Secrets revealed by southern vowel shifting

American Speech

Volumn 78, Issue 2, 2003, Pages

  Thomas, Erik R ^a  

^a NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 2642515819     PISSN: 00031283     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1215/00031283-78-2-150     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (73)

1. Andruski, Jean E., and Terrance M. Nearey. 1992. "On the Sufficiency of Compound Target Specification of Isolated Vowels in /bVb/ Syllables. "Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 91: 390-410.
2. Assman, Peter F., Terrance M. Nearey, and John T. Hogan. 1982. "Vowel Identification: Orthographic, Perceptual, and Acoustic Aspects. "Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 71: 975-89.
3. Bailey, Charles-James N. 1968. "Segmental Length in Southern States English: An Instrumental Phonetic Representation of a Standard Dialect in South Carolina." PEGS Paper No. 20. ERIC/PEGS. Washington, D.C.: Center for Applied Linguistics.
4. Chambers, J. K. 1973. "Canadian Raising." Canadian Journal of Linguistics 18: 113-35.
5. _. 1991. "Canada." In English around the World: Sociolinguistic Perspectives, ed. Jenny Cheshire, 89-107. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
6. Chepesink, Ron. 2000. The Scotch-Irish: From the North of Ireland to the Making of America. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland.
7. Chomsky, Noam, and Morris Halle. 1968. The Sound Pattern of English. New York: Harper and Row.
8. Coleman, John. 2002. "phonetic Representation in the Mental Lexicon." In Phonetics, Phonology, and Cognition, ed. Jacques Durand and Bernard Laks, 96-130. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.
9. DARE. Dictionary of American Regional English. 1985-. Vol. 1 (A-C), ed. Frederic G. Cassidy. Vols. 2 (D-H) and 3 (I-O), ed. Frederic G. Cassidy and Joan Houston Hall. Vol. 4 (P-Sk), ed. Joan Houston Hall. 4 vols, to date. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard Univ. Press.
10. Edgerton, William B. 1935. "Another Note on the Southern Pronunciation of 'Long i.'" American Speech 10: 190.
11. Engstrand, Olle, Robert McAllister, and Björn Lindblom. 1996. "Investigating the 'Trough': Vowel Dynamics and Aerodynamics. "Journal of the Acoustical Sodety of America 100: 2659-60.
12. Evans, Medford. 1935. "Southern 'Long i.'" American Speech 10: 188-90.
13. Feagin, Crawford. 1987. "A Closer Look at the Southern Drawl: Variation Taken to Extremes." In Variation in Language: NWAV-XV at Stanford: Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Conference on New Ways of Analyzing Variation, ed. Keith M. Denning, Sharon Inkelas, Faye C. McNair-Knox, and John C. Rickford, 137-50. Stanford, Calif.: Dept. of Linguistics, Stanford Univ.
14. Greet, William Cabell. 1931. "A Phonographic Expedition to Williamsburg, Virginia." American Speech 6: 161-72.
15. _. 1933. "Delmarva Speech." American Speech 8: 56-62.
16. Hall Joseph Sargent. 1942. The Phonetics of Great Smoky Mountain Speech. American Speech Reprints and Monographs 4. New York: King's Cross. Published as part 2 of American Speech 17.2.
17. Hankey, Clyde T. 1972. "Notes on West Penn-Ohio Phonology." In Studies in Linguistics in Honor of Raven I. McDavid, Jr., ed. Lawrence M. Davis, 49-61. University: Univ. of Alabama Press.
18. Hartman, James W. 1985. "Guide to Pronunciation." In DARE, 1: xli-lxi.
19. Hayes, Bruce. 1990. "Diphthongization and Coindexing." Phonology 7: 31-71.
20. Hillenbrand James M., and Terrance M. Nearey. 1999. "Identification of Resynthesized /hVd/ Utterances: Effects of Formant Contour." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 105: 3509-23.
21. Howren, Robert. 1962. "The Speech of Ocracoke, North Carolina." American Speech 37:163-75.
22. Johnson, H. P. 1928. "Who Lost the Southern 'r'?" American Speech 3: 377-83.
