Effects of subchronic dermal application of break-free CLP® in CD-1 mice

Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology

Volumn 24, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 197-216

  Wilfong, E R ^a   Jederberg, W W ^a   Arfsten, Darryl P ^a   Johnson, E W ^b   Thitoff, A R ^b   Brinkley, W W ^a   Schaeffer, D J ^c  

^a AIR FORCE RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

^b WRIGHT PATTERSON AIR FORCE BASE   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN   (United States)

Author keywords

ALKP activity; Break Free CLP; Dermal irritation; Dermal toxicity; mRNA expression; Polyalphaolefin; Subchronic

Indexed keywords

ACETONE; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ALKENE DERIVATIVE; CROTON OIL; ESTER DERIVATIVE; HYDROCARBON; LUBRICATING AGENT; METAL; OIL; PARAFFIN;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARM; ARMY; ARTICLE; CLEANING; CONTROLLED STUDY; DOWN REGULATION; ENZYME ACTIVITY; EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL; FEMALE; FOREARM; HAND; HISTOPATHOLOGY; LAW ENFORCEMENT; LIVER METABOLISM; LONG TERM EXPOSURE; LYMPHOCYTE; MALE; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; SKIN EPITHELIUM; SKIN IRRITATION; SKIN TOXICITY; SKIN ULCER; STRESS; WEAPON;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 26444433333     PISSN: 07313829     EISSN: 15322505     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1081/CUS-200068635     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Kabbur MB, Rogers JV, Gunasekar PG, Garrett CM, Geiss KT, Brinkley WW, McDougal JN. Effect of JP-8 jet fuel on molecular and histological parameters related to acute skin irritation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2001; 175:83-88.
2. NORA. National Occupational Research Agenda. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Services. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nora.html. 1996.
3. NORA. National Occupational Research Agenda. Allergic and Irritant Dermatitis. Washington, DC: 2004.
4. Berardesca E, Distante F. The modulation of skin irritation. Contact Dermatitis 1994; 31:281-287.
5. Spies M, Dasu MR, Svrakic N, Nesic O, Barrow RE, Perez-Polo JR, Herndon DN. Gene expression analysis in burn wounds of rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2002; 283:R918-R930.
6. Rogers JV, Garrett CM, McDougal JN. Gene expression in rat skin induced by irritating chemicals. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2003; 17:123-137.
7. Fletcher ST, Baker VA, Fentem JH, Basketter DA, Kelsell DP. Gene expression analysis of epiDerm following exposure to SLS using CDNA microarrays. Toxicol In Vitro 2001; 15:393-398.
8. Snyder AR, Morgan WF. Gene expression profiling after irradiation: clues to understanding acute and persistent responses? Cancer Metastasis Rev 2004; 23:259-268.
9. Arfsten DP, Johnson EW, Thitioff AR, Jung A, Still KR, Brinkley WW, Schaeffer DL, Jederberg WW, Bobb AJ. Acute and subacute dermal toxicity of Break-Free CLP: a weapons cleaning and maintenance compound. J Appl Toxicol 2004; JATS-954, in press.
10. Arfsten DP, Johnson EW, Thitioff AR, Brinkley, WW, Schaeffer DL, Still KR. Acute toxicity assessment of Break-Free CLP, a small arms cleaning compound. Toxicologist 2003; 72.
11. USEPA. Exposure Factors Handbook. Vol. I. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment, 2004:EPA/600/p-95/002fa.
12. Draize JH, Woodard G, Calvery HO. Methods for the study of irritation and toxicity of substances applied topically to the skin and mucous membranes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1944; 82:377-390.
13. Stiene-Martin EA, Lotspeich-Steingelt Koepke JA. Clinical Hematology Principles, Procedures, Correlations, J.B. Lippincott: Philadelphia, 1992.
14. Meier BM, Shaw N, Slusarenko AJ. Spatial and temporal accumulation of defense gene transcripts in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) leaves in relation to bacteria-induced hypersensitive cell death. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 1993; 6:453-466.
15. Toxic Hazards Research Unit Annual Technical Report. AFAMRL-TR-83-64. NTIS AS-136170. Air Force Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory, 1983.
16. Kinkead ER, Wolfe RE, Bunger SK, Leahy HF. The acute toxicity evaluation of a low-temperature hydraulic fluid. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1992; 53:163-168.
17. DuPont Chemicals. Material Safety Data Sheet for DBE #6020CR. Astro Product Code #25143, 1996.
