaging Team, A Rayleigh-Taylor instability model for domes on Europa, (abstract), Eos Trans. AGU, 46, Fall Meet. Suppl., F415, 1997.
    • (1997) Eos Trans. AGU , vol.46 , Issue.FALL MEET. SUPPL.
    • Moreau, J.1    Greeley, R.2    Pappalardo, R.3    Head III, J.W.4
  • 123
    • 0007425191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bombardment history of the Jovian system
    • edited by C. Barbieri et al., Kluwer Acad., Norwell, Mass.
    • Neukum, G., Bombardment history of the Jovian system, in The Three Galileos: The Man, the Spacecraft, the Telescope, edited by C. Barbieri et al., pp. 201-212, Kluwer Acad., Norwell, Mass., 1997.
    • (1997) The Three Galileos: The Man, the Spacecraft, the Telescope , pp. 201-212
    • Neukum, G.1
  • 124
    • 0002019666 scopus 로고
    • Crater size distributions and impact probabilities on Earth from lunar, terrestrial-planet, and asteroid cratering data
    • edited by T. Gehrels, Univ. of Ariz. Press, Tucson
    • Neukum, G., and B. A. Ivanov, Crater size distributions and impact probabilities on Earth from lunar, terrestrial-planet, and asteroid cratering data, in Hazards Due to Comets and Asteroids, edited by T. Gehrels, pp. 359-416, Univ. of Ariz. Press, Tucson, 1994.
    • (1994) Hazards Due to Comets and Asteroids , pp. 359-416
    • Neukum, G.1    Ivanov, B.A.2
  • 125
    • 0001216251 scopus 로고
    • A study of lunar impact crater size distributions
    • Neukum, G., B. Konig, and J. Arkani-Hamad, A study of lunar impact crater size distributions, Moon, 12, 201-229, 1975.
    • (1975) Moon , vol.12 , pp. 201-229
    • Neukum, G.1    Konig, B.2    Arkani-Hamad, J.3
  • 127
    • 0000516951 scopus 로고
    • The albedo spectrum of Europa from 2200 Å to 3300 Å
    • Noll, K. S., H. A. Weaver, and A. M. Gonnella, The albedo spectrum of Europa from 2200 Å to 3300 Å, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 19,057-19,059, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100
    • Noll, K.S.1    Weaver, H.A.2    Gonnella, A.M.3
  • 128
    • 0000454024 scopus 로고
    • Episodic volcanism of tidally heated satellites with application to Io
    • Ojakangas, G. W., and D. J. Stevenson, Episodic volcanism of tidally heated satellites with application to Io, Icarus, 66, 341-358, 1986.
    • (1986) Icarus , vol.66 , pp. 341-358
    • Ojakangas, G.W.1    Stevenson, D.J.2
  • 129
    • 0000148226 scopus 로고
    • Polar wander of an ice shell on Europa
    • Ojakangas, G. W., and D. J. Stevenson, Polar wander of an ice shell on Europa, Icarus, 81, 242-270, 1989a.
    • (1989) Icarus , vol.81 , pp. 242-270
    • Ojakangas, G.W.1    Stevenson, D.J.2
  • 130
    • 0000148225 scopus 로고
    • Thermal state of an ice shell on Europa
    • Ojakangas, G. W., and D. J. Stevenson, Thermal state of an ice shell on Europa, Icarus, 81, 220-241, 1989b.
    • (1989) Icarus , vol.81 , pp. 220-241
    • Ojakangas, G.W.1    Stevenson, D.J.2
  • 131
    • 0029803847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Galileo photopolarimeter-radiometer observations of Jupiter and the Galilean satellites
    • Orton, G. S., J. R. Spencer, L. D. Travis, T. Z. Martin, and L. K. Tamppari, Galileo photopolarimeter-radiometer observations of Jupiter and the Galilean satellites, Science, 274, 389-392, 1996.
    • (1996) Science , vol.274 , pp. 389-392
    • Orton, G.S.1    Spencer, J.R.2    Travis, L.D.3    Martin, T.Z.4    Tamppari, L.K.5
  • 132
    • 0001681354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A sea ice analog for the surface of Europa
    • Pappalardo, R. T., and M. D. Coon, A sea ice analog for the surface of Europa, (abstract), Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., XXVII, 997-998, 1996.
