메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 85, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 420-427

Lemur latrines: Observations of latrine behavior in wild primates and possible ecological significance

Author keywords

Chemical communication; Defecation; Latrines; Lemurs; Madagascar; Primates; Resource defense; Scent marking; Territoriality

Indexed keywords

BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE; MAMMAL; OLFACTION; PRIMATE; SCENT MARKING; TERRITORIALITY;

EID: 2642527136     PISSN: 00222372     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1644/1545-1542(2004)085<0420:LLOOLB>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (58)

References (78)
  • 1
    • 0034700498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mistletoe seed dispersal by a marsupial
    • AMICO G., AND M. A. AIZEN. 2000. Mistletoe seed dispersal by a marsupial. Nature 408:929-930.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.408 , pp. 929-930
    • Amico, G.1    Aizen, M.A.2
  • 2
    • 0542420419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the capture, handling, and care of mammals as approved by the American Society of Mammalogists
    • ANIMAL CARE AND USE COMMITTEE. 1998. Guidelines for the capture, handling, and care of mammals as approved by the American Society of Mammalogists. Journal of Mammalogy 79:1416-1431.
    • (1998) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.79 , pp. 1416-1431
  • 3
    • 0041427820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of a day resting box by a wild sportive lemur, Lepilemur dorsalis, on Nosy Be, north-western Madagascar
    • ANDREWS, J., P. ANTILAHIMENA, AND C. R. BIRKINSHAW. 1998. Use of a day resting box by a wild sportive lemur, Lepilemur dorsalis, on Nosy Be, north-western Madagascar. Folia Primatologica 69:18-21.
    • (1998) Folia Primatologica , vol.69 , pp. 18-21
    • Andrews, J.1    Antilahimena, P.2    Birkinshaw, C.R.3
  • 5
    • 0017457812 scopus 로고
    • Urine marking and territoriality in Galago alleni (Waterhouse, 1837 - Lorisoidea, Primates) - A field study by radio-telemetry
    • CHARLES-DOMINIQUE, P. 1977. Urine marking and territoriality in Galago alleni (Waterhouse, 1837 - Lorisoidea, Primates) - a field study by radio-telemetry. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 43:113-138.
    • (1977) Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie , vol.43 , pp. 113-138
    • Charles-Dominique, P.1
  • 7
    • 0029662437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frugivory of Martes martes and Genetta genetta in an insular Mediterranean habitat
    • CLEVENGER, A. P. 1996. Frugivory of Martes martes and Genetta genetta in an insular Mediterranean habitat. Revue d'Écologie (Terre et Vie) 51:19-28.
    • (1996) Revue d'Écologie (Terre et Vie) , vol.51 , pp. 19-28
    • Clevenger, A.P.1
  • 8
    • 0028977604 scopus 로고
    • Communication of ovulatory state to mates by female pygmy marmosets, Cebuella pygmaea
    • CONVERSE, L. J., A. A. CARLSON, T. E. ZIEGLER, AND C. T. SNOWDON. 1995. Communication of ovulatory state to mates by female pygmy marmosets, Cebuella pygmaea. Animal Behaviour 49:615-621.
    • (1995) Animal Behaviour , vol.49 , pp. 615-621
    • Converse, L.J.1    Carlson, A.A.2    Ziegler, T.E.3    Snowdon, C.T.4
  • 9
    • 0026333767 scopus 로고
    • Seed dispersal by greater one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) and the flora of Rhinoceros latrines
    • DINERSTEIN, E. 1991. Seed dispersal by greater one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) and the flora of Rhinoceros latrines. Mammalia 55:355-362.
    • (1991) Mammalia , vol.55 , pp. 355-362
    • Dinerstein, E.1
  • 10
    • 0027387556 scopus 로고
    • Den site can determine shape and size of badger territories: Implications for group-living
    • DONCASTER, C. P., AND R. WOODROFFE. 1993. Den site can determine shape and size of badger territories: implications for group-living. Oikos 66:88-93.
