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n = C/||C||. With this definition, |f(U)| is expressed in units of the so-called norm bound (see Eq. 6).
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c(A†).
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2642655376
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k)||.
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2642695847
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c(A†) is neither convex (7) nor centered at the origin of the complex plane, which is in contrast to cases of spectroscopic interest (compare with Fig. 4). As the operators A and C are represented by 3 X 3 matrices, the corresponding space of unitary operators U is nine-dimensional.
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c(A†) forms a circular disk with radius b centered at the origin of the complex plane (19).
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43
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2642604356
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note
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n.
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44
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2642596169
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note
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7 random unitary operators requires about 48 hours.
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45
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J. von Neumann, Tomsk Univ. Rev. 1, 286 (1937); see also J. von Neumann, Collected Works, A. H. Taub, Ed. (Pergamon, New York, 1962), vol. IV, pp. 205-218.
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i(C) are the eigenvalues of A† and C, respectively.
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49
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2642685704
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note
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i(C) are the ordered eigenvalues of A and C, respectively.
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50
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2642620676
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note
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z themselves no longer span the (reducible) spin-j representation of su(2). Thus, in contrast to the uniquely favorable case of spins-1/2, in higher spins all multipole interactions have to be controllable as well.
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note
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We thank J. Jeener and W. S. Warren for helpful discussions. S.J.G. and C.G. acknowledge support by the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under grants Gl 203/1-6, Gl 203/2-2, and Gr 1211/6-1. T.S.-H. is indebted to R. R. Ernst for support.
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