18. Mullin LS, Ader AW, Daughtrey WC, Frost DZ, Greenwood MR. Toxicology update isoparaffinic hydrocarbons: a summary of physical properties, toxicity studies and human exposure data. J Appl Toxicol 1990; 10:135-142.
19. Ueno S, Shiomi Y, Yokota K. Metalworking fluid hand dermatitis. Ind Health 2002; 40:291-293.
20. Coleman JW. Nitric oxide in immunity and inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2001; 1:1397-1406.
21. Corsini E, Galli CL. Cytokines and irritant contact dermatitis. Toxicol Lett 1998; 102-103:277-282.
22. Tarugi P, Albertazzi L, Nicolini S, Ottaviani E, Calandra S. Synthesis and secretion of apolipoprotein A-I by chick skin. J Biol Chem 1991; 266:7714-7720.
23. Keeney DS, Skinner C, Travers JB, Capdevila JH, Nanney LB, King LE, Jr, Waterman, MR. Differentiating keratinocytes express a novel cytochrome P450 enzyme, CYP2B19, having arachidonate monooxygenase activity. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:32071-32079.
24. Jugert FK, Agarwal R, Kuhn A, Bickers DR, Merk HF, Mukhtar H. Multiple cytochrome P450 isozymes in murine skin: induction of P450 1A, 2B, 2E, and 3A by dexamethasone. J Invest Dermatol 1994; 102:970-975.
25. Agarwal R, Jugert FK, Khan SG, Bickers DR, Merk HF, Mukhtar H. Evidence for multiple inducible cytochrome P450 isozymes in SENCAR mouse skin by pyridine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1994; 199:1400-1406.
26. Lee JL, Mukhtar H, Bickers DR, Kopelovich L, Athar M. Cyclooxygenases in the skin: pharmacological and toxicological implications. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2003; 192:294-306.
27. Leong J, Hughes-Fulford M, Rakhlin N, Habib A, Maclouf J, Goldyne ME. Cyclooxygenases in human and mouse skin and cultured human keratinocytes: association of COX-2 expression with human keratinocyte differentiation. Exp Cell Res 1996; 224:79-87.
28. Futagami A, Ishizaki M, Fukuda Y, Kawana S, Yamanaka N. Wound healing involves induction of cyclooxygenase-2 expression in rat skin. Lab Invest 2002; 82:1503-1513.
29. Laulederkind SJ, Thompson-Jaeger S, Goorha S, Chen Q, Fu A, Rho JY, Ballou LR, Raghow R. Both constitutive and inducible prostaglandin H synthase affect dermal wound healing in mice. Lab Invest 2002; 82:919-927.
30. McKay MJ, Troelstra C, van der SP, Kanaar R, Smit B, Hagemeijer A, Bootsma D, Hoeijmakers JH. Sequence conservation of the Rad21 schizosaccharomyces pombe DNA double-strand break repair gene in human and mouse. Genomics 1996; 36:305-315.
31. Chavanne F, Broughton BC, Pietra D, Nardo T, Browitt A, Lehmann AR, Stefanini M. Mutations in the XPC gene in families with xeroderma pigmentosum and consequences at the cell, protein, and transcript levels. Cancer Res 2000; 60:1974-1982.
32. Stanley LA. Molecular aspects of chemical carcinogenesis: the roles of oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. Toxicology 1995; 96:173-194.
33. Balmain A, Pragnell IB. Mouse skin carcinomas induced in vivo by chemical carcinogens have a transforming harvey-ras oncogene. Nature 1983; 303:72-74.
34. Cornelium CE. Liver function tests in the differental diagnosis of hepatoxicity. In: Meeks RG, Harrison SD, Bull RJ, eds. Hepatoxicology. CRC Press: Boca Raton, 1991.
35. Zimmerman HJ, Henery JB. Serum enzyme determinations as an aid to diagnosis. In: Davidson I, Henery JB, eds. Tod-Sanford Clinical Diagnosis by Laboratory Methods. WB Saunders: Philadelphia, 1969.
36. Mullin LS, Ader AW, Daughtrey WC, Frost DZ, Greenwood MR. Toxicology update isoparaffinic hydrocarbons: a summary of physical properties, toxicity studies and human exposure data. J Appl Toxicol 1990; 10:135-142.
37. Trela BA, Bogdanffy MS. Cytotoxicity of dibasic esters (DBE) metabolites in rat nasal explants. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1991; 110:259-267.
38. Silverstein M, Park R, Marmor M, Maizlish N, Mirer F. Mortality among bearing plant workers exposed to metalworking fluids and abrasives. J Occup Med 1988; 30:706-714.
39. Fujihara M, Muroi M, Tanamoto K, Suzuki T, Azuma H, Ikeda H. Molecular mechanisms of macrophage activation and deactivation by lipopolysaccharide: roles of the receptor complex. Pharmacol Ther 2003; 100:171-194.
40. Feng JM, Shi JQ, Liu YS. The effect of lipopolysaccharides on the expression of CD14 and TLR4 in rat kupffer cells. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2003; 2:265-269.
41. Mak KK, Chan SY. Epidermal growth factor as a biologic switch in hair growth cycle. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:26120-26126.
42. Azadil S, Arfsten DP, Meade J. Evaluation of the contact hypersensitivity-inducing potential for Break-Free CLP, a commercial weapons cleaning and maintenance compound. Toxicologist 2004; 78.