23. Johnstone, Barbara, Neeta Bhasin, and Denise Wittkofski. 2002. "'Dahntahn' Pittsburgh: Monophthongal /aw/ and Representations of Localness in Southwestern Pennsylvania." American Speech 77: 148-66.
24. Jones, Daniel. 1966. The Pronunciation of English. 4th ed. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
25. Joos, Martin. 1942. "A Phonological Dilemma in Canadian English." Language 18: 141-44.
26. Kerswill, Paul, and Ann Williams. 1994. "A New Dialect in a New City: Children's and Adults' Speech in Milton Keynes." Final report submitted to the Economic and Social Research Council.
27. Kingston, John, and Randy L. Diehl. 1994. "Phonetic Knowledge." Language 70: 419-54.
28. Kingston, John, Neil A. Macmillan, Laura Walsh Dickey, Rachel Thorburn, and Christine Bartels. 1997. "Integrality in the Perception of Tongue Root Position and Voice Quality in Vowels. "Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 101: 1696-1709.
29. Kretzschmar, William A., Jr., Virginia G. McDavid, Theodore K. Lerud, and Ellen Johnson, eds. 1994. Handbook of the Linguistic Atlas of the Middle and South Atlantic States. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.
30. Kurath, Hans, and Raven I. McDavid, Jr. 1961. Pronunciation of English in the Atlantic States. Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan Press.
31. Labov, William. 1991. "The Three Dialects of English." In New Ways of Analyzing Sound Change, ed. Penelope Eckert, 1-44. New York: Academic.
32. _. 1994. Principles of Linguistic Change. Vol. 1, Internal Factors. Language in Society 20. Oxford: Blackwell.
33. Labov, William,. Sharon Ash, and Charles Boberg. Forthcoming. Phonological Atlas of North American English. Berlin: de Gruyter.
34. Labov, William, Malcah Yaeger, and Richard Steiner. 1972. A Quantitative Study of Sound Change in Progress. Philadelphia: U.S. Regional Survey.
35. Lehiste, Use, and Gordon E. Peterson. 1961. "Transitions, Glides, and Diphthongs. " Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 33: 268-77.
36. Leyburn, James G. 1962. The Scotch-Irish: A Social History. Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina Press.
37. Liljencrants, Johan, and Björn Lindblom, 1972. "Numerical Simulation of Vowel Quality Systems: The Role of Perceptual Contrast." Language 48: 839-62.
38. Lindau, Mona. 1978. "Vowel Features." Language 54: 541-63.
39. Lindblom, Björn. 1986. "Phonetic Universals in Vowel Systems." In Experimental Phonology, ed. John J. Ohala and Jeri J. Jaeger, 13-44. Orlando, Fla.: Academic.
40. Lowman, Guy S., Jr. 1936. "The Treatment of au in Virginia." In Proceedings of the Second International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, ed. Daniel Jones and D. B. Fry, 122-25. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
41. Maddieson, Ian. 1997. "Phonetic Universals." In The Handbook of Phonetic Sciences, ed. William J. Hardcastle and John Laver, 619-39. Oxford: Blackwell.
42. McAllister, Robert, and Olle Engstrand. 1991. "Some Cross Language Aspects of Co-articulation." In PERILUS XIV, December 1991. Papers from the Symposium. Current Phonetic Research Paradigms: Implications for Speech Motor Control, Held in Stockholm, August 13-16, 1991, ed. Olle Engstrand and Catharina Kylander, 7-10. Stockholm: Institute of Linguistics, Univ. of Stockholm.
43. McMillan, James B., and Michael B. Montgomery. 1989. Annotated Bibliography of Southern American English. Tuscaloosa: Univ. of Alabama Press.
44. Moreton, Elliott. Forthcoming. "Realization of the English Postvocalic [Voice] Contrast in F1 and F2." Journal of Phonetics.
45. Moreton, Elliott, and Erik R. Thomas. 2003. "The Role of Pre-voiceless Hyperarticulation in the Development of Canadian Raising and Southern Monophthongization." Unpublished MS.
46. Ohala, John J. 1993. "The Phonetics of Sound Change." In Historical Linguistics: Problems and Perspectives, ed. Charles Jones, 237-78. London: Longman.