    • (1993) Oikos , vol.66 , pp. 88-93
    • Doncaster, C.P.1    Woodroffe, R.2
  • 13
    • 0002869646 scopus 로고
    • Chemical signals in callitrichid monkeys - A comparative review
    • (D. Duvall, D. Müller-Schwarze, and R. M. Silverstein, eds.). Plenum Press, New York
    • EPPLE, G., A. M. BELCHER, AND A. B. SMITH III. 1986. Chemical signals in callitrichid monkeys - a comparative review. Pp. 653-673 in Chemical signals in vertebrates 4: ecology, evolution and comparative biology (D. Duvall, D. Müller-Schwarze, and R. M. Silverstein, eds.). Plenum Press, New York.
    • (1986) Chemical Signals in Vertebrates 4: Ecology, Evolution and Comparative Biology , pp. 653-673
    • Epple, G.1    Belcher, A.M.2    Smith III, A.B.3
  • 14
    • 0027067301 scopus 로고
    • Leaf chemistry and the biomass of folivorous primates in tropical forests: Test of a hypothesis
    • GANZHORN, J. U. 1992. Leaf chemistry and the biomass of folivorous primates in tropical forests: test of a hypothesis. Oecologia 91:540-547.
    • (1992) Oecologia , vol.91 , pp. 540-547
    • Ganzhorn, J.U.1
  • 15
    • 0002826523 scopus 로고
    • Flexibility and constraints of Lepilemur ecology
    • (P. Kappeler and J. U. Ganzhorn, eds.). Plenum Press, New York
    • GANZHORN, J. U. 1993. Flexibility and constraints of Lepilemur ecology. Pp. 153-166 in Lemur social systems and their ecological basis (P. Kappeler and J. U. Ganzhorn, eds.). Plenum Press, New York.
    • (1993) Lemur Social Systems and Their Ecological Basis , pp. 153-166
    • Ganzhorn, J.U.1
  • 16
    • 0003075262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lemurs of the Kirindy forest
    • (Primate Report 46-1; J. U. Ganzhorn and J -P Sorg, eds.). Erich Goltze GmbH and Co, Göttingen, Germany
    • GANZHORN, J. U., AND P. M. KAPPELER. 1996. Lemurs of the Kirindy forest. Pp. 257-274 in Ecology and economy of a tropical dry forest in Madagascar (Primate Report 46-1; J. U. Ganzhorn and J -P Sorg, eds.). Erich Goltze GmbH and Co, Göttingen, Germany.
    • (1996) Ecology and Economy of a Tropical Dry Forest in Madagascar , pp. 257-274
    • Ganzhorn, J.U.1    Kappeler, P.M.2
  • 17
    • 0031214613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Red howling monkey use of specific defecation sites as a parasite avoidance strategy
    • GILBERT, K. A. 1997. Red howling monkey use of specific defecation sites as a parasite avoidance strategy. Animal Behaviour 54:451-455.
    • (1997) Animal Behaviour , vol.54 , pp. 451-455
    • Gilbert, K.A.1
  • 18
    • 0002441707 scopus 로고
    • A review of predation on lemurs: Implications for the evolution of social behavior in small, nocturnal primates
    • (P. M. Kappeler and J. U. Ganzhorn, eds.). Plenum Press, New York
    • GOODMAN, S. M., S. O'CONNOR, AND O. LANGRAND. 1993. A review of predation on lemurs: implications for the evolution of social behavior in small, nocturnal primates. Pp. 51-66 in Lemur social systems and their ecological basis (P. M. Kappeler and J. U. Ganzhorn, eds.). Plenum Press, New York.
    • (1993) Lemur Social Systems and Their Ecological Basis , pp. 51-66
    • Goodman, S.M.1    O'Connor, S.2    Langrand, O.3
  • 19
    • 0001789835 scopus 로고
    • Scent marking strategies in mammals
    • GORMAN, M. L. 1990. Scent marking strategies in mammals. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 97:3-30.
