Energy aware computing through probabilistic switching: A study of limits

IEEE Transactions on Computers

Volumn 54, Issue 9, 2005, Pages 1123-1137

  Palem, Krishna V ^a  

^a GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

Energy aware systems; Low power design; Probabilistic computation

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHMS; BOOLEAN FUNCTIONS; COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY; PROBABILITY; SWITCHING FUNCTIONS; SWITCHING THEORY;

ENERGY AWARE SYSTEMS; LOW POWER DESIGN; PROBABILISTIC COMPUTATION;

PROBABILISTIC LOGICS;

EID: 25844483771     PISSN: 00189340     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TC.2005.145     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. K.V. Palem, "Thermodynamics of Randomized Computing, a Discipline for Energy Aware Algorithm Design and Analysis," Technical Report GIT-CC-02-56, Georgia Inst. of Technology, Nov. 2002.
2. K.V. Palem, "Energy Aware Computation: From Algorithms and Thermodynamics to Randomized (Semiconductor) Devices," Technical Report GIT-CC-03-10, Georgia Inst. of Technology, Feb. 2003.
3. K.V. Palem, "Energy Aware Computing through Randomized Switching," Technical Report GIT-CC-03-16, Georgia Inst. of Technology, May 2003.
4. J.T. Schwartz, "Fast Probabilistic Algorithms for Verification of Polynomial Identities," J. ACM, vol. 27, pp. 701-717, 1980.
5. M.O. Rabin, "Probabilistic Algorithms," Algorithms and Complexity, New Directions and Recent Trends, J.F. Traub, ed., pp. 29-39, 1976.
6. G.J. Chaitin and J.T. Schwartz, "A Note on Monte Carlo Primality Tests and Algorithmic Information Theory," Comm. Pure and Applied Math., vol. 31, pp. 521-527, 1978.
7. R. Balian, From Microphysics to Macrophysics, vols. 1, 2. Springer-Verlag, 1991.
8. U.V. Vazirani and V.V. Vazirani, "Efficient and Secure Pseudo-Random Number Generation (Extended Abstract)," Proc. Ann. Symp. Foundations of Computer Science, pp. 458-463, 1984.
9. L. Szilard, "On the Decrease of Entropy in a Thermodynamic System by the Intervention of Intelligent Beings," Maxwell's Demon: Why Warmth Disperses and Time Passes, H. Leff and E. Rex, 1998.
10. N. Pippenger and M.J. Fischer, "Relations among Complexity Measures," J. ACM, vol. 26, pp. 361-381, Apr. 1979.
11. N. Pippenger, "On Simultaneous Resource Bounds (Preliminary Version)," Proc. 20th Ann. Symp. Foundations of Computer Science, pp. 307-311, 1979.
12. C.H. Papadimitriou, Computational Complexity. Addison-Wesley, 1994.
13. M. Sipser, Introduction to the Theory of Computation. PWS Publishing Company, 1997.
14. A.A. Razborov, "A Lower Bound on the Monote Complexity of the Logical Permanent," Mat. Zametki, vol. 37, no. 6, English translation in Math. Notes of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1985.
15. A.A. Razborov, "Lower Bounds on the Monote Complexity of Some Boolean Functions," Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, English translation in Soviet Math. Dokl., vol. 31, pp. 798-801, 1985.
16. K. Palem, "Proof as Experiment: Computation from a Thermodynamic Perspective," Proc. Int'l Symp. Verification: Theory and Practice, June 2003.
17. S. Carnot, Reflections on the Motive Power-of Fire (Reflexions sur la Puissance Motrice du Feu et sur les Machines Propres a Developper Cette Puissance), 1824.
18. R. Clausius, "Uber die Bewegende Kraft der Warme," Annalen der Physik, 1850.
19. J.C. Maxwell, "Illustrations of the Dynamical Theory of Gases," Phil. Mag., vol. 19, pp. 19-32, 1860.
20. J.C. Maxwell, "On the Dynamical Theory of Gases," Philosophical Trans. Royal Soc. London, vol. 157, pp. 49-88, 1867.
21. L. Boltzmann and S.G. Brush, Lectures on Gas Theory, English translation by S.G. Brush. Dover Publications, 1995.
22. J.W. Gibbs, Elementary Principles in Statistical Mechanics. New York: Scribner, 1902.