47. Pederson, Lee A., Susan Leas McDaniel, Guy Bailey, Marvin H. Bassett, Carol M. Adams, Caisheng Liao, and Michael Montgomery, eds. 1986-92, Linguistic Atlas of the Gulf States. 7 vols. Athens: Univ. of Georgia Press.
48. Peeters, Wilhelmus Johannes Maria. 1991. "Diphthong Dynamics: A Cross-Linguistic Perceptual Analysis of Temporal Patterns in Dutch, English, and German." Ph.D. diss., Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht.
49. Schilling-Estes, Natalie, and Walt Wolfram. 1999. "Alternative Models of Dialect Death: Dissipation vs. Concentration." Language 75: 486-521.
50. Schremp, Mary Berni. 1995. "The Distribution of [æi] in the American South." Master's thesis, Univ. of Memphis.
51. Schwartz, Jean-Marie, Louis-Jean Boë, Nathalie Vallée, and Christian Abry. 1997. "The Dispersion-Focalization Theory of Vowel Systems. "Journal of Phonetics 25: 255-86.
52. Shewmake, Edwin F. 1925. "Laws of Pronunciation in Eastern Virginia." Modern Language Notes 40: 489-92.
53. Stockwell, Robert, and Donka Minkova. 1988. "The English Vowel Shift: Problems of Coherence and Explanation." In Luick Revisited: Papers Read at the Luick-Symposium at Schloss Lichtenstein 15-18.9.1985, ed. Dieter Kastovsky, Gero Bauer, and Jacek Fisiak, 355-95. Tübingen: Narr.
54. Summers, W. Van. 1987. "Effects of Stress and Final-Consonant Voicing on Vowel Production: Articulatory and Acoustic Analyses. "Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 82: 847-63.
55. thomas, erik r. 1991. "the origin of canadian raising in ontario." canadian journal of linguistics 36: 147-70.
56. _. 1995. "phonetic factors and Perceptual Reanalyses in Sound Change." Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Texas at Austin.
57. _. 2000a. Reevaluating and Refining Peripherally, Washington, D.C.: Educational Resources Information Center. ERIC ED452711.
58. _. 2000b. "Spectral Differences in /ai/ Offsets Conditioned by Voicing of the Following Consonant." Journal of Phonetics 28: 1-25.
59. _. 2001. An Acoustic Analysis of Vowel Variation in New World English. Publication of the American Dialect Society 85. Durham, N.C.: Duke Univ. Press.
60. _. 2002a. "Evidence from Ohio on the Evolution of /æ/." Unpublished MS.
61. _. 2002b. "Instrumental Phonetics." In The Handbook of Language Variation and Change, ed. J. K. Chambers, Peter Trudgill, and Natalie Schilling-Estes, 168-200. Oxford: Blackwell.
62. _. Forthcoming. "Rural Southern White Accents." In Varieties of English: The Americas/Caribbean, vol. 1, Phonology, ed. Edgar W. Schneider. Berlin: de Gruyter
63. Trager, George L., and Henry Lee Smith, Jr. 1957. An Outline of English Structure, 2d ed. Studies in Linguistics: Occasional Papers 3. Washington, D.C.: American Council of Learned Societies.
64. Traunmüller, Hartmut. 1990. "Analytical Expressions for the Tonotopic Sensory Scale." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 88: 97-100.
65. Trudgill, Peter. 1986. Dialects in Contact. Language in Society 10. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.
66. Wells, J. C. 1982. Accents of English. 3 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
67. Wetzell, Brett. 2000. "Rhythm, Dialects, and the Southern Drawl." Master's thesis, North Carolina State Univ.
68. Wilson, George P. 1934. "Some Unrecorded Southern Vowels." American Speech 9: 209-13.
69. Wise, Claude Merton. 1933a. "Southern American Dialect." American Speech 8.2: 37-43.
70. _. 1933b. "The Southern American Drawl." Le Maitre Phonétique, 3d ser., 48.44:69-71.
71. Wolf, Catherine G. 1978. "Voicing Cues in English Final Stops." Journal of Phonetics 6: 299-309.
72. Wolfram, Walt, and Natalie Schilling-Estes. 1995. "Moribund Dialects and the Endangerment Canon: The Case of the Ocracoke Brogue." Language 71: 696-721.
73. Wolfram, Walt, and Erik R. Thomas. 2002. The Development of African American English. Language in Society 31. Oxford: Blackwell.