Phrenic nerve transfer in the treatment of brachial plexus avulsion: An experimental study of nerve regeneration and muscle morphology in rats

Microsurgery

Volumn 24, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 232-240

  Zhang, Cheng Gang ^a,b,c   Ma, Jian Jun ^a,b,c   Terenghi, Giorgio ^d   Mantovani, Cristina ^d   Wiberg, Mikael ^a,b  

^a UMEÅ UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

^b UMEÅ UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^c FUDAN UNIVERSITY   (China)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; AVULSION INJURY; BRACHIAL PLEXUS; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; MOTONEURON; MUSCLE CELL; NERVE REGENERATION; NERVE TRANSPLANTATION; NONHUMAN; PHRENIC NERVE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; SENSORY NERVE CELL; SPINAL GANGLION;

ANIMALS; BRACHIAL PLEXUS NEUROPATHIES; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; FEMALE; MOTOR NEURONS; MUSCLE FIBERS; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE; NERVE REGENERATION; NERVE TRANSFER; PHRENIC NERVE; RATS; RATS, SPRAGUE-DAWLEY; REFERENCE VALUES;

EID: 2642546473     PISSN: 07381085     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/micr.20015     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Terzis JK, Vekris MD, Soucacos PN. Outcomes of brachial plexus reconstruction in 204 patients with devastating paralysis. Plast Reconstr Surg 1999;104:1221-1240.
2. Nagano A, Tsuyama N, Ochiai N, Hara T, Takahashi M. Direct nerve crossing with the intercostal nerve to treat avulsion injuries of the brachial plexus. J Hand Surg [Am] 1989;14:980-985.
3. Chuang DCC. Neurotization procedures for brachial plexus injuries. Hand Clin 1995;11:633-645.
4. Millesi H. Brachial plexus injuries. Nerve grafting. Clin Orthop 1988;237:36-42.
5. Narakas AO, Hentz VR. Neurotization in brachial plexus injuries. Indication and results. Clin Orthop 1988;237:43-56.
6. Yeoman PM, Seddon HJ. Brachial plexus injuries. Treatment of the flail arm. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 1961;43:493-508.
7. Allieu Y, Privat JM, Bonnel F. Paralysis in root avulsion of the brachial plexus. Neurotization by the spinal accessory nerve. Clin Plast Surg 1984;11:133-136.
8. Malessy MJ, Hoffmann CF, Thomeer RT. Initial report on the limited value of hypoglossal nerve transfer to treat brachial plexus root avulsions. J. Neurosurg 1999;91:601-604.
9. Gu YD, Wu MM, Zhen YL, Zhao JA, Zhang GM, Chen DS, Yan JG, Cheng XM. Phrenic nerve transfer for treatment of root avulsion of the brachial plexus. Chin Med J [Engl] 1990;103: 267-270.
10. Gu YD, Ma MK. Use of phrenic nerve for brachial plexus reconstruction. Clin Orthop 1996;323:119-121.
11. Gu YD, Ma MK. Nerve transfer for treatment of root avulsion of the brachial plexus: experimental studies in a rat model. J Reconstr Microsurg 1991;7:15-22.
12. Gu YD, Wu MM, Zhen YL, Zhao JA, Zhang GM, Chen DS, Yan JG, Cheng XM. Phrenic nerve transfer for brachial plexus motor neurotization. Microsurgery 1989;10:287-289.
13. Brunelli G, Monini L. Neurotization of avulsed roots of brachial plexus by means of anterior nerves of cervical plexus. Clin Plast Surg 1984;11:149-152.
14. Brunelli G. Neurotization of avulsed roots of the brachial plexus by means of anterior nerves of the brachial plexus: preliminary report. Int J Microsurg 1980;2:55-58.
15. Gu YD, Zhang GM, Chen DS, Yan JG, Cheng XM, Chen L. Seventh cervical nerve root transfer from the contralateral healthy side for treatment of brachial plexus root avulsion. J Hand Surg [Br] 1992;17:518-521.
16. Chen HJ, Pan YY. Influence of unilateral phrenic nerve transection on respiratory function. Chin J Hand Surg 1990; 6:11-12.
17. Miao JY, Gao JC, Xiao XM. The changes of respiratory function after phrenic nerve transfer for treatment of obstetric brachial plexus palsy. Chin J Hand Surg 1999;15:242-244.
18. Zhang LY, Gu YD. Follow-up study of lung function after phrenic nerve transfer. Chin J Hand Surg 1994;10:10-11.
19. Zhou SJ, Chen DS, Liang WM. Influence of phrenic nerve transfer on respiratory function in children. Chin J Hand Surg 1996; 12:11-12.
20. Luedemann W, Hamm M, Blomer U. Brachial plexus neurotization with donor phrenic nerve and its effect on pulmonary function. J Neurosurg 2002;96:523-526.
21. Songcharoen P. Brachial plexus injury in Thailand: a report of 520 cases. Microsurgery 1995;16:35-39.
22. Xu WD, Gu YD, Xu JG. Full-length phrenic nerve transfer by means of video-assisted thoracic surgery in treating brachial plexus avulsion injury. Plast Reconstr Surg 2002;110:104-109.
23. Sungpet A, Suphachatwong C, Kawinwonggowit V. Restoration of shoulder abduction in brachial plexus injury with phrenic nerve transfer. Aust N Z J Surg 2000;70:783-785.