    • (1996) Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. , vol.27 , pp. 997-998
    • Pappalardo, R.T.1    Coon, M.D.2
  • 133
    • 0030268365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for separation across a gray band on Europa
    • Pappalardo, R. T., and R. J. Sullivan, Evidence for separation across a gray band on Europa, Icarus, 123, 557-567, 1996.
    • (1996) Icarus , vol.123 , pp. 557-567
    • Pappalardo, R.T.1    Sullivan, R.J.2
  • 134
    • 0009989953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Europan ocean? the (circumstantial) geological evidence
    • San Juan Capistrano Res. Inst., San Juan Capistrano, Calif.
    • Pappalardo, R. T., J. W. Head, R. Greeley, and the Galileo SSI Team, A Europan ocean? The (circumstantial) geological evidence, in Europa Ocean Conference, Capistrano Conf. 5, pp. 59-60, San Juan Capistrano Res. Inst., San Juan Capistrano, Calif., 1996.
    • (1996) Europa Ocean Conference, Capistrano Conf. 5 , pp. 59-60
    • Pappalardo, R.T.1    Head, J.W.2    Greeley, R.3
  • 135
    • 0032556896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geological evidence for solid-state convection in Europa's ice shell
    • Pappalardo, R. T., et al., Geological evidence for solid-state convection in Europa's ice shell, Nature, 391, 365-368, 1998a.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.391 , pp. 365-368
    • Pappalardo, R.T.1
  • 136
    • 0009798347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Classification of Europan ridges and troughs and a possible genetic sequence
    • [CD-ROM], abstract 1859
    • Pappalardo, R. T., J. W. Head, N. D. Sherman, R. Greeley, R. J. Sullivan, and the Galileo Imaging Team, Classification of Europan ridges and troughs and a possible genetic sequence, in Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., [CD-ROM], XXIX, abstract 1859, 1998b.
    • (1998) Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. , vol.29
    • Pappalardo, R.T.1    Head, J.W.2    Sherman, N.D.3    Greeley, R.4    Sullivan, R.J.5
  • 137
    • 17144411399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of mottled terrain on Europa: A possible link to nonsynchronous rotation stresses
    • [CD-ROM], abstract 1732
    • Pappalardo, R. T., et al., Distribution of mottled terrain on Europa: A possible link to nonsynchronous rotation stresses, Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., [CD-ROM], XXIX, abstract 1732, 1998c.
    • (1998) Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. , vol.29
    • Pappalardo, R.T.1
  • 139
    • 0003049425 scopus 로고
    • Craters and basins on Ganymede and Callisto: Morphological indicators of crustal evolution
    • edited by D. Morrison, Univ. of Ariz. Press, Tucson
    • Passey, Q. R., and G. Shoemaker, Craters and basins on Ganymede and Callisto: Morphological indicators of crustal evolution, in Satellites of Jupiter, edited by D. Morrison, pp. 379-434, Univ. of Ariz. Press, Tucson, 1982.
    • (1982) Satellites of Jupiter , pp. 379-434
    • Passey, Q.R.1    Shoemaker, G.2
  • 144
    • 0001114420 scopus 로고
    • Mechanics of growth of some laccolithic intrusions in the Henry Mountains, Utah, II, Bending and failure of overburden layers and sill formation
    • Pollard, D. D., and A. M. Johnson, Mechanics of growth of some laccolithic intrusions in the Henry Mountains, Utah, II, Bending and failure of overburden layers and sill formation, Tectonophysics, 18, 311-354, 1973.
    • (1973) Tectonophysics , vol.18 , pp. 311-354
    • Pollard, D.D.1    Johnson, A.M.2
  • 147
    • 1842436359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Europa: Stratigraphy and geological history of the anti-Jovian region from Galileo E14 solid-state imaging data
    • Prockter, L. M., A. Antman, R. T. Pappalardo, J. W. Head, and G. C. Collins, Europa: Stratigraphy and geological history of the anti-Jovian region from Galileo E14 solid-state imaging data, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 16,531-16,540, 1999c.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.104
    • Prockter, L.M.1    Antman, A.2    Pappalardo, R.T.3    Head, J.W.4    Collins, G.C.5
  • 149
    • 0032534146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ice diapirs on Europa: Implications for liquid water
    • Rathbun, J. A., G. S. Musser Jr., and S. W. Squyres, Ice diapirs on Europa: Implications for liquid water, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 4157-4160, 1998.