    • (1990) Revue Suisse de Zoologie , vol.97 , pp. 3-30
    • Gorman, M.L.1
  • 20
    • 0002750921 scopus 로고
    • The role of odor in the social lives of carnivores
    • (J. L. Gittleman, ed.). Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York
    • GORMAN, M. L., AND B. J. TROWBRIDGE. 1989. The role of odor in the social lives of carnivores. Pp. 57-88 in Carnivore behavior, ecology, and evolution (J. L. Gittleman, ed.). Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York.
    • (1989) Carnivore Behavior, Ecology, and Evolution , pp. 57-88
    • Gorman, M.L.1    Trowbridge, B.J.2
  • 21
    • 85005688723 scopus 로고
    • A reassessment of the function of scent marking in territories
    • GOSLING, L. M. 1982. A reassessment of the function of scent marking in territories. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 60:89-118.
    • (1982) Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie , vol.60 , pp. 89-118
    • Gosling, L.M.1
  • 22
    • 0000200174 scopus 로고
    • Economic consequences of scent marking in mammalian territoriality
    • (D. Duvall, D. Müller-Schwarze, and R. M. Silverstein, eds.). Plenum Press, New York
    • GOSLING, L. M. 1986. Economic consequences of scent marking in mammalian territoriality. Pp. 385-395 in Chemical signals in vertebrates 4: ecology, evolution and comparative biology (D. Duvall, D. Müller-Schwarze, and R. M. Silverstein, eds.). Plenum Press, New York.
    • (1986) Chemical Signals in Vertebrates 4: Ecology, Evolution and Comparative Biology , pp. 385-395
    • Gosling, L.M.1
  • 23
    • 0000921328 scopus 로고
    • Scent marking by resource holders: Alternative mechanisms for advertising the costs of competition
    • (D. W. Macdonald, D. Müller-Schwarze, and S. E. Natynczuk, eds.). Oxford University Press, Oxford, United Kingdom
    • GOSLING, L. M. 1990. Scent marking by resource holders: alternative mechanisms for advertising the costs of competition. Pp. 315-328 in Chemical signals in vertebrates 5. (D. W. Macdonald, D. Müller-Schwarze, and S. E. Natynczuk, eds.). Oxford University Press, Oxford, United Kingdom.
    • (1990) Chemical Signals in Vertebrates 5 , pp. 315-328
    • Gosling, L.M.1
  • 26
    • 0017619445 scopus 로고
    • Discrimination between males and females by scent in Lemur fulvus
    • HARRINGTON, J. E. 1977. Discrimination between males and females by scent in Lemur fulvus. Animal Behaviour 25:147-151.
    • (1977) Animal Behaviour , vol.25 , pp. 147-151
    • Harrington, J.E.1
  • 27
    • 85005519686 scopus 로고
    • Responses of Lemur fulvus to scents of different subspecies of Lemur fulvus and to scents of different species of lemuriforms
    • HARRINGTON, J. E. 1979. Responses of Lemur fulvus to scents of different subspecies of Lemur fulvus and to scents of different species of lemuriforms. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 49:1-9.
    • (1979) Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie , vol.49 , pp. 1-9
    • Harrington, J.E.1
  • 29
    • 1642473172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Census of three eastern rainforest sites north of Ranomafana National Park: Preliminary results and implications for lemur conservation
    • IRWIN, M. T., T. M. SMITH, AND P. C. WRIGHT. 2000. Census of three eastern rainforest sites north of Ranomafana National Park: preliminary results and implications for lemur conservation. Lemur News 5:20-22.
