Horizontal variability 1-2 km below the tropical tropopause

Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres

Volumn 109, Issue 5, 2004, Pages

  Tuck, A F ^a   Hovde, S J ^a,b   Kelly, K K ^a   Reid, S J ^a,b,c   Richard, E C ^a,b   Atlas, E L ^d   Donnelly, S G ^d   Stroud, V R ^d   Cziczo, D J ^a,b   Murphy, D M ^a   Thomson, D S ^a,b   Elkins, J W ^a   Moore, F L ^a,b   Ray, E A ^a,b   Mahoney, M J ^e   Friedl, R R ^e  

^a NOAA EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^c NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION   (United States)

^d NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

^e CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

Composition; Tropical; Troposphere

Indexed keywords

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; OZONE; SPATIAL VARIATION; TRACER; TROPOPAUSE; WATER VAPOR;

EID: 2642559583     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003942     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Bethan, S., G. Vaughan, and S. J. Reid (1996), A comparison of ozone and thermal tropopause heights and the impact of tropopause definition on quantifying the ozone content of the troposphere, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 122, 929-944.
2. Clark, H. L., A. Billingham, R. S. Harwood, and H. C. Pumphrey (2001), Water vapor in the tropical lower stratosphere during the driest phase of the atmospheric "tape recorder," J. Geophys. Res., 106, 22,695-22,706.
3. Cohan, D. S., M. G. Schultz, D. J. Jacob, B. G. Heikes, and D. R. Blake (1999), Convective injection and photochemical decay of peroxides in the tropical upper troposphere: Methyl iodide as a tracer of marine convection J. Geophys. Res., 104, 5717-5724.
4. Denning, R. F., S. L. Guidero, G. S. Parks, and B. L. Gary (1989), Instrument description of the airborne Microwave Temperature Profiler, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 16,757-16,766.
5. Dessler, A. E., and S. C. Sherwood (2000), Simulations of tropical upper tropospheric humidity, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 20,155-20,163.
6. Flocke, F., et al. (1999), An examination of the chemistry and transport processes in the tropical lower stratosphere using observations of long-lived and short-lived compounds obtained during STRAT and POLARIS, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 26,625-26,642.
7. Folkins, I. R., M. Loewenstein, J. R. Podolske, S. J. Oltmans, and M. H. Proffitt (1999), A barrier to vertical mixing at 14 km in the tropics: Evidence from ozonesondes and aircraft measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 22,095-22,102.
8. Gettelman, A. J., J. R. Holton, and A. R. Douglass (2000), Simulations of water vapor in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere, J. Geophys, Res., 105, 9003-9023.
9. 4 observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 2781-2784.
10. Jensen, E. J., L. Pfister, A. S. Ackerman, A. Tabazadeh, and O. B. Toon (2001), A conceptual model of the dehydration of air due to freeze-drying by optically thin, laminar cirrus rising slowly across the tropical tropopause, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 17,073-17,496.
11. Kelly, K. K., et al. (1989), Dehydration in the lower Antarctic stratosphere during late winter and early spring, 1987, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 11,317-11,357.
12. Kelly, K. K., M. H. Proffitt, K. R. Chan, M. Loewenstein, J. R. Podolske, S. E. Strahan, J. C. Wilson, and D. Kley (1993), Water vapor and cloud measurements over Darwin during STEP 1987 tropical mission, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 8713-8724.
13. Ludlam, F. H. (1980), Clouds and Storms: The Behavior and Effect of Water in the Atmosphere, ch. 8.6, pp. 228-231, Penn. State Univ. Press, University Park, Penn.
14. Moore, F. L., et al. (2003), Balloonborne in situ gas chromatograph for measurements in the troposphere and stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D5), 8330, doi:10.1029/2001JD000891.
15. Murgatroyd, R. J. (1965), Ozone and water vapor in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, in Meteorological Aspects of Atmospheric Radioactivity, pp. 68-94, Rep. 169, World Meteorol. Organ., Geneva.
16. Murphy, D. M., D. S. Thomson, and M. J. Mahoney (1998), In situ measurements of organics, meteoritic material, mercury, and other elements in aerosols at 5 to 19 km, Science, 282, 1664-1669.
17. Murphy, D. M., A. M. Middlebrook, and M. Warshawsky (2003), Cluster analysis of data from the Particle Analysis by Laser Mass Spectrometry (PALMS) instrument, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 37, 382-391.
18. O'Neill, T. P., Jr. (1992), All Politics is Local, 208 pp., Adams Media, New York.
19. Proffitt, M. H., M. J. Steinkamp, J. A. Powell, R. J. McLaughlin, O. A. Mills, A. L. Schemltekopf, T. L. Thompson, A. F. Tuck, T. Tyler, and R. H. Winkler (1989), In situ ozone measurements within the 1987 Antarctic ozone hole from a high-altitude ER-2 aircraft, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 16,547-16,555.
20. 4 in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, Appl. Phys. Lett., B75, 183-194.
21. Ridley, B., et al. (2004), Convective transport of reactive constituents to the tropical and mid-latitude tropopause region: 1. Observations, Atmos. Environ., 38, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.11.038, in press.
22. Sassi, F., M. Salby, and W. G. Read (2001), Relationship between upper tropospheric humidity and deep convection, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 17,133-17,146.
23. Schauffler, S. M., E. L. Atlas, D. R. Blake, F. Flocke, X. Tie, R. A. Lueb, J. M. Lee, V. Stroud, and W. Travnicek (1999), Distributions of brominated organic compounds in the troposphere and lower stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 21,513-21,536.
24. Schulte, P., and F. Arnold (1990), Pyridinium ions and pyridine in the free trosposphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 1077-1080.
25. Thompson, A. M., et al. (2003), Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozone-sondes (SHADOZ) 1998-2000 tropical ozone climatology: 1. Comparison with Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) and ground-based measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D2), 8238, doi:10.1029/2001JD000967.
26. Tuck, A. F., et al. (1997), The Brewer-Dobson circulation in the light of high altitude in situ aircraft observations, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 123, 1-69.
27. Tuck, A. F., S. J. Hovde, K. K. Kelly, M. J. Mahoney, M. H. Proffitt, E. C. Richard, and T. L. Thompson (2003), Exchange between the upper tropical troposphere and the lower stratosphere studied with aircraft observations, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D23), 4734, doi:10.1029/2003JD003399.
28. Volk, C. M., et al. (1996), Quantifying transport between the tropical and mid-latitude lower stratosphere, Science, 272, 1763-1768.