    • (1998) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.25 , pp. 4157-4160
    • Rathbun, J.A.1    Musser Jr., G.S.2    Squyres, S.W.3
  • 150
    • 0000552597 scopus 로고
    • On the internal structure of the major satellites of the outer planets
    • Reynolds, R. T., and P. M. Cassen, On the internal structure of the major satellites of the outer planets, Geophys. Res. Lett., 6, 121-124, 1979.
    • (1979) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.6 , pp. 121-124
    • Reynolds, R.T.1    Cassen, P.M.2
  • 152
    • 0023641434 scopus 로고
    • Europa, tidally heated oceans, and habitable zones around giant planets
    • Reynolds, R. T., C. P. McKay, and J. F. Kasting, Europa, tidally heated oceans, and habitable zones around giant planets, Adv. Space Res., 7, 5125-5132, 1987.
    • (1987) Adv. Space Res. , vol.7 , pp. 5125-5132
    • Reynolds, R.T.1    McKay, C.P.2    Kasting, J.F.3
  • 153
    • 0000086088 scopus 로고
    • Tidal heating in an internal ocean model of Europa
    • Ross, M., and G. Schubert, Tidal heating in an internal ocean model of Europa, Nature, 325, 133-134, 1987.
    • (1987) Nature , vol.325 , pp. 133-134
    • Ross, M.1    Schubert, G.2
  • 154
    • 17144395435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Onset of convection, heat flow and thickness of Europa's ice shell
    • in press
    • Ruiz, J., Onset of convection, heat flow and thickness of Europa's ice shell, Earth Moon Planets, in press, 1999.
    • (1999) Earth Moon Planets
    • Ruiz, J.1
  • 155
    • 26444482763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heat flow and brittle-ductile transition in the ice shell of Europa
    • [CD-ROM], abstract 1031
    • Ruiz, J., and R. Tejero, Heat flow and brittle-ductile transition in the ice shell of Europa, Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., [CD-ROM], XXX, abstract 1031, 1999.
    • (1999) Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. , vol.30
    • Ruiz, J.1    Tejero, R.2
  • 156
    • 0000435861 scopus 로고
    • The effect of magnetospheric ion bombardment on the reflectance of Europa's surface
    • Sack, N. J., R. E. Johnson, J. W. Boring, and R. A. Baragiola, The effect of magnetospheric ion bombardment on the reflectance of Europa's surface, Icarus, 100, 534-540, 1992.
    • (1992) Icarus , vol.100 , pp. 534-540
    • Sack, N.J.1    Johnson, R.E.2    Boring, J.W.3    Baragiola, R.A.4
  • 157
    • 84879888927 scopus 로고
    • Diapirism on Triton: A record of crustal layering and instability
    • Schenk, P., and M. P. A. Jackson, Diapirism on Triton: A record of crustal layering and instability, Geology, 21, 299-302, 1993.
    • (1993) Geology , vol.21 , pp. 299-302
    • Schenk, P.1    Jackson, M.P.A.2
  • 158
    • 0002358164 scopus 로고
    • Fault offsets and lateral crustal movement on Europa: Evidence for a mobile ice shell
    • Schenk, P. M., and W. B. McKinnon, Fault offsets and lateral crustal movement on Europa: Evidence for a mobile ice shell, Icarus, 79, 75-100, 1989.
    • (1989) Icarus , vol.79 , pp. 75-100
    • Schenk, P.M.1    McKinnon, W.B.2
  • 159
    • 0000243582 scopus 로고
    • Thermal histories, compositions, and internal structures of the moons of the Solar System
    • edited by J. A. Burns and M. S. Matthews, Univ. of Ariz. Press, Tucson
    • Schubert, G., T. Spohn, and R. T. Reynolds, Thermal histories, compositions, and internal structures of the moons of the Solar System, in Satellites, edited by J. A. Burns and M. S. Matthews, pp. 224-292, Univ. of Ariz. Press, Tucson, 1986.