    • (2000) Lemur News , vol.5 , pp. 20-22
    • Irwin, M.T.1    Smith, T.M.2    Wright, P.C.3
  • 30
    • 1642554800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A biological inventory of the lemur community of Réserve Spéciale de Kalambatritra, South-Central Madagascar
    • IRWIN, M. T., K. E. SAMONDS, AND J.-L. RAHARISON. 2001. A biological inventory of the lemur community of Réserve Spéciale de Kalambatritra, South-Central Madagascar. Lemur News 6:24-28.
    • (2001) Lemur News , vol.6 , pp. 24-28
    • Irwin, M.T.1    Samonds, K.E.2    Raharison, J.-L.3
  • 31
    • 0004142120 scopus 로고
    • University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois
    • JOLLY, A. 1966. Lemur behavior. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois.
    • (1966) Lemur Behavior
    • Jolly, A.1
  • 32
    • 0000842388 scopus 로고
    • Social status and scent-marking behaviour in Lemur catta
    • KAPPELER, P. M. 1990. Social status and scent-marking behaviour in Lemur catta. Animal Behaviour 40:774-776.
    • (1990) Animal Behaviour , vol.40 , pp. 774-776
    • Kappeler, P.M.1
  • 33
    • 0031803666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • To whom it may concern: The transmission and function of chemical signals in Lemur catta
    • KAPPELER, P. M. 1998. To whom it may concern: the transmission and function of chemical signals in Lemur catta. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 42:411-421.
    • (1998) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.42 , pp. 411-421
    • Kappeler, P.M.1
  • 34
    • 0034908702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lemur responses to diurnal raptor calls in Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar
    • KARPANTY, S. M., AND R. GRELLA. 2001. Lemur responses to diurnal raptor calls in Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Folia Primatologica 72:100-103.
    • (2001) Folia Primatologica , vol.72 , pp. 100-103
    • Karpanty, S.M.1    Grella, R.2
  • 35
    • 0033844841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geophagy among primates: Adaptive significance and ecological consequences
    • KRISHNAMANI, R., AND W. C. MAHANEY. 2000. Geophagy among primates: adaptive significance and ecological consequences. Animal Behaviour 59:899-915.
    • (2000) Animal Behaviour , vol.59 , pp. 899-915
    • Krishnamani, R.1    Mahaney, W.C.2
  • 36
    • 0027046546 scopus 로고
    • Scent marking by otters (Lutra lutra): Signaling the use of resources
    • KRUUK, H. 1992. Scent marking by otters (Lutra lutra): signaling the use of resources. Behavioral Ecology 3:133-140.
    • (1992) Behavioral Ecology , vol.3 , pp. 133-140
    • Kruuk, H.1
  • 38
    • 0037452884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relaxed selective pressure on an essential component of pheromone transduction in primate evolution
    • LIMAN, E. R., AND H. INNAN. 2003. Relaxed selective pressure on an essential component of pheromone transduction in primate evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100:3328-3332.
    • (2003) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , vol.100 , pp. 3328-3332
    • Liman, E.R.1    Innan, H.2
  • 39
    • 0001387296 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of scent marking with urine and faeces amongst carnivore communities
    • MACDONALD, D. W. 1980. Patterns of scent marking with urine and faeces amongst carnivore communities. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 45:107-139.
    • (1980) Symposia of the Zoological Society of London , vol.45 , pp. 107-139
    • Macdonald, D.W.1
  • 40
    • 0016803343 scopus 로고
    • Discrimination of individuals by scent in aprimate
    • MERTL, A. S. 1975. Discrimination of individuals by scent in aprimate. Behavioral Biology 14:505-509.
    • (1975) Behavioral Biology , vol.14 , pp. 505-509
    • Mertl, A.S.1
  • 41
    • 0018592362 scopus 로고
    • Olfactory demarcation of territorial boundaries by a primate - Propithecus verreauxi
    • MERTL-MILHOLLEN, A. S. 1979. Olfactory demarcation of territorial boundaries by a primate - Propithecus verreauxi. Folia Primatologica 32:35-42.
