Early nerve repair after injury to the postganglionic plexus: An experimental study of sensory and motor neuronal survival in adult rats

Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery

Volumn 37, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 1-9

  Ma, Jianjun ^a   Novikov, Lev N ^a   Kellerth, Jan Olof ^a   Wiberg, Mikael ^a,b  

^a UMEÅ UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^b UMEÅ UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Axotomy; Brachial plexus; Neuronal death

Indexed keywords

ANASTOMOSIS; ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; BRACHIAL PLEXUS INJURY; CELL LABELING; CELL SURVIVAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; NERVE CELL NECROSIS; NERVE FIBER TRANSECTION; NERVE GRAFT; NERVE PLEXUS; NERVE REGENERATION; NONHUMAN; POSTGANGLIONIC NERVE; RAT; SENSORY NERVE CELL; SPINAL CORD MOTONEURON; SPINAL GANGLION; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VASCULARIZATION;

EID: 12244288322     PISSN: 02844311     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/alp.37.1.1.9     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Aldskogius H, Arvidsson J, Grant G. Axotomy-induced changes in primary sensory neurons. In: Scott SA, ed. Sensory neurons: diversity, development and plasticity. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992: 363-383.
2. Allieu Y, Privat JM, Bonnel F. Paralysis in root avulsion of the brachial plexus. Neurotization by the spinal accessory nerve. Clin Plast Surg 1984; 11: 133-136.
3. Arvidsson J, Ygge J, Grant G. Cell loss in lumbar dorsal root ganglia and transganglionic degeneration after sciatic nerve resection in the rat. Brain Res 1986; 373: 15-21.
4. Birch R, Bonney G, Wynn Parry CB. Traumatic lesions of the brachial plexus. In: Birch R, Bonney G, Wynn Parry CB, eds. Surgical disorders of the peripheral nerves. London: Churchill Livingstone, 1998: 157-207.
5. Birch R, Dunkerton M, Bonney G, Jamieson AM. Experience with the free vascularised ulnar nerve graft in repair of supraclavicular lesions of the brachial plexus. Clin Orthop 1988; 237: 96-104.
6. Breidenbach WC, Terzis JK. The blood supply of vascularised nerve grafts. J Reconstr Microsurg 1986; 3: 43-58.
7. Brunelli G. Neurotization of avulsed roots of the brachial plexus by means of anterior nerves of the brachial plexus: preliminary report. Int J Microsurg 1980; 2: 55-58.
8. Chen L, Gu YD. An experimental study of contralateral C7 root transfer with vascularised nerve grafting to treat brachial plexus root avulsion. J Hand Surg 1994; 19B: 60-66.
9. Daly PJ, Wood MB. Endoneural and epineural blood flow evaluation with free vascularised and conventional nerve grafts in the canine. J Reconstr Microsurg 1985; 2: 45-49.
10. Doi K, Tamaru K, Sakai K et al. A comparison of vascularised and conventional sural nerve grafts. J Hand Surg 1992; 17A: 670-676.
11. Fitzgerald M, Wall PD, Goedert M, Emson PC. Nerve growth factor counteracts the neurophysiological and neurochemical effects of chronic sciatic nerve section. Brain Res 1985; 332: 131-141.
12. Friedman B, Scherer SS, Rudge JS. Regulation of ciliary neurotrophic factor expression in myelin-related Schwann cells in vivo. Neuron 1992; 9: 295-305.
13. Glazner GW, Morrison AE, Ishii DN. Elevated insulin-like growth factor (IGF) gene expression in sciatic nerves during IGF-supported nerve regeneration. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1994; 25: 265-272.
14. Gu YD, Shen LY. Electrophysiological changes after severance of the C7 nerve root. J Hand Surg 1994; 19B: 69-71.
15. Gu YD, Wu MM, Zhen YL et al. Phrenic nerve transfer for brachial plexus motor neurotization. Microsurgery 1989; 10: 287-289.
