The ideological origins of Richard M. Nixon's "black capitalism" initiative

Review of Black Political Economy

Volumn 29, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 58-61

  Weems Jr , Robert E ^a   Randolph, Lewis A ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI   (United States)

^b OHIO UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 26444496669     PISSN: 00346446     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Tom Wicker, One of Us: Richard Nixon and the American Dream (New York: 1995), 47-50.
2. One of Us: Richard Nixon and the American Dream Ibid., 657-65.
3. One of Us: Richard Nixon and the American Dream Ibid., 44.
4. Kenneth O'Reilly, Nixon's Piano: Presidents and Racial Politics from Washington to Clinton (New York: 1995), 165-178.
5. Nixon's Piano: Presidents and Racial Politics from Washington to Clinton Ibid., 165-166.
6. Richard M. Nixon, Vice-President and chair of CGC, "Letter to Walter White," May 28, 1954, PPS 307.23.1, Richard M. Nixon Library and Birthplace, Yorba Linda, California;
7. Nixon, "Letter to Martin Luther King, Jr.," May 23, 1957, PPS 320.107.4, Nixon Library and Birthplace;
8. Martin Luther King Jr., "Letter to Richard Nixon," May 15, 1957, PPS 320.107.2, Nixon Library and Birthplace.
9. Denton L. Watson, Lion in the Lobby: Clarence Mitchell, Jr.'s Struggle for the Passage of Civil Rights Laws (New York: 1990), 229.
10. Denton L. Watson, Lion in the Lobby: Clarence Mitchell, Jr.'s Struggle for the Passage of Civil Rights Laws ( 1990), 229. Ibid.
11. "Personal Letter from President Eisenhower to Chair, CGC & Vice-President Nixon," September 4, 1953, PPS 307.10, Nixon Library and Birthplace.
12. Stephen E. Ambrose, Nixon: The Education of a Politician 1913-1962 (New York: 1987), 434.
13. "Summary of President's Committee on Government Contracts," December 14, 1954, PPS 307.28.2, Nixon Library and Birthplace.
14. Ambrose, Nixon, 435;
15. Wicker, One of Us, 178.
16. Alex Poinsett, Walking with Presidents: Louis Martin and the Rise of Black Political Power (New York: 1997), 165-166.
17. Ambrose, Nixon, 435;
18. Wickers, One of Us, 178.
19. Michael E. Dyson, I May Not Get There With You: The True Martin Luther King, Jr. (New York: 2000), 86-87.
20. I May Not Get There With You: The True Martin Luther King, Jr. Ibid., 93.
21. Dean Kotlowski, "Black Power Nixon Style: The Nixon Administration and Minority Business Enterprise," Business History Review 72 (1998): 414.
22. Business History Review Ibid., 417.
23. Richard M. Nixon, "Bridges To Human Dignity: An Address by Richard Nixon on the CBS Radio Network," Thursday, April 25, 1968, 6-8, PPS 208.23, Nixon Library and Birthplace.
24. James Farmer, Lay Bare the Heart: An Autobiography of the Civil Rights Movement (New York: 1985), 307.
25. Kotlowski, "Black Power - Nixon Style," 411.
26. Floyd McKissick, Three-Fifths of a Man (Toronto, Ontario: 1969), 164.
27. Gerald R. Ford Vice-Presidential Papers, "Soul City Souvenir Book," Box 175, Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
28. Kotlowski, "Black Power - Nixon Style," 417-418.
29. Gerald R. Ford Vice-Presidential Papers, 1973 New York Times article "McKissick Forms New Group To Help The Republican Party," Box 175, Ford Presidential Library.
30. Memo, Russ Rourke to Jack Marsh, July 7, 1975, Gerald R. Ford Vice-Presidential Papers, Box 175, Ford Presidential Library.
31. "Report of the Comptroller General of the United States" December 18, 1975, Paul C. Leach Files, Box 17, Ford Presidential Library.
32. Bruce Oudes (ed.), From The President: Richard Nixon's Secret Files (New York: 1989), 479; Press Release packet concerning "The Fund For A Representative Congress," Sheila Weidenfield Files Box 8, Ford Presidential Library; White House "Think Tank" Session: Minority Business Development Organizational Analysis, F. Lynn May Files Box 2, Ford Presidential Library.
33. Manning Marable, Race, Reform, and Rebellion: The Second Reconstruction in Black America, 1945-1982 (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1984), 106.
34. Robert L. Allen, Black Awakening in Capitalist America: An Analytic History (Trenton, NJ: African World Press, 1990 originally published in 1969), 185.
35. Black Awakening in Capitalist America: An Analytic History Ibid., 188.
36. Black Awakening in Capitalist America: An Analytic History Ibid., 186.
37. Rowland Evans, Jr., and Robert D. Novak, Nixon in the White House: The Frustration of Power (New York: Random House, 1971), 137.
38. Rowland Evans, Robert D. Novak, 1971), Nixon in the White House: The Frustration of Power 137. Ibid.
39. Rowland Evans, Robert D. Novak, 1971), Nixon in the White House: The Frustration of Power 137. Ibid.
40. Rowland Evans, Robert D. Novak, 1971), Nixon in the White House: The Frustration of Power 137. Ibid.
41. "When Negro Leaders Look Ahead...," U.S. News & World Report 65 (November 25, 1968): 59.
42. U.S. News & World Report Ibid., 60.
43. "Black Leader's Idea for South's Schools," U.S. News & World Report 68 (March 2, 1970): 30-31.
44. U.S. News & World Report Ibid., 31.
45. Alex Poinsett, "Roy Innis: Nation Builder," Ebony 24 (October 1969): 170.
46. Stephen E. Ambrose, Nixon: The Triumph of a Politician, Vol. 2 (New York: 1989), 125-126.
47. Strober and Strober, Nixon: An Oral History of his Presidency, 112.
48. To get a sense of some of the problems the Nixon Administration faced in turning the rhetoric associated with "Black Power" into reality, see Kotlowski, "Black Power - Nixon Style," 416, 420-429;
49. "Black Capitalism has a Hollow Ring," Business Week (August 30, 1969): 51.
50. Dunbar S. McLaurin and Cyril D. Tyson, "The GHEDIPLAN for Economic Development," in William F. Haddad and G. Douglas Pugh, eds., Black Economic Development (Englewood Cliff, NJ: 1969), 131-132.
51. Richard F. America, Jr., "What Do You People Want?" in Ronald W. Bailey, ed., Black Business Enterprise: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives (New York: 1971), 125.
52. Andrew F. Brimmer, "Economic Integration and the Progress of the Negro Community," Ebony 25 (August 1970): 121.