    • (1979) Folia Primatologica , vol.32 , pp. 35-42
    • Mertl-Milhollen, A.S.1
  • 42
    • 0001503834 scopus 로고
    • Olfactory demarcation of territorial but not home range boundaries by Lemur catta
    • MERTL-MILHOLLEN, A. S. 1988. Olfactory demarcation of territorial but not home range boundaries by Lemur catta. Folia Primatologica 50:175-187.
    • (1988) Folia Primatologica , vol.50 , pp. 175-187
    • Mertl-Milhollen, A.S.1
  • 43
    • 0002319176 scopus 로고
    • Distribution and conservation of two endangered sifakas in northern Madagascar
    • MEYERS, D. M., AND J. RATSIRARSON. 1989. Distribution and conservation of two endangered sifakas in northern Madagascar. Primate Conservation 10:81-86.
    • (1989) Primate Conservation , vol.10 , pp. 81-86
    • Meyers, D.M.1    Ratsirarson, J.2
  • 45
    • 2642584006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Encounter rate estimates on Lepilemur leucopus and Microcebus murinus at Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve, southwestern Madagascar
    • NASH, L. 2000. Encounter rate estimates on Lepilemur leucopus and Microcebus murinus at Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve, southwestern Madagascar. Lemur News 5:38-40.
    • (2000) Lemur News , vol.5 , pp. 38-40
    • Nash, L.1
  • 48
    • 0013653731 scopus 로고
    • Observations eco-ethologiques sur les lémuriens malgaches du genre Hapalemur
    • PETTER J.-J., AND A. PEYRIERAS. 1970. Observations eco-ethologiques sur les lémuriens malgaches du genre Hapalemur. Revue d'Écologie (La Terre et la Vie) 24:356-382.
    • (1970) Revue d'Écologie (La Terre et la Vie) , vol.24 , pp. 356-382
    • Petter, J.-J.1    Peyrieras, A.2
  • 49
    • 0000701868 scopus 로고
    • Observations eco-ethologiques sur deux lémuriens malgaches nocturnes: Phaner furcifer et Microcebus coquereli
    • PETTER, J.-J., A. SCHILLING, AND G. PARIENTE. 1971. Observations eco-ethologiques sur deux lémuriens malgaches nocturnes: Phaner furcifer et Microcebus coquereli. Revue d'Écologie (La Terre et la Vie) 25:287-327.
    • (1971) Revue d'Écologie (La Terre et la Vie) , vol.25 , pp. 287-327
    • Petter, J.-J.1    Schilling, A.2    Pariente, G.3
  • 50
    • 0027100851 scopus 로고
    • Frugivory and seed dispersal by the European badger in a Mediterranean habitat
    • PIGOZZI, G. 1992. Frugivory and seed dispersal by the European badger in a Mediterranean habitat. Journal of Mammalogy 73:630-639.
    • (1992) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.73 , pp. 630-639
    • Pigozzi, G.1
  • 51
    • 0039724436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influences on the distribution of Lepilemur microdon in the Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar
    • PORTER, L. M. 1998. Influences on the distribution of Lepilemur microdon in the Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Folia Primatologica 69:172-176.
    • (1998) Folia Primatologica , vol.69 , pp. 172-176
    • Porter, L.M.1
  • 52
    • 0035730998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The fate of Attalea phalerata (Palmae) seeds dispersed to a tapir latrine
    • QUIROGA-CASTRO, V., AND A. I. ROLDÁN. 2001. The fate of Attalea phalerata (Palmae) seeds dispersed to a tapir latrine. Biotropica 33:472-477.
    • (2001) Biotropica , vol.33 , pp. 472-477
    • Quiroga-Castro, V.1    Roldán, A.I.2
  • 53
    • 0015211135 scopus 로고
    • Mammalian scent marking
    • RALLS, K. 1971. Mammalian scent marking. Science 171:443-449.