23. M. Planck, Treatise on Thermodynamics. Dover Publications, 1922.
24. J. von Neumann, Fourth University of Illinois Lecture in Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata, A. W. Burks, ed. Univ. of Illinois Press, 1966.
25. R. Landauer, "Irreversibility and Heat Generation in the Computing Process," IBM J. Research and Development, vol. 3, pp. 183-191, July 1961.
26. C.H. Bennett, "Logical Reversibility of Computation," IBM J. Research and Development, vol. 17, pp. 525-532, Nov. 1973.
27. E. Fredkin and T. Toffoli, "Conservative Logic," Proc. Physics of Computation Conf., pp. 219-253, 1982.
28. J.D. Meindl, "Low Power Microelectronics: Retrospect and Prospect," Proc. IEEE, pp. 619-635, Apr. 1995.
29. J.D. Meindl and J.A. Davis, "The Fundamental Limit on Binary Switching Energy for Terescale Integration (TSI)," IEEE. J. Solid-State Circuits, pp. 1515-1516, Oct. 2000.
30. K.-U. Stein, "Noise-Induced Error Rate as Limiting Factor for Energy per Operation in Digital ICS," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 31, no. 5, 1977.
31. M.O. Rabin and D.S. Scott, "Finite Automata and Their Decision Problems," IBM J. Research and Development, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 115-125, 1959.
32. M.O. Rabin, "Probabilistic Automata," Information and Control, vol. 6, pp. 230-245, 1963.
33. R.M. Karp, "Probabilistic Analysis of Partitioning Algorithms for the Traveling-Salesman Problem in the Plane," Math. Operations Research, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 209-224, Aug. 1977.
34. J. Gill, "Computational Complexity of Probabilistic Turing Machines," SIAM J. Computing, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 675-695, 1977.
35. R. Feynman, Feynman Lectures on Computation. Addison-Wesley, 1996.
36. Z. Kohavi, Switching and Finite Automata Theory. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1970.
37. Z. Manna, Mathematical Theory of Computation. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1974.
38. K. Palem, S. Cheemalavagu, and P. Korkmaz, "The Physical Representation of Probabilistic Bits (PBITs) and the Energy Consumption of Randomized Switching," CREST technical report, June 2003.
39. C. Cheemalavagu, P. Korkmaz, and K. Palem, "Ultra Low-Energy Computing via Probabilistic Algorithms and Devices: CMOS Device Primitives and the Energy-Probability Relationship," Proc. 2004 Int'l Conf. Solid State Devices and Materials, Sept. 2004.
40. K.V. Palem, L.N. Chakrapani, B.E.S. Akgul, P. Korkmaz, and B. Seshasayee, "Ultra Energy-Performance Efficient Embedded SoC Architectures Based on Probabilistic CMOS (PCMOS)," Int'l Conf. Computers, Architectures, and Synthesis for Embedded Systems (CASES) 2005, submitted for publication.
41. A. Sinha and A. Chandrakasan, "Jouletrack: A Web Based Tool for Software Energy Profiling," Proc. 38th Conf. Design Automation, 2001.
42. M.S. Gupta, "Fluctuations and Dissipation in Elementary One-Bit Information Storage System," Int'l J. Theoretical Physics, vol. 21, nos. 3/4, pp. 275-282, Apr. 1982.
43. K. Palem, S. Cheemalavagu, and P. Korkmaz, "Introverted Switches as a Basis for Minimizing Leakage in CMOS," US patent invention disclosure, in preparation.
44. V. Tiwari, S. Malik, and P. Ashar, "Guarded Evaluation: Pushing Power Management in Logic Synthesis/Design," IEEE Trans. Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, vol. 17, Oct. 1998.
45. A.J. Martin, M. Nystrom, and C.G. Wong, "Tutorial: Asynchronous Microprocessor Design," Proc. 35th Int'l Symp. Microarchitecture, Nov. 2003.
46. B. Kish, "End of Moore's Law: Thermal (Noise) Death of Integration in Micro and Nano Electronics," Physics Letters A, vol. 305, 2002.
47. K.V. Palem, S. Cheemalavagu, P. Korkmaz, and B.E.S. Akgul, "Probabilistic and Introverted Switching to Conserve Energy in a Digital System," US Patent application, 27 Apr. 2005.