The antisemitism of the eighth Duke of Northumberland's the Patriot, 1922-1930

Journal of Contemporary History

Volumn 39, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 71-92

  Ruotsila, Markku ^a  

^a TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Finland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 2642551425     PISSN: 00220094     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0022009404039885     Document Type: Review

References (71)

1. 'Introduction', The Patriot, 9 February 1922, 1
2. Nesta Webster, The Surrender of an Empire (London 1931), 173. Unless otherwise stated, all the citations in the following footnotes refer to articles in the Patriot
3. See Sharman Kadish, Bolsheviks and British Jews: The Anglo-Jewish Community, Britain, and the Russian Revolution (London 1922), 37-8, 42-3
4. Gisela C. Lebzelter, Political Anti-Semitism in England, 1918-1939 (New York 1978), 64, 67
5. Richard Thurlow, Fascism in Britain: A History, 1918-1985 (Oxford 1987), 46-7, 57-8
6. Lord Croft, My Life of Strife (London nd.), 122
7. Maurice Cowling, The Impact of Labour, 1920-1924 (Cambridge 1971), 74-6, 80-6
8. C.M. Headlam, 'Percy, Alan Ian' in J.H.R. Weaver (ed.), The Dictionary of National Biography, 1922-1930 (London 1937), 662-3
9. 'The National Assembly of the Church of England', The Record, 29 July 1920, 534
10. 'Notes of the Week', 30 December 1926, 635-6
11. Northumberland's diary entries, 1907-1911, Northumberland papers, F/2/3-4, Alnwick Castle, Alnwick
12. E.D. Swinton and Earl Percy, A Year Ago (London 1916), 110, 140-1, 151
13. Northumberland, 'Irish Aims', 1 February 1921, Northumberland papers, H/3/4
14. Northumberland, The Shadow on the Moor (Edinburgh 1931), 1-13
15. Earl Percy, 'Military Policy and War', The National Review (August 1911), 968
16. 'The Great Army Reform Imposture', The National Review (August 1912), 972-3
17. 'The Truth About War', The National Review (April 1913), 248-9
18. 'The True Doctrine of National Defense', The National Review (April 1914), 232-3. Until 1918 Northumberland was known by the courtesy title, Earl Percy
19. See also Albert S. Lindemann, Esau's Tears: Modern Antisemitism and the Rise of the Jews (Cambridge 1997), esp. 158-81
20. Northumberland's address, 8 April 1919 in Parliamentary Debates, House of Lords, 5th series, vol. 34 (London 1920), 203-5
21. On his collaboration with H.M. Hyndman, a leading anti-Bolshevik Marxian, see Northumberland to Henry Page Croft, 27 May [1919], Henry Page Croft papers, CRFT 1/7, Churchill Archives Centre, Cambridge
22. Rosalind Travers Hyndman, The Last Years of H.M. Hyndman (London 1923), 247-50
23. Northumberland, 'The Bolshevist Plot in England, III', The Morning Post, 6 August 1920, 5-6
24. Northumberland, 'International Revolutionary Propaganda: The Situation in Ireland', Reconstruction Society Pamphlet, 62 (1920), 1-8
25. Northumberland, 'Bolshevism and the Labour Party', The National Review (July 1921), 617-33
26. Nesta Webster, The French Revolution: A Study in Democracy (London 1919), esp. 489-97
27. and World Revolution: Plot Against Civilization (London 1921), esp. 290-311
28. Northumberland, 'The Realities of the Situation', 9 February 1922, 1
29. Northumberland's articles 'Our Foes and How to Fight Them', 20 April 1922
30. 'The Red Religion', 14 December 1922, 297-8
31. 'What of the Night', 17 January 1924, 369-70
32. 'The Question of the Future', 1 May 1924
33. 'The Power behind the Government', 23 October 1924, 177-8