    • (1986) Satellites , pp. 224-292
    • Schubert, G.1    Spohn, T.2    Reynolds, R.T.3
  • 161
    • 0002793236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The age of Europa's surface
    • San Juan Capistrano Res. Inst., San Juan Capistrano, Calif.
    • Shoemaker, E. M, The age of Europa's surface, in Europa Ocean Conference, Capistrano Conf. 5, pp. 65-66, San Juan Capistrano Res. Inst., San Juan Capistrano, Calif., 1996.
    • (1996) Europa Ocean Conference, Capistrano Conf. 5 , pp. 65-66
    • Shoemaker, E.M.1
  • 162
    • 0000139711 scopus 로고
    • Cratering time scales for the Galilean satellites
    • edited by D. Morrison, Univ. of Ariz. Press, Tucson
    • Shoemaker, E. M., and R. F. Wolfe, Cratering time scales for the Galilean satellites, in Satellites of Jupiter, edited by D. Morrison, pp. 277-339, Univ. of Ariz. Press, Tucson, 1982.
    • (1982) Satellites of Jupiter , pp. 277-339
    • Shoemaker, E.M.1    Wolfe, R.F.2
  • 163
    • 84879654471 scopus 로고
    • Asteroid and comet flux in the neighborhood of Earth
    • Global Catastrophes in Earth History, edited by V. L. Sharpton and P. D. Ward
    • Shoemaker, E. M., R. F. Wolfe, and C.S. Shoemaker, Asteroid and comet flux in the neighborhood of Earth, in Global Catastrophes in Earth History, edited by V. L. Sharpton and P. D. Ward, Spec. Pap. Geol. Soc. Am., 247, 155-170, 1990.
    • (1990) Spec. Pap. Geol. Soc. Am. , vol.247 , pp. 155-170
    • Shoemaker, E.M.1    Wolfe, R.F.2    Shoemaker, C.S.3
  • 164
    • 0001146398 scopus 로고
    • The flux of periodic comets near Earth
    • edited by T. Gehrels, Univ. of Ariz. Press, Tucson
    • Shoemaker, E. M., P. R. Weissman, and C. S. Shoemaker, The flux of periodic comets near Earth, in Hazards Due to Comets and Asteroids, edited by T. Gehrels, pp. 313-335, Univ. of Ariz. Press, Tucson, 1994.
    • (1994) Hazards Due to Comets and Asteroids , pp. 313-335
    • Shoemaker, E.M.1    Weissman, P.R.2    Shoemaker, C.S.3
  • 165
    • 0031138850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tidal evolution into the Laplace resonance and the resurfacing of Ganymede
    • Showman, A. P., and R. Malhotra, Tidal evolution into the Laplace resonance and the resurfacing of Ganymede, Icarus, 127, 93-111, 1997.
    • (1997) Icarus , vol.127 , pp. 93-111
    • Showman, A.P.1    Malhotra, R.2
  • 166
    • 0031256351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coupled orbital and thermal evolution of Ganymede
    • Showman, A. P., D. J. Stevenson, and R. Malhotra, Coupled orbital and thermal evolution of Ganymede, Icarus, 129, 367-383, 1997.
    • (1997) Icarus , vol.129 , pp. 367-383
    • Showman, A.P.1    Stevenson, D.J.2    Malhotra, R.3
  • 167
    • 77952582407 scopus 로고
    • The Galilean satellites of Jupiter: Voyager 2 imaging science results
    • Smith, B. A., and the Voyager Imaging Team, The Galilean satellites of Jupiter: Voyager 2 imaging science results, Science, 206, 951-972, 1979.
    • (1979) Science , vol.206 , pp. 951-972
    • Smith, B.A.1
  • 168
    • 0024927348 scopus 로고
    • Voyager 2 at Neptune: Imaging science results
    • Smith, B. A., and the Voyager Imaging Team, Voyager 2 at Neptune: Imaging science results, Science, 246, 1422-1449, 1989.
    • (1989) Science , vol.246 , pp. 1422-1449
    • Smith, B.A.1
  • 170
    • 0003255309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geologic history, surface morphology and deformation sequence in an area near Conamara Chaos, Europa
    • [CD-ROM], abstract 1899
    • Spaun, N. A., J. W. Head, R. T. Pappalardo, and the Galileo Imaging Team, Geologic history, surface morphology and deformation sequence in an area near Conamara Chaos, Europa, Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., [CD-ROM], XXIX, abstract 1899, 1998b.
