Birth order and educational career: A study of school performance and achieved education of children born in early-twentieth-century Sweden

Journal of Family History

Volumn 27, Issue 1, 2002, Pages 25-39

  Modin, Bitte ^a  

^a STOCKHOLM UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 25844472793     PISSN: 03631990     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/036319900202700102     Document Type: Article

References (76)

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29. References in E. A. Hanushek, "The Trade-off between Child Quantity and Quality."
30. E. A. Hanushek, "The Trade-Off between Child Quantity and Quality."
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33. R. B. Zajonc and G. B. Marcus, "Birth Order and Intellectual Development." According to this theory, moreover, all siblings within a family have an advantage over last born children, since they can serve as teachers for their younger brothers and sisters. This addition to the theory is an attempt to explain the steep drop in IQ scores observed for the last born children as well as of the tendency for the second last born children in large sibships to have higher IQ scores than expected, thereby breaking the otherwise quite linear down ward trend. Thus, later born children of large sibships may experience an increase in the intellectual environment compared with some of their earlier born siblings, especially if the age spacing is wide. However, the very last born child (including the only child) will, according to this theory, always be in a disadvantaged position because of the absence of a younger sibling to serve as an intellectual resource before.
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39. N. Millerand G. Maruyama, "Ordinal Position and Peer Popularity," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 33 (1976): 123-31.
40. L. Belmont and F. A. Marolla, "Birth Order, Family Size, and Intelligence";
41. H. M. Breland, "Birth Order, Family Size, and Intelligence";
42. H. M. Breland, "Birth Order, Family Configuration and Verbal Achievement."
43. Birth order/sibsize, social class, mother's age, parents' education, working mother, and single mother.
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47. E. A. Hanushek, "The Trade-off between Child Quantity and Quality."
48. M. Wallden, Sibling Position and Mental Capacity - Reconsidered. Project Metropolitan. A Longitudinal Study of a Stockholm Cohort.
49. G. Guo, "The Timing of the Influences of Cumulative Poverty on Children's Cognitive Ability and Achievement," Social Forces 77, no. 1 (1998): 257-88;
50. H. J. Eysenck, Race, Intelligence and Education, series: Towards a New Society (London: Temple Smith, 1971).
51. R. R. Sears, E. E. Maccoby, and H. Levin, Patterns of Child Rearing;
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53. J.W.B. Douglas, The Home and the School. A Study of Ability and Attainment in the Primary School (London: McGibbon and Kee, 1964).
54. M. Walldén, Sibling Position and the Educational Career. Project Metropolitan. A Longitudinal Study of a Stockholm Cohort.
55. J. Blake, "Family Size and the Quality of Children";
56. J. Blake, "Number of Siblings and Educational Attainment."
57. Ibid.
58. M. Walldén, Sibling Position and the Educational Career. Project Metropolitan. A Longitudinal Study of a Stockholm Cohort.
59. M. Walldén: Sibling Position and Mental Capacity - Reconsidered. Project Metropolitan. A longitudinal study of a Stockholm cohort, Research Report No. 31 (Stockholm: University of Stockholm, 1990).
60. C.-G. Berglin, Regular Skewness of Birth Order Distribution (Stockholm: Almquist and Wiksell, 1980);
61. E. A. Hanushek, "The Trade-Off between Child Quantity and Quality."
62. C. Schooler, "Birth Order Effects: Not Here, Not Now!";
63. K. F. Kennett and A. J. Cropley, "Intelligence, Family Size and Socio-Economic Status."
64. P. K. Klebanov, J. Brooks-Gunn, and M. C. McCormick, "Classroom Behaviour of Very Low Birth Weight Elementary School Children," Pediatrics 94, no. 5 (1994): 700-708;
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66. D. S. Seidman, A. Laor, R. Gale, D. K. Stevenson, S. Mashiach, and Y. L. Danon, "Birth Weight and Intellectual Performance in Late Adolescence," Obstretics & Gynecology 79, no. 4 (1992): 543-46;
67. W. H. Kitchen, M. M. Ryan, A. Rickards, A. B. McDougall, F. A. Billson, E. H. Keir, and F. D. Naylor, "A Longitudinal Study of Very Low-Birth Weight Infants. IV: An Overview of Performance at Eight Years of Age," Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 22 (1980): 172-88;
68. H. T. Sørensen, S. Svend, J. Olsen, K. J. Rothman, M. W. Gillman, and P. Fischer, "Birth Weight and Cognitive Function in Young Adult Life: Historical Cohort Study," British Medical Journal 315 (1997): 401-3.
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70. C.-G. Berglin, Regular Skewness of Birth Order Distribution;
71. E. A. Hanushek, "The Trade-Off between Child Quantity and Quality."
72. For a more detailed description of the subsample, see B. Modin, Uppväxt och skolbetyg i tredje klass. En Studie av en Uppsalakohort av flickor och pojkar födda 1915-1929 (Upbringing and third grade school marks. A study of an Uppsala cohort of boys and girls born 1915-1929) (Stockholm: Department of Sociology, Stockholm University, 1995).
73. G. W. Bohrnstedt and D. Knoke, Statistics for Social Data Analyses (Itascha, IL: Peacock, 1982).
74. SOU 1942:11, Betänkande med utredning och förslag angående betygssättningen i folkskolan (Official Report and Proposal for Elementary-School Grading) (Stockholm, 1942).
75. Statistics, Sweden, 1989:5, Meddelanden i samordningsfrågor (Report on co-ordination issues) (Stockholm, 1989).
76. In some cases, it is also a result of the fact that they waited an extra year before attending first grade.