34. 'Internationalism', 7 June 1923, 289
35. 'The Protocols and World Revolution - I', 17 January 1924, 375-6
36. 'Various Views on Palestine', 13 January 1927, 40
37. For Die-hard efforts to change British foreign and imperial policies in general, see Inbal Rose, Conservatism and Foreign Policy during the Lloyd George Coalition, 1918-22 (London 1999)
38. 'Ireland and the Labour Party', 29 March 1923, 125-6
39. 'The Betrayal of the Southern Irish Loyalist', 5 January 1928, 1-3
40. See also Northumberland's 'The Irish Tragedy', The National Review (January 1922), 611-20
41. 'The Indian Danger, II', 16 February 1922, 1-2
42. Northumberland, 'An Englishman's View of the Near East', 28 September 1922, 117-18
43. Lord Sydenham, 'Palestine in Danger',13 July 1922, 5
44. Sydenham, 'Palestine in Danger', 13 July 1922, 5
45. See also Markku Ruotsila, 'Lord Sydenham of Combe's World Jewish Conspiracy', Patterns of Prejudice, 34 (July 2000), 47-64
46. Lindemann, Esau's Tears, op. cit., esp. chap. 11
47. Northumberland's articles 'What of the Night', 17 January 1924, 369-70
48. See also Northumberland, 'Nationalization', The National Review (July 1920), 650-1
49. George A. Scott, 'The World Conspiracy', 28 September 1922, 122
50. Boris Brasol, 'The Red Offensive in America', 23 February and 1 March 1923, 41-2, 69
51. also Boris Brasol, The World at the Crossroads (London 1922)
52. and 'Quem Deus Vult Perdere' (May 1922), 360-1
53. J.B. Cardale, Four Discourses Addressed to Young Men (London 1877), 52-9
54. H.W. Thiersch, On Christian Commonwealth (Edinburgh 1877), 82-91
55. See also D.W. Bebbington, Evangelicalism in Modern Britain: A History from the 1730s to the 1980s (London 1993), 78-91
56. Columba Graham Flegg, 'Gathered Under Apostles': A Study of the Catholic Apostolic Church (Oxford 1992), esp. 325-42, 359-77
57. 'Lord Balfour - Zionist', 2 April 1925, 478-9
58. R.A. Davenport, Albury Apostles (London 1970), 204-11
59. Paul Boyer, When Time Shall Be No More: Prophecy Belief in Modern American Culture (Cambridge, MA 1999), chaps 3 and 6
60. Northumberland's 'The Historical Origin and Development of Bolshevism: A Study in the Decay of Authority', The National Review (May 1924), 364-85
61. and The History of World Revolution (Hayes, Middlesex 1954)
62. Nesta Webster, 'Illuminism and the Clergy', 14 April 1927, 345-7
63. Ludwig Albrecht, Sozialismus und Kommunismus (Belin 1925), 8, 12-13. Albrecht was a widely-published and widely-read 'archangel', or apostolic archbishop, of the Catholic Apostolic Church, based in Bremen in Germany
64. A.W. Cough, The Fight for Man (London 1924), esp. 9-11, 46-9, 76-7
65. E.L. Längsten, 'The Judgement of Nations', The Monthly Bulletin of the Advent Preparation Prayer Union, March 1920, 75-7
66. Christabel Pankhurst, The World's Unrest: Visions of the Dawn (London 1926), passim
67. For the complexities of the pre-millenarian relationship with Jewry, see also David A. Rausch, Fundamentalist-Evangelicals and Anti-Semitism (Valley Forge, PA 1993)
68. 'A Die-Hard of 1922', 10 March 1927, 222
69. 'Notes and Comments', Advent Witness, February 1925, 16
70. Thurlow, Fascism in Britain, op. cit., 60-1
71. See Bryan Cheyette, 'Hilaire Belloc and the "Marconi Scandal", 1900-1914: A Reassessment of the Interactionist Model of Racial Hatred' in Tony Kushner and Kenneth Lunn (eds), The Politics of Marginality: Race, the Radical Right, and Minorities in Twentieth Century Britain (London 1990), 131-9