    • (1998) Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. , vol.29
    • Spaun, N.A.1    Head, J.W.2    Pappalardo, R.T.3
  • 172
    • 0001242172 scopus 로고
    • Thermal segregation of water ice on the Galilean satellites
    • Spencer, J. R., Thermal segregation of water ice on the Galilean satellites, Icarus, 69, 297-313, 1987.
    • (1987) Icarus , vol.69 , pp. 297-313
    • Spencer, J.R.1
  • 173
    • 0033612135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temperatures on Europa from Galileo PPR: Nighttime thermal anomalies
    • Spencer, J. R., L. K. Tamppari, T. Z. Martin, and L. D. Travis, Temperatures on Europa from Galileo PPR: Nighttime thermal anomalies, Science, 284, 1514-1516, 1999.
    • (1999) Science , vol.284 , pp. 1514-1516
    • Spencer, J.R.1    Tamppari, L.K.2    Martin, T.Z.3    Travis, L.D.4
  • 174
    • 0002080731 scopus 로고
    • Prospects for the existence and detectability of an ocean on Europa
    • Squyres, S. W., Prospects for the existence and detectability of an ocean on Europa, Adv. Space Res., 9, 279-285, 1989.
    • (1989) Adv. Space Res. , vol.9 , pp. 279-285
    • Squyres, S.W.1
  • 175
    • 0021081345 scopus 로고
    • Liquid water and active resurfacing on Europa
    • Squyres, S. W., R. T. Reynolds, P. Cassen, and S. J. Peale, Liquid water and active resurfacing on Europa, Nature, 301, 225-226, 1983.
    • (1983) Nature , vol.301 , pp. 225-226
    • Squyres, S.W.1    Reynolds, R.T.2    Cassen, P.3    Peale, S.J.4
  • 176
    • 0024220847 scopus 로고
    • The growth of geological structures by repeated earthquakes, 2, Field examples of continental dip-slip faults
    • Stein, R. S., G. C. P. King, and J. B. Rundle, The growth of geological structures by repeated earthquakes, 2, Field examples of continental dip-slip faults, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 13,319-13,331, 1988.
    • (1988) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.93
    • Stein, R.S.1    King, G.C.P.2    Rundle, J.B.3
  • 177
    • 0002454756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneous tidal deformation and geysers on Europa
    • San Juan Capistrano Res. Inst., San Juan Capistrano, Calif.
    • Stevenson, D., Heterogeneous tidal deformation and geysers on Europa, in Europa Ocean Conference, Capistrano Conf. 5, pp. 69-70, San Juan Capistrano Res. Inst., San Juan Capistrano, Calif., 1996.
    • (1996) Europa Ocean Conference, Capistrano Conf. 5 , pp. 69-70
    • Stevenson, D.1
  • 178
    • 0004626344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An ocean within Callisto?
    • Stevenson, D. J., An ocean within Callisto?, (abstract), Eos Trans. AGU, 79, Fall Meet. Suppl., F535, 1998.
    • (1998) Eos Trans. AGU , vol.79 , Issue.FALL MEET. SUPPL.
    • Stevenson, D.J.1
  • 179
    • 0007470218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ridge formation on Europa: Examples from Galileo high resolution images
    • Sullivan, R., et al., Ridge formation on Europa: Examples from Galileo high resolution images, Geol. Soc. Am. Abstr. Programs, 29, A-312, 1997.
    • (1997) Geol. Soc. Am. Abstr. Programs , vol.29
    • Sullivan, R.1
  • 180
    • 0032556889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Episodic plate separation and fracture infill on the surface of Europa
    • Sullivan, R., et al., Episodic plate separation and fracture infill on the surface of Europa, Nature, 391, 371-372, 1998.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.391 , pp. 371-372
    • Sullivan, R.1
  • 181
    • 17144400266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mass-wasting and slope evolution on Europa
    • [CD-ROM], abstract 1747
    • Sullivan, R., J. Moore, and R. Pappalardo, Mass-wasting and slope evolution on Europa, Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., [CD-ROM], XXX, abstract 1747, 1999a.