16. Gu YD, Zhang GM, Chen DS, Yan JG, Cheng XM, Chen L. Seventh cervical nerve root transfer from the contralateral healthy side for treatment of brachial plexus root avulsion. J Hand Surg 1992; 17B: 518-521.
17. Gu YD. Distribution of the sensory endings of the C7 nerve root and its clinic significance. J Hand Surg 1994; 19B: 67-68.
18. Hart A, Brannstrom T, Wiberg M, Terenghi G. Time-course of primary sensory neuron and satellite cell death after peripheral axotomy in the adult rat. Exp Brain Res 2002; 142: 308-318.
19. Himes BT, Tessler A. Death of some dorsal root ganglion neurons and plasticity of others following sciatic nerve section in adult and neonatal rats. J Comp Neurol 1989; 284: 215-230.
20. Hökfelt T, Zhang X, Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z. Messenger plasticity in primary sensory neurons following axotomy and its functional implications. Trends Neurosci 1994; 17: 22-30.
21. Johnson IP, Duberley RM. Motoneuron survival and expression of neuropeptides and neurotrophic factor receptors following axotomy in adult and ageing rats. Neuroscience 1998; 84: 141-150.
22. Kanaya F, Firrell J, Tsai TM, Breidenbach WC. Functional results of vascularised versus nonvascularised nerve grafting. Plast Reconstr Surg 1992; 89: 924-930.
23. Karcher H, Kleinert R. Regeneration in vascularised and free nerve grafts. A comparative morphological study in rats. J Maxillofac Surg 1986; 14: 341-343.
24. Kay SP. Obstetrical brachial palsy. Br J Plast Surg 1998; 51: 43-50.
25. Koliatsos VE, Price DL. Axotomy as an experimental model of neuronal injury and cell death. Brain Pathol 1996; 6: 447-465.
26. Koliatsos VE, Price WL, Pardo CA, Price DL. Ventral root avulsion: an experimental model of death of adult motor neurons. J Comp Neurol 1994; 342: 35-44.
27. Koshima I, Harii K. Experimental study of vascularised nerve grafts: morphometric study of axonal regeneration of nerves transplanted into silicone tubes. Ann Plast Surg 1985; 14: 235-243.
28. Koshima I, Harii K. Experimental study of vascularised nerve grafts: multifactorial analyses of axonal regeneration of nerves transplanted into an acute burn wound. J Hand Surg 1985; 10A: 64-72.
29. Lekan HA, Chung K, Yoon YW, Chung JM, Coggeshall RE. Loss of dorsal root ganglion cells concomitant with dorsal root axon sprouting following segmental nerve lesions. Neuroscience 1997; 81: 527-534.
30. Liss AG, af Ekenstam FW, Wiberg M. Cell loss in sensory ganglia after peripheral nerve injury. An anatomical tracer study using lectin-coupled horseradish peroxidase in cats. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg 1994; 28: 177-188.
31. Liss AG, af Ekenstam FW, Wiberg M. Loss of neurons in the dorsal root ganglia after transsection of a peripheral sensory nerve. An anatomical study in monkeys. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg 1996; 30: 1-6.
32. Liss AG, Wiberg M. Loss of nerve endings in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord after a sensory peripheral nerve injury. An anatomical study in monkeys. Eur J Neurosci 1997; 9: 2187-2192.
33. Liu J, Pho RW, Kour AK, Zhang AH, Ong BK. Neurologic deficit and recovery in the donor limb following cross-C7 transfer in brachial-plexus injury. J Reconstr Microsurg 1997; 13: 237-242.
34. Ljungberg C, Novikov L, Kellerth JO, Ebendal T, Wiberg M. The neurotrophins NGF and NT-3 reduce sensory neuronal loss in adult rats after peripheral nerve lesion. Neurosci Lett 1999; 262: 29-32.
35. Ma J, Novikov L, Kellerth J-O, Wiberg M. Delayed loss of spinal motoneurons after peripheral nerve injury in adult rats: a quantitative morphological study. Exp Brain Res 2001; 139: 216-223.
