Bringing the world to Canada: 'The periphery of the centre'

Third World Quarterly

Volumn 25, Issue 7, 2004, Pages 1215-1232

  Whitson, David ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECONOMIC IMPACT; OLYMPIC GAMES; SOCIAL IMPACT;

CANADA; NORTH AMERICA;

EID: 26444525015     PISSN: 01436597     EISSN: 13602241     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/014365904200281230     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. See, for example, P Gillen, 'The Olympic Gaines and global society', ARENA, 4, 1994-95, pp 5-15
2. and N Shoval, 'A new phase in the competition for Olympic gold: The London and New York bids for the 2012 Games', Journal of Urban Affairs, 24 (5), 2002, pp 583-599.
3. M Roche, Mega-Events and Modernity: Olympics and Expos in the Growth of Global Culture, London: Routledge, 2000.
4. D Harvey, 'Flexible accumulation through urbanisation: Reflections on postmodernism in the American city', Antipode, 19, 1987, pp 260-286.
5. See also John Hannigan, Fantasy City: Pleasure and Profit in the Postmodern Metropolis, London: Routledge, 1998.
6. D Whitelegg, 'Going for gold: Atlanta's bid for fame', International Journal for Urban and Regional Research, 24 (4), 2000, pp 801-817.
7. D Black & J van der Westhuizen, 'The allure of global games for "semi-peripheral" polities and spaces: A research agenda', this issue.
8. C Dufour, A Canadian Challenge/Le défi québecois, Montreal: Editions Hexagone/Halifax: Institute for Research on Public Policy, 1991.
9. G Morin, La cathédrale inachevée, Montreal: XYZ editeur, 1998.
10. I am indebted to Marc Levine, 'Tourism, urban redevelopment, and the "world-class" city: The cases of Baltimore and Montreal', in C Andrew, P Armstrong & A Lapierre, World Class Cities: Can Canada Play?, Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 1999, pp421-450, for his discussion of Morin.
11. See B Kidd, 'The culture wars of the Montreal Olympics', International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 27 (2), 1992, pp 151-161.
12. B McKenna, 'No ordinary immortal', Weekend Magazine, 10 July 1976.
13. Cited in ibid, p 156.
14. D Johnson, 'O glory, O shame', Montreal Gazette, 23 January 1999.
15. Cited in Levine, 'Tourism, urban redevelopment, and the "world class" city', p 433.
16. I am indebted to Black & van der Westhuizen, 'The allure of global games', for this point.
17. From Volunteer Training Manual prepared for the 1988 Winter Olympics.
18. See K Warmsley & M Heine, 'Tradition, modernity and the construction of civic identity: The Calgary Olympics', Olympika: International Journal of Olympic Studies, 5, 1996, pp 81-90.
19. Both cited in Warmsley & Heine, 'Tradition, modernity and the construction of civic identity'.
20. See also H Hiller, 'The urban transformation of a landmark event: The 1988 C algary Winter Olympics', Urban Affairs Quarterly, 26 (1), 1990.
21. British Columbia, Legislative Assembly Debates, 4 March 1985.
22. See D Ley & K Olds, 'Landscape as spectacle: World's Fairs and the culture of heroic consumption', Society & Space, 6, 1988, pp 191-212, for a fuller discussion of Expo '86.
23. A special supplement in the Globe & Mail, Canada's national newspaper, on 31 March 2004, includes stories entitled 'Businesses ponder how to reap benefits' and 'Corporate Canada keen to be involved'. A full page advertisement identifies the 'Spirit of 2010' as 'the spirit of discovery, enterprise, and opportunity', and goes on to emphasise that 'BC leads the nation' in categories like lowest tax rates and highest job growth. See also www.gov.bc.ca.
24. T Fry & AM Willis, 'Expo '88: Backwoods into the future', Cultural Studies, 2 (1), 1988 pp. 127-138.
25. T Bennett, 'The shaping of things to come: Expo '88', Cultural Studies, 5 (2), 1991, p 46.
26. Ibid, pp 32-34.
27. Hiller, 'The urban transformation of a landmark event'.
28. Whitelegg, 'Going for gold', p 803.
29. lbid, pp 803-805.
30. Pico Iyer, The Global Soul: Jet Lag, Shopping Malls, and the Search for Home, NY: Vintage Books, 2001, ch 5 ('The Gaines').
31. Black & van der Westhuizen, 'The allure of global games'.
32. M Levine, 'Tourism, urban redevelopment, and the "world-class" city', pp 421-450.
33. J Mount & C Leroux, 'Assessing the effects of a mega-event: A retrospective study of the impact of the Olympic Games in the Calgary business sector', Festival Management and Event Tourism, 2, 1994, pp 15-23.
34. B Ritchie & J Smith, 'The impact of a mega-event on host region awareness: A longitudinal study', Journal of Travel Research, 30, 1991, pp 3-10.
35. R Baade & V Matheson, 'Bidding for the Olympics: Fool's gold?, in I Henry & C Gratton (eds), Sport in the City: The Role of Sport in Economic and Social Regeneration, London: Routledge, 2001.
36. Statistics Canada (1998) and OECD (1995) studies cited in Levine, 'Tourism, urban redevelopment and the "world-class" city', pp 441-443.
37. See also Baade & Matheson, 'Bidding for the Olympics'.
38. See the article by Horne in this issue on the 'construction state' in Japan.
39. Baade & Matheson, 'Bidding for the Olympics', p 145.
40. See J Horne & W Manzanreiter, 'Accounting for mega-events: Forecast and actual impacts of the 2002 FIFA World Cup finals on the host countries Japan/Korea', International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 39 (2), 2004, ppl87-203.
41. H Wilson, 'What is an Olympic city? Visions of Sydney 2000', Media, Culture & Society, 18, 1996, pp 603-618.
42. See, for example, Saskia Sassen, 'Whose city is it? Globalization and the formation of new claims', Public Culture, 8, 1996, pp 205-223.
43. and Peter Eisinger, 'The politics of bread and circuses: Building the city for the visitor class', Urban Affairs Review, 35, 2000, pp 316-333.
44. Zygmunt Bauman, Community: Seeking Safety in an Insecure World, Cambridge: Polity Press, 2000.
45. Bruce Kidd, 'The Toronto Olympic Commitment: Towards a social contract for the Olympic Games', Olympika, 1, 1992, pp 154-167.
46. S Britton, 'Tourism, capital, and place: Towards a critical geography of tourism', Society & Space, 9, 1991, pp 451-478.
47. Kidd, 'The Toronto Olympic Cormnitment', p 167.