West Nile encephalitis and myelitis

Current Opinion in Neurology

Volumn 17, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 343-346

  Roos, Karen L ^a  

^a INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Myelitis; West Nile encephalitis

Indexed keywords

HUMAN IMMUNOGLOBULIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M; VIRUS ANTIBODY;

AGYRIA; AMINOTRANSFERASE BLOOD LEVEL; ANTIBODY TITER; AUTOPSY; BLOOD DONOR; CELL CULTURE; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INFECTION; CEREBROSPINAL FLUID; CHORIORETINITIS; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; ENCEPHALITIS; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; FLACCID PARALYSIS; GLIOSIS; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; KIDNEY DISEASE; MOTOR NERVE CONDUCTION; MYELITIS; NEUTROPHIL; NONHUMAN; NUCLEIC ACID AMPLIFICATION; ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION; PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION; PLEOCYTOSIS; REVIEW; SEROLOGY; TRAFFIC ACCIDENT; UNITED STATES; VIRUS IDENTIFICATION; VIRUS INFECTION; VIRUS TRANSMISSION; WEST NILE FLAVIVIRUS;

ANIMALS; ANTIBODIES, VIRAL; ANTIVIRAL AGENTS; BLOOD DONORS; BLOOD TRANSFUSION; BLOOD-BORNE PATHOGENS; COMMUNICABLE DISEASES, EMERGING; HUMANS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M; MYELITIS; ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION; TISSUE DONORS; VIREMIA; WEST NILE FEVER; WEST NILE VIRUS; ZOONOSES;

EID: 2642513119     PISSN: 13507540     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00019052-200406000-00016     Document Type: Review

References (15)

1. CDC. West Nile virus activity: United States, November 20-25, 2003. MMWR November 28. 2003; 52:1160.
2. Pealer LN, Marfin AA, Petersen LR. et al. Transmission of West Nile virus through blood transfusion in the United States in 2002. N Engl J Med 2003; 349:1236-1245.
3. CDC. Detection of West Nile virus in blood donations: United States, 2003. MMWR August 15. 2003; 52:769-771.
4. Iwamoto M, Jernigan DB, Guasch A, et al. Transmission of West Nile virus from an organ donor to four transplant recipients. N Engl J Med 2003; 348:2196-2203. This paper is of interest because of the lack of evidence of West Nile virus immunoglobulin M antibody in cerebrospinal fluid in patients with symptoms of encephalitis.
5. Roehrig JT, Nash D, Maldin B, et al. Persistence of virus-reactive serum immunoglobulin M antibody in confirmed West Nile virus encephalitis cases. Emerg Infect Dis 2003; 9:376-379.
6. Flaherty ML, Wijdicks EFM, Stevens JC, et al. Clinical and electrophysiologic patterns of flaccid paralysis due to West Nile virus. Mayo Clin Proc 2003; 78:1245-1248. Flaherty et al. describe the clinical and electrophysiologic abnormalities in two patients with asymmetric flaccid weakness due to West Nile virus infection. The results of their electrophysiologic studies show that the weakness is due to anterior horn cell disease.
7. Sejvar JJ, Leis AA, Stokic DS, et al. Acute flaccid paralysis and West Nile virus infection. Emerg Infect Dis 2003; 9:788-793. These authors studied seven patients with acute flaccid paralysis due to West Nile virus infection. They report that their patients exhibited features typical for polio with marked asymmetric weakness, diminished or absent deep tendon reflexes in the affected limbs, and weakness that developed during an acute infectious process. Electrodiagnostic findings showed asymmetric muscle denervation, reduced compound muscle action potentials, and normal sensory nerve action potentials collectively consistent with anterior horn cell disease.
8. Solomon T. Exotic and emerging viral encephalitides. Curr Opin Neurol 2003; 16:411-418.
9. Solomon T, Willison H. Infectious causes of acute flaccid paralysis. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2003; 16:375-381. This is a review of acute flaccid paralysis due to West Nile virus and enterovirus 71.
10. Doron SI, Dashe JF, Adelman LS, et al. Histopathologically proven poliomyelitis with quadriplegia and loss of brainstem function due to West Nile virus infection. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 37:e74-e77. This is a case report describing the histopathological appearance of the motor neurons in the anterior horn regions of the spinal cord and brainstem in a patient who died of West Nile virus infection.
11. Alpert SG, Fergerson J, Noel LP. Intrauterine West Nile virus: ocular and systemic findings. Am J Ophthalmol 2003; 136:733-735.
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13. Ben-Nathan D, Lustig S, Tam G, et al. Prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of human intravenous immunoglobulin in treating West Nile virus infection in mice. J Infect Dis 2003; 188:5-12.
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15. Shimoni Z, Niven MJ, Pitlick S, Bulvik S. Treatment of West Nile virus encephalitis with intravenous immunoglobulin. Emerg Infect Dis 2001; 7:759.