    • (1999) Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. , vol.30
    • Sullivan, R.1    Moore, J.2    Pappalardo, R.3
  • 184
    • 0025673416 scopus 로고
    • Formation of crater palimpsests on Ganymede
    • Thomas, P. J., and S. W. Squyres, Formation of crater palimpsests on Ganymede, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 19,161-19,174, 1990.
    • (1990) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.95
    • Thomas, P.J.1    Squyres, S.W.2
  • 185
    • 0007458267 scopus 로고
    • Near-infrared photometry of the Galilean satellites
    • Tittemore, W. C., and W. M. Sinton, Near-infrared photometry of the Galilean satellites, Icarus, 77, 82-97, 1989.
    • (1989) Icarus , vol.77 , pp. 82-97
    • Tittemore, W.C.1    Sinton, W.M.2
  • 187
    • 0009083345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A San Andreas-sized strike-slip fault on Europa
    • Tufts, B. R., A San Andreas-sized strike-slip fault on Europa, (abstract), Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., XXVII, 1343-1344, 1996.
    • (1996) Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. , vol.27 , pp. 1343-1344
    • Tufts, B.R.1
  • 189
    • 17144424154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Europan lithospheric displacement features and their interpretation
    • [CD-ROM], abstract 1694
    • Tufts, B. R., R. Greenberg, P. Geissler, G. Hoppa, R. T. Pappalardo, and the Galileo Imaging Team, Europan lithospheric displacement features and their interpretation, Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., [CD-ROM], XXIX, abstract 1694, 1998.
    • (1998) Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. , vol.29
    • Tufts, B.R.1    Greenberg, R.2    Geissler, P.3    Hoppa, G.4    Pappalardo, R.T.5
  • 190
    • 0027837563 scopus 로고
    • An episodic hypothesis for venusian tectonics
    • Turcotte, D. L., An episodic hypothesis for venusian tectonics, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 17,061-17,068, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.98
    • Turcotte, D.L.1
  • 191
    • 0000316610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tectonic modeling of the formation of Europan Ridges
    • Turtle, E. P., H. J. Melosh, and C. B. Phillips, Tectonic modeling of the formation of Europan Ridges, (abstract), Eos Trans. AGU, 79, suppl., F541, 1998a.
    • (1998) Eos Trans. AGU , vol.79 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Turtle, E.P.1    Melosh, H.J.2    Phillips, C.B.3
  • 192
    • 0005672139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical modeling of multi-ring impact craters on Europa: Implications for subsurface structure
    • [CD-ROM], abstract 1325
    • Turtle, E.-P., C. B. Phillips, A. S. McEwen, J. M. Moore, R. Greeley, and the Galileo SSI Team, Numerical modeling of multi-ring impact craters on Europa: Implications for subsurface structure, Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., [CD-ROM], XXIX, abstract 1325, 1998b.
    • (1998) Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. , vol.29
    • Turtle, E.-P.1    Phillips, C.B.2    McEwen, A.S.3    Moore, J.M.4    Greeley, R.5
  • 195
    • 0003301379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lifetime of organic molecules at the surface of Europa
    • [CD-ROM], abstract 1082
    • Varnes, E. S. and B. M. Jakosky, Lifetime of organic molecules at the surface of Europa, Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., [CD-ROM], XXX, abstract 1082, 1999.
    • (1999) Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. , vol.30
    • Varnes, E.S.1    Jakosky, B.M.2
  • 196
    • 0001815383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reflectance spectroscopy of icy satellite surfaces
    • edited by B. Schmitt et al., Kluwer Acad., Norwell, Mass.
    • Verbiscer, A. and P. Helfenstein, Reflectance spectroscopy of icy satellite surfaces, in Solar System Ices, edited by B. Schmitt et al., pp. 157-197, Kluwer Acad., Norwell, Mass., 1998.
    • (1998) Solar System Ices , pp. 157-197
    • Verbiscer, A.1    Helfenstein, P.2
  • 197
    • 0001282386 scopus 로고
    • Scattering properties of natural snow and frost: Comparison with icy satellite photometry
    • Verbiscer, A., and J. Veverka, Scattering properties of natural snow and frost: Comparison with icy satellite photometry, Icarus, 88, 418-428, 1990.