    • (1971) Science , vol.171 , pp. 443-449
    • Ralls, K.1
  • 54
    • 0033999054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infanticide by a male Milne-Edwards' sportive Lemur (Lepilemur edwardsi) in Ampijoroa, NW Madagascar
    • RASOLOHARIJAONA, S., B. RAKOTOSAMIMANANA, AND E. ZIMMERMAN. 2000. Infanticide by a male Milne-Edwards' sportive Lemur (Lepilemur edwardsi) in Ampijoroa, NW Madagascar. International Journal of Primatology 21:41-45.
    • (2000) International Journal of Primatology , vol.21 , pp. 41-45
    • Rasoloharijaona, S.1    Rakotosamimanana, B.2    Zimmerman, E.3
  • 55
    • 0033743237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mass change, environmental variability and female fertility in wild Propithecus verreauxi
    • RICHARD, A. F., R. E. DEWAR, M. SCHWARTZ, AND J. RATSIRARSON. 2000. Mass change, environmental variability and female fertility in wild Propithecus verreauxi. Journal of Human Evolution 39:381-391.
    • (2000) Journal of Human Evolution , vol.39 , pp. 381-391
    • Richard, A.F.1    Dewar, R.E.2    Schwartz, M.3    Ratsirarson, J.4
  • 56
    • 0002243640 scopus 로고
    • Badger setts as a limiting resource
    • (T. J. Hayden, ed.). Royal Irish Academy, Dublin, Ireland
    • ROPER, T. J. 1993. Badger setts as a limiting resource. Pp. 26-34 in The badger (T. J. Hayden, ed.). Royal Irish Academy, Dublin, Ireland.
    • (1993) The Badger , pp. 26-34
    • Roper, T.J.1
  • 57
    • 0022849599 scopus 로고
    • Scent marking with faeces and anal secretion in the European badger (Meles meles): Seasonal and spatial characteristics of latrine use in relation to territoriality
    • ROPER, T. J., D. J. SHEPHERDSON, AND J. M. DAVIES. 1986. Scent marking with faeces and anal secretion in the European badger (Meles meles): seasonal and spatial characteristics of latrine use in relation to territoriality. Behaviour 97:94-117.
    • (1986) Behaviour , vol.97 , pp. 94-117
    • Roper, T.J.1    Shepherdson, D.J.2    Davies, J.M.3
  • 58
    • 0027870784 scopus 로고
    • Territorial marking with faeces in badgers (Meles meles): A comparison of boundary and hinterland latrine use
    • ROPER, T. J., L. CONRADT, J. BUTLER, S. E. CHRISTIAN, J. OSTLER, AND T. K. SCHMID. 1993. Territorial marking with faeces in badgers (Meles meles): a comparison of boundary and hinterland latrine use. Behaviour 127:289-307.
    • (1993) Behaviour , vol.127 , pp. 289-307
    • Roper, T.J.1    Conradt, L.2    Butler, J.3    Christian, S.E.4    Ostler, J.5    Schmid, T.K.6
  • 60
    • 0002793558 scopus 로고
    • A study of marking behavior in Lemur catta
    • (R. D. Martin, G. A. Doyle, and A. C. Walker, eds.). Duckworth, London, United Kingdom
    • SCHILLING, A. 1974. A study of marking behavior in Lemur catta, Pp. 347-362 in Prosimian biology (R. D. Martin, G. A. Doyle, and A. C. Walker, eds.). Duckworth, London, United Kingdom.
    • (1974) Prosimian Biology , pp. 347-362
    • Schilling, A.1
  • 61
    • 0002472763 scopus 로고
    • Olfactory communication in primates
    • (G. A. Doyle and R. D. Martin, eds.). Academic Press, New York
    • SCHILLING, A. 1979. Olfactory communication in primates. Pp. 461-542 in The study of prosimian behavior (G. A. Doyle and R. D. Martin, eds.). Academic Press, New York.