36. Mackinnon SE, Kelly L, Hunter DA. Comparison of regeneration across a vascularised versus conventional nerve graft: case report. Microsurgery 1988; 9: 226-234.
37. Malessy MJ, Hoffmann CF, Thomeer RT. Initial report on the limited value of hypoglossal nerve transfer to treat brachial plexus root avulsions. J Neurosurg 1999; 91: 601-604.
38. Narakas AO, Hentz VR. Neurotization in brachial plexus injuries. Indication and results. Clin Orthop 1988; 237: 43-56.
39. Novikov L, Novikova L, Holmberg P, Kellerth JO. Exogenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor regulates the synaptic composition of axonally lesioned and normal adult rat motoneurons. Neuroscience 2000; 100: 171-181.
40. Novikov L, Novikova L, Kellerth JO. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor promotes survival and blocks nitric oxide synthase expression in adult rat spinal motoneurons after ventral root avulsion. Neurosci Lett 1995; 200: 45-48.
41. Novikova L, Novikov L, Kellerth JO. Persistent neuronal labelling by retrograde fluorescent tracers: a comparison between Fast Blue, Fluoro-Gold and various dextran conjugates. J Neurosci Methods 1997; 74: 9-15.
42. Okinaga S, Nagano A. Can vascularization improve the surgical outcome of the intercostal nerve transfer for traumatic brachial plexus palsy? A clinical comparison of vascularised and non-vascularised methods. Microsurgery 1999; 19: 176-180.
43. Ozcan G, Shenaq S, Mirabi B, Spira M. Nerve regeneration in a bony bed: vascularised versus non-vascularised nerve grafts. Plast Reconstr Surg 1993; 91: 1322-1331.
44. Pho RW, Lee YS, Rujiwetpongstorn V, Pang M. Histological studies of vascularised nerve graft and conventional nerve graft. J Hand Surg 1985; 10B: 45-48.
45. Seckel BR, Ryan SE, Simons JE, Gagne RG, Watkins E Jr. Vascularized versus nonvascularised nerve grafts: an experimental structural comparison. Plast Reconstr Surg 1986; 78: 211-220.
46. Shibata M, Tsai TM, Firrell J, Breidenbach WC. Experimental comparison of vascularised and nonvascularised nerve grafting. J Hand Surg 1988; 13A: 358-365.
47. Snider WD, Elliott JL, Yan Q. Axotomy-induced neuronal death during development. J Neurobiol 1992; 23: 1231-1246.
48. Snider WD, Thanedar S. Target dependence of hypoglossal motor neurons during development and in maturity. J Comp Neurol 1989; 279: 489-498.
49. Springer JE, Mu X, Bergmann LW, Trojanowski JQ. Expression of GDNF mRNA in rat and human nervous tissue. Exp Neurol 1994; 127: 167-170.
50. Terenghi G. Peripheral nerve regeneration and neurotrophic factors. J Anat 1999; 194: 1-14.
51. Terzis JK, Skoulis TG, Soucacos PN. Vascularized nerve grafts. A review. Int Angiol 1995; 14: 264-277.
52. Terzis JK, Vekris MD, Soucacos PN. Outcomes of brachial plexus reconstruction in 204 patients with devastating paralysis. Plast Reconstr Surg 1999; 104: 1221-1240.
53. Thanos PK, Okajima S, Terzis JK. Ultrastructure and cellular biology of nerve regeneration. J Reconstr Microsurg 1998; 14: 423-436.
54. Vanden Noven S, Wallace N, Muccio D, Turtz A, Pinter MJ. Adult spinal motoneurons remain viable despite prolonged absence of functional synaptic contact with muscle. Exp Neurol 1993; 123: 147-156.
55. Vestergaard S, Tandrup T, Jakobsen J. Effect of permanent axotomy on number and volume of dorsal root ganglion cell bodies. J Comp Neurol 1997; 388: 307-312.
56. Yeoman PM, Seddon HJ. Brachial plexus injuries. Treatment of the flail arm. J Bone Joint Surg 1961; 43B: 493-500.
57. Yu WH. Sex difference in neuronal loss induced by axotomy in the rat brain stem motor nuclei. Exp Neurol 1988; 102: 230-235.
58. Zochodne DW, Cheng C. Neurotrophins and other growth factors in the regenerative milieu of proximal nerve stump tips. J Anat 2000; 196: 279-283.