    • (1990) Icarus , vol.88 , pp. 418-428
    • Verbiscer, A.1    Veverka, J.2
  • 198
    • 0025591706 scopus 로고
    • Backscattering frost on icy satellite surfaces
    • Verbiscer, A., P. Helfenstein, and J. Veverka, Backscattering frost on icy satellite surfaces, Nature, 347, 162-164, 1990.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.347 , pp. 162-164
    • Verbiscer, A.1    Helfenstein, P.2    Veverka, J.3
  • 199
    • 0002267520 scopus 로고
    • The physical characteristics of satellite surfaces
    • edited by Burns, J. A. and M. S. Mathews, Univ. of Ariz. Press, Tucson
    • Veverka, J., P. Thomas, T. V. Johnson, D. Matson, and K. Housen, The physical characteristics of satellite surfaces, in Satellites, edited by Burns, J. A. and M. S. Mathews, pp. 342-402, Univ. of Ariz. Press, Tucson, 1986.
    • (1986) Satellites , pp. 342-402
    • Veverka, J.1    Thomas, P.2    Johnson, T.V.3    Matson, D.4    Housen, K.5
  • 200
    • 84879641964 scopus 로고
    • The cometary impactor flux at the Earth
    • Weissman, P. R., The cometary impactor flux at the Earth, Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap., 247, 171-180, 1990.
    • (1990) Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap. , vol.247 , pp. 171-180
    • Weissman, P.R.1
  • 201
    • 0033489801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimates of ice thickness in the Conamara Chaos region of Europa
    • Williams, K. K., and R. Greeley, Estimates of ice thickness in the Conamara Chaos region of Europa, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 4273-4276, 1998.
    • (1998) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.25 , pp. 4273-4276
    • Williams, K.K.1    Greeley, R.2
  • 202
    • 0041780473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Europa cryovolcanism: Ascent and eruption of magma and its role in resurfacing
    • [CD-ROM], abstract 1138
    • Wilson, L., and J. W. Head, Europa cryovolcanism: Ascent and eruption of magma and its role in resurfacing, Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., [CD-ROM], XXIX, abstract 1138, 1998.
    • (1998) Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. , vol.29
    • Wilson, L.1    Head, J.W.2
  • 203
    • 0030854228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eruption of lava flows on Europa: Theory and application to Thrace Macula
    • Wilson, L., J. W. Head, and R. T. Pappalardo, Eruption of lava flows on Europa: Theory and application to Thrace Macula, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 9263-9272, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 9263-9272
    • Wilson, L.1    Head, J.W.2    Pappalardo, R.T.3
  • 204
    • 0000086363 scopus 로고
    • Io: An intense brightening near 5 micrometers
    • Witteborn, F. C., J. C. Bregman, and J. B. Pollack, Io: An intense brightening near 5 micrometers, Science, 203, 643-646, 1979.
    • (1979) Science , vol.203 , pp. 643-646
    • Witteborn, F.C.1    Bregman, J.C.2    Pollack, J.B.3
  • 205
    • 0002092957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tides on Europa
    • San Juan Capistrano Res. Inst., San Juan Capistrano, Calif.
    • Yoder, C. F., and W. L. Sjogren, Tides on Europa, in Europa Ocean Conference, Capistrano Conf. 5, pp. 89-90, San Juan Capistrano Res. Inst., San Juan Capistrano, Calif., 1996.
    • (1996) Europa Ocean Conference, Capistrano Conf. 5 , pp. 89-90
    • Yoder, C.F.1    Sjogren, W.L.2
  • 206
    • 0032400541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cratering rates on the Galilean satellites
    • Zahnle, K., L. Dones, and H. F. Levison, Cratering rates on the Galilean satellites, Icarus, 136, 202-222, 1998.
    • (1998) Icarus , vol.136 , pp. 202-222
    • Zahnle, K.1    Dones, L.2    Levison, H.F.3
  • 207
    • 0000764188 scopus 로고
    • Possible Martian brines: Equilibrium and kinetic considerations
    • th, Part 2
    • th, Part 2, in J. Geophys. Res., 91, suppl., D439-D445, 1986.
    • (1986) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.91 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Zent, A.P.1    Fanale, F.P.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.