    • (1979) The Study of Prosimian Behavior , pp. 461-542
    • Schilling, A.1
  • 62
    • 0000564835 scopus 로고
    • The possible role of urine in territoriality of some nocturnal prosimians
    • SCHILLING, A. 1980a. The possible role of urine in territoriality of some nocturnal prosimians. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 45:165-193.
    • (1980) Symposia of the Zoological Society of London , vol.45 , pp. 165-193
    • Schilling, A.1
  • 63
    • 0345098366 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variation in the fecal marking of Cheirogaleus medius in simulated climatic conditions
    • (P. Charles-Dominique et al., eds.). Academic Press, New York
    • SCHILLING, A. 1980b. Seasonal variation in the fecal marking of Cheirogaleus medius in simulated climatic conditions. Pp. 181-190 in Nocturnal Malagasy primates: ecology, physiology and behavior (P. Charles-Dominique et al., eds.). Academic Press, New York.
    • (1980) Nocturnal Malagasy Primates: Ecology, Physiology and Behavior , pp. 181-190
    • Schilling, A.1
  • 64
    • 1942526415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lemurs of the Réserve Spéciale d'Anjanaharibe-Sud, Madagascar
    • SCHMID, J., AND R. SMOLKER. 1998. Lemurs of the Réserve Spéciale d'Anjanaharibe-Sud, Madagascar. Fieldiana: Zoology 90:227-238.
    • (1998) Fieldiana: Zoology , vol.90 , pp. 227-238
    • Schmid, J.1    Smolker, R.2
  • 65
    • 0014467707 scopus 로고
    • Die Bedeutung geruchlicher Orientierung beim Plumplori Nycticebus coucang Boddaert 1785 (Prosimii, Lorisidae)
    • SEITZ, E. 1969. Die Bedeutung geruchlicher Orientierung beim Plumplori Nycticebus coucang Boddaert 1785 (Prosimii, Lorisidae). Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 26:73-103.
    • (1969) Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie , vol.26 , pp. 73-103
    • Seitz, E.1
  • 66
    • 0030619940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional biodiversity planning and lemur conservation with GIS in western Madagascar
    • SMITH, A. P., N. HORNING, AND D. MOORE. 1997. Regional biodiversity planning and lemur conservation with GIS in western Madagascar. Conservation Biology 11:498-512.
    • (1997) Conservation Biology , vol.11 , pp. 498-512
    • Smith, A.P.1    Horning, N.2    Moore, D.3
  • 67
    • 0006746021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid assessment of richness and density of primate species on the Masoala Peninsula, Eastern Madagascar
    • STERLING, E. J., AND N. RAKOTOARISON. 1998. Rapid assessment of richness and density of primate species on the Masoala Peninsula, Eastern Madagascar. Folia Primatologica 69:109-116.
    • (1998) Folia Primatologica , vol.69 , pp. 109-116
    • Sterling, E.J.1    Rakotoarison, N.2
  • 69
    • 0028977020 scopus 로고
    • Attraction of kestrels to vole scent marks visible in ultraviolet light
    • VIITALA, J., E. KORPIMÄKI, P. PALOKANGAS, AND M. KOIVULA. 1995. Attraction of kestrels to vole scent marks visible in ultraviolet light. Nature 373:425-427.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.373 , pp. 425-427
    • Viitala, J.1    Korpimäki, E.2    Palokangas, P.3    Koivula, M.4
  • 70
    • 0030664921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparative study of the ranging behavior, activity rhythms and sociality of Lepilemur edwardsi (Primates, Lepilemuridae) and Avahi occidentalis (Primates, Indriidae) at Ampijoroa, Madagascar
    • London
    • WARREN, R. D., AND R. H. CROMPTON. 1997. A comparative study of the ranging behavior, activity rhythms and sociality of Lepilemur edwardsi (Primates, Lepilemuridae) and Avahi occidentalis (Primates, Indriidae) at Ampijoroa, Madagascar. Journal of Zoology (London) 243:397-415.