24. Inciong JGB, Marrocco WC, Terzis JK. Efficacy of intervention strategies in a brachial plexus global avulsion model in the rat. Plast Reconstr Surg 2000;105:2059-2071.
25. Hart AM, Brannstrom T, Wiberg M, Terenghi G. Primary sensory neurons and satellite cells after peripheral axotomy in the adult rat: time course and cell death and elimination. Exp Brain Res 2002;142:308-318.
26. Himes BT, Tessler A. Death of some dorsal root ganglion neurons and plasticity of others following sciatic nerve section in adult and neonatal rats. J Comp Neurol 1989;284:215-230.
27. Liss AG, af Ekenstam FW, Wiberg M. Cell loss in sensory ganglia after peripheral nerve injury. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg 1994;28:177-187.
28. Liss AG, af Ekenstam FW, Wiberg M. Loss of neurons in the dorsal root ganglia after transection of a peripheral nerve. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg 1996;30:1-6.
29. Ma JJ, Novikov L, Wiberg M, Kellerth JO. Delayed loss of motoneurons after peripheral nerve injury in adult rats: a quantitative morphological study. Exp Brain Res 2001;139:216-223.
30. Ma JJ, Novikov L, Kellerth JO, Wiberg M. Early nerve repair after injury to postganglionic plexus: an experimental study of sensory and motor neuronal survival in adult rats. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg 2003;37:1-9.
31. Terenghi G. Peripheral nerve regeneration and neurotrophic factors. J Anat 1999;194:1-14.
32. Novikova L, Novikov L, Kellerth JO. Persistent neuronal labelling by retrograde fluorescent tracers: a comparison between Fast Blue, Fluoro-Gold and various dextran conjugates. J Neurosci Methods 1997;74:9-15.
33. Coggeshall RE, Lekan HA. Methods for determining numbers of cells and synapses: a case for more uniform standards of review. J Comp Neurol 1996;364:6-15.
34. Fell SC. Surgical anatomy of the diaphragm and the phrenic nerve. Chest Surg Clin North Am 1998;8:281-294.
35. Yao ZB. Investigation of phrenic and accessory phrenic nerve. Chin Anat Acta 1955;1:301-306.
36. Marie JP, Lerosey Y, Dehesdin D, Tadié M, Andrieu-Guitrancourt J. Cervical anatomy of phrenic nerve roots in the rabbit. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1999;108:516-521.
37. Gottschall J, Gruber H. The accessory phrenic nerve in the rat. Anat Embryol (Berl) 1977;151:63-69.
38. Zhang XC, Peng YW. Investigation on the innervation of the diaphragm by retrograde labelling with fluorescent tracer. Chin J Hand Surg 1994;10:16-17.
39. Comerford T, Fitzgerald MJ. Motor innervation of rodent diaphragm. J Anat 1986;149:171-175.
40. Goshgarian HG, Rafols JA. The phrenic nucleus of the albino rat: a correlative HRP and Golgi study. J Comp Neurol 1981;201: 441-456.
41. Webber CL, Wurster RD, Chung JM. Cat phrenic nucleus architecture as revealed by horseradish peroxidase mapping. Exp Brain Res 1979;35:395-406.
42. Fujito Y, Kawasaki H, Aoki M. Motor recovery after cross-reinnervation of a forelimb nerve by the phrenic nerve in cats. Brain Res 1989;492:36-44.
43. Sterne GD, Coulton GR, Brown RA, Green CJ, Terenghi G. Neurotrophin 3 enhanced nerve regeneration selectively improves recovery of muscle fibres expressing myosin heavy chains 2b. J Cell Biol 1997;139:709-715.
44. Fu SY, Gordon T. The cellular and molecular basis of peripheral nerve regeneration. Mol Neurobiol 1997;14:67-116.
45. Thanos PK, Okajima S, Terzis JK, Ultrastructure and cellular biology of nerve regeneration. J Reconstr Microsurg 1998;14: 423-436.
46. Gu YM, Spasic Z, Wu WT. The effects of remaining axons on motor neurons survival and NOS expression following axotomy in the adult rat. Dev Neurosci 1997;19:255-259.
47. Hoffmann CF, Marani E, Oestreicher AB, Thomeer RT. Ventral root avulsion versus transection at the cervical 7 level of the cat spinal cord. Restor Neurol Neurosci 1993;5:291-302.
48. Koliatsos VE, Price DL. Axotomy as an experimental model of neuronal injury and cell death. Brain Pathol 1996;6:447-465.
49. Hart AM, Wiberg M, Youle M, Terenghi G. Systemic acetyl-L-carnitine eliminates sensory neuronal loss after peripheral axotomy: a new clinical approach in the management of peripheral nerve trauma. Exp Brain Res 2002;145:185-189.
50. Hart AM, Wiberg M, Terenghi G. Pharmacological enhancement of peripheral nerve regeneration in the rat by systemic acetyl-L-carnitine treatment. Neurosci Lett 2002;334:181-185.
51. Wiberg M, Hazari A, Ljungberg C, Petterson K, Nordh E, Kvast-Rabben O, Terenghi G. Sensory recovery after hand reimplantation: a clinical, morphological and neurophysiological study in humans. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg 2003;37: 163-173.