    • (1997) Journal of Zoology , vol.243 , pp. 397-415
    • Warren, R.D.1    Crompton, R.H.2
  • 71
    • 0025694149 scopus 로고
    • Patterns in the production of latrines by water voles (Arvicola terrestris) and their use as indices of abundance in population surveys
    • London
    • WOODROFFE, G. L., J. H. LAWTON, AND W. L. DAVIDSON. 1990. Patterns in the production of latrines by water voles (Arvicola terrestris) and their use as indices of abundance in population surveys. Journal of Zoology (London) 220:439-445.
    • (1990) Journal of Zoology , vol.220 , pp. 439-445
    • Woodroffe, G.L.1    Lawton, J.H.2    Davidson, W.L.3
  • 72
    • 0010127718 scopus 로고
    • Diet, ranging behavior and activity pattern of the gentle lemur (Hapalemur griseus) in Madagascar
    • WRIGHT, P. C. 1986. Diet, ranging behavior and activity pattern of the gentle lemur (Hapalemur griseus) in Madagascar. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 70:283.
    • (1986) American Journal of Physical Anthropology , vol.70 , pp. 283
    • Wright, P.C.1
  • 73
    • 0024920590 scopus 로고
    • The nocturnal primate niche in the New World
    • WRIGHT, P. C. 1989. The nocturnal primate niche in the New World. Journal of Human Evolution 18:635-658.
    • (1989) Journal of Human Evolution , vol.18 , pp. 635-658
    • Wright, P.C.1
  • 74
    • 0002948398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lemur traits and Madagascar ecology: Coping with an island environment
    • WRIGHT, P. C. 1999. Lemur traits and Madagascar ecology: coping with an island environment. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 42:31-72.
    • (1999) Yearbook of Physical Anthropology , vol.42 , pp. 31-72
    • Wright, P.C.1
  • 75
    • 0542408619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predation of Milne-Edward's sifaka (Propithecus diadema edwardsi) by the fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox) in the rain forest of southeastern Madagascar
    • WRIGHT, P. C., S. K. HECKSCHER, AND A. E. DUNHAM. 1997. Predation of Milne-Edward's sifaka (Propithecus diadema edwardsi) by the fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox) in the rain forest of southeastern Madagascar. Folia Primatologica 68:34-43.
    • (1997) Folia Primatologica , vol.68 , pp. 34-43
    • Wright, P.C.1    Heckscher, S.K.2    Dunham, A.E.3
  • 76
    • 0009472990 scopus 로고
    • Predation, pollination and torpor in two nocturnal prosimians: Cheirogaleus major and Microcebus rufus in the rain forest of Madagascar
    • (L. Alterman, G. A. Doyle, and M, K. Izard, eds.). Plenum Press, New York
    • WRIGHT, P. C., AND L. B. MARTIN. 1995. Predation, pollination and torpor in two nocturnal prosimians: Cheirogaleus major and Microcebus rufus in the rain forest of Madagascar. Pp. 45-60 in Creatures of the dark: the nocturnal prosimians (L. Alterman, G. A. Doyle, and M, K. Izard, eds.). Plenum Press, New York.
    • (1995) Creatures of the Dark: The Nocturnal Prosimians , pp. 45-60
    • Wright, P.C.1    Martin, L.B.2
  • 78
    • 0030481608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics and adaptive significance of latrines of swamp rabbit (Sylvilagus aquaticus)
    • ZOLLNER, P. A., W. P. SMITH, AND L. A. BRENNAN. 1996. Characteristics and adaptive significance of latrines of swamp rabbit (Sylvilagus aquaticus). Journal of Mammalogy 77:1049-1058.
    • (1996) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.77 , pp. 1049-1058
    • Zollner, P.A.1    Smith, W.P.2    